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3\^.<f^:tTi:T-^x 



United States History, 

C'0:\1PILED AND AftBANGED BY 



B-^f^n^vdZTJiE: 



L n^^^cciEsiE:-.^, 



ixTfM?{.^ sr.^TE jvamLTiL school, 



CX.J^SS OI^ IQT-S. 



DESIGXED FOR 'IHK USE OF 



TEACHERS AND ADVANCED CLASSES. 

fKntoroil Accorfliujr to Act of Cong-ress, in the year 18S2, by ^iC^^V 

SaMI EL V. McC'REA, Sk ^^\\ 




111 ilie office of the Librarian of t'ongross. at Washinfftou. 



VIM EMNF.S, rXD.: 
1SS2. 






Is/L.^^^l^TXJ'j^X^ 




im 




I 




COMPILED AND ARRANGED 






ih 



ixTfMy:^ sr:^rE mmL^L school. 



Cl_,.fi.SS OIF ISTD. 



DESIGNED FOR IHE USE OF 



TEACHERS AND ADVANCED CLASSES. 



.S!^1.(K 



,^-.>- 



VINCENNKS. IXD. : 

COlIilEKCIAL STKAM PKIXT 
1SS2. 



2;^Op WASHI^*^^!^'' 



PREFACE. 



f'TIS book is not desifrneil to be ;i text-book on the .subject of U. S. Historj'. 
It is .simply prepiired to serve as a crnide to te.'ieheis .inrl .students in the 
study of tiiat interestino; and instruoiive branch. 'I'iie difficulties in the 
study of this subject arise nor so mueb from the meajjreiKess or elaborate full- 
ness of the authors ; as from tlieii- failui'e* to arrano;*" the subject matter in 
such a manner as to be ea.iily fixed on tiu^ mind of tlie learner. The book is 
desi(;ned to serve more especially as a Snpplenient to T;iylor's ]\Iodel School 
History of ilieUnited States; aUhous:h it may be used \vi;li nearly equal facili- 
ty with r^.irnes, Rid))arh, Anderson and other of our populnr text-books. The 
auiiior claims but little as to oriirinnlity in subject ma'.ter: but the arrange- 
ment of the subject m itter nill hp found to be orio^iu;)!. The series of Iteview 
TojMcs at the close of the Administrations will be found :i o;rcat aid in fixiu": a 
knowledo-c! of the subject matter of that jieriod. This ^Manual will also be 
found invalujible to private students of U. S. Ilisfoi'y, as it will enable them 
to inteUioeiiily direcl ihcir study, and to reap reasonable pi-oMt trom their 
vvoik. 'JMiis work is not put forth as ;i Theory of U. S. History; but rather, as 
a book whose pi-inciples and arrauijement liave been wrought out in everyday 
school work. If this book- enables tt^achers to perfect tlieir kn()\vled>je of His- 
tory; or pupils to acquire a true love for historic.il literature, it will richly 
repay its anthoi- for all the care and study pur upon it. The Plan of Study 
and Metl>ods of Instruction ai-c emboilied in the -nuhDi-'s .-lUiji^eslions on reach- 
ing U. S. History. S. P. M. 



En*? 



The followino; books coiitnin, tlioiifjli often not in the same form, much of 
the matter containeil in this ontline: 

1. .JoliMSon's American Politics. 

2. Anderson's United States Reader, 

3. Anderson's Popular School History of the United States. 

4. S('avej''s Goodrich's History of the United States. 

5. Harper's Seliool History by Scott. 
G. Kid(>ath'8 Academic IHstory. 

7. QiiackiMihos' American History for Schools. 

S. 'I'halheinu'r's Eclectic History of the United States. 

!). Barnes'. Brief History of the United States. 

10. Lossin_<('s Outline History of the United States. 

11. Lossinjj's Centennial History (if th« United States. 

1-2. Xesvman's Cyelopedia of American History and Biography. 



Suggestions on Teaching United 
States History. 



I. Tlie ('ol(ini:il hi'^rory slioiihl bi^tioared licii-Hy. 'I'lio-;t> IcS'Sons of Aiiier- 
ii'Mii liistoi y, u liicli arc inn-t useful, arc ro he i;-irlicr(>il from tlie i'lill lioli flood 
oC iiatioiiality, r itlicr rhaii Proni the nan-nw, lucaiiTi' stream of pniviiit'ial life. 
'I'liis Ix'in^- I lie case, ami I he earlier ])('i-i(iils licino- nxi-c often -tiiiliei! iii <uir 
coiiinion sc-lioiils, tile re;iclier .slioiilil see llial^ hi- woriv eovei-s riu' •'Periml of 
Adiiiiiiisti atioiis." Belter lieiiiii with I lils period, than only p.-iriially treat it. 
Ir ean not l)e mastered in les.- than six n.onllis. 

II. Do not make a speeiilrv of niilir irv def djs. 1 nve-rie-aie e;ii-ernll v tlie 
t'.aas(! and effect of \var<: i)nl deal briellv wifli niiii(ar\- campaign-. 

III. Give -ndiejent time to Foliticfil ( < a tests, Ili>;oiy oi invcniiciis. 
Growth of Sot'tionilisni. Infernal linproven)(MUs. lli-tors of Ednealion, Terri- 
torial Increase, Mora!. Social and Reliuioiis Growth. Siudi things maUe up 
onr material life. .V >^r(idy of these and other (dosely ndated topics will lead 
the learner ro see the steps of the pro;4'ress hy which we hive bei; )!ii!! a u;fear 
Nation. 

1\'. I.'eview s shonid be fre(pient, and slionld test the pnpiTs nndersland- 
in:^' r.atlier than lii> niennn y . 

V . .Since onr hisioiv from I(!()7 is a history of the lOn^lish p.-ople, a good 
know ledoe of conlcinporai-y i']nuli-h Iliston, will he found to he of o-reat aid 
to the t-orrecl teacher. Every feaclnM- s!n)nld posses- and sni y some st.andaial 
Eiiuli-h History. 

\' 1 . 'i'lie ie;ielier shonid enconraLre hi< piipiU to do snpplementar>' reail- 
iiii!;. He slionld also arran.ee his |)l.an of worlc. lb it they c;m .lo ni\i-\\ readiiili' to 
ad\ai'r.a<i-e. He shonid :il ways in (adlalera; reading; direct their work; and 
lead then) to see t!n' reialion of what they r. -ad lo<o,ie-pan of the subject 
under (amsiiliMMtion. 

VII. 'i'le- Icarnin::. and holdinii- of d,ite< beinij so dilHciilt, lie teacdier's 
\void< should be so j)linned tliut dates will be so "lied" toi;etlier, tliit they mti.V 
b- easily retaiin^d, and ic.idil v eivcn. This is besr .accompli-lied liy li.iviiiii- the 
matter of study /o(//rr),'/// :irrani;ed. .\ boy inio'hr have I rouble lo remember 
ihat we formed an alliance with France in 177'~^; hnt iflie i-einembered.that it 
was one of the lesiilts of the capture of i'.iir j,-oy lU' in 1777. lie could ea.>iily re- 
tain it. 

VIII. Make a free U'-c of maps and charts, always ret!\embcriug, that an 



M WIWT. OF rXITED STATE'^ rifSIOTlT. 



a.«.*nci;itinii of ))l;ic(\ time. :inil f;ict will iimki' fiicli l<inil of kiinwlcil.j;!- mm-c 
.•iv:ii]:il)l('. 'rill- followiiiix t'XPrci*f-^ will l)i> fV.nml v:ilu;il)li>. Arran-jc rlm~: si 
t:ll)lP of il;it('<, plai'ps Mtirl iianios; 

DcSoto. l\li,api.i*ijipi "RivPr, 1541. 

C'<iir<.z. iNIPxico. lnlO-21. 

Pilgrims. Plyniniitli. 1620. 

Wolf ami Mi.iitcalm. Qiii'hec. 175U. 

.Jackson. New Orleans. 1815, 

Xalioiial Hank. Pliilailelphia, 1791. 

After a earcfiil stmiy of the maitrr of llie text, liave tlie.<e coiuiuns ar- 
ranm'il on di^Vei-t'iit lilackl)oai->ls. 

KxiMeise [1 .1 Point to the n.iine ( l)e Hoto) and have the pupil ji,ive time 
anil fart or |ilaee. a-; : Diseovered iIim Mississippi River in 1541. [2]. Point to 
the (late, and have the pupil irive nanie.md fact, or place. [3.] Point to the 
I'aet oi- place, and have the pupil ^ive lime. 'I'iioe exercises are valuable in 
that they : 

1. Atfoid variety and |)leasiire. 

2. Associate the name, fact, date and place. 
:{. Are speedy and efficient. 

IX. To properly diret-t others, the teaclier's knii\vledj;(^ should be aCLnir- 
ate. systematic and exhaustive. He may make his knowled^^e uccurata by 
carefid and frc(|ueiit reviews. lie may p'ake his knowled<;e systematic, hj' 
stndyiui;- the fads of history according- to a deiiuite plan. He may make his 
knoulediTc cxhau.slivc. by makinj; himself familiar with several standard au- 
thors. 'I'bis leads u.s to consider a teacher'-s tools — bonks. Every teacher 
siioidd possess a small hisloric.al libiary. The followinii' list is within the 

reach of all : 

1. Seavey's(;oodricirs History <if the United States. $1 00. 

2. 'I'aylor's Brief History of Aniericin People. $1 00. 
;i. IJidpath's Academic Histoi-y. $1 25. 

4. .Vndcrsnn's Historical or I'nited States Re'ider. $1 35. 

5. A Hrief History of Our Own Times, (paper.) 50c. 

(J. Ouilin.' ofCourse of Study in Tiiited States History by C. W, Hodjiin 
of Indiana State \nrmal Sehool. 50c. 

7. .lohnston's American Politics. 75c. 

If to the^e the teacleM- can add T.ossinir's Fii'st Century of the United States 
($5. iO) : or better, Bancroft's Centeninal History of the L'nited States, ($10), 
he will be certainly rich in historical matter. If In; will only jjather the rich 
fruit of this field, hem iv by enMiusiasm and eneriiy not onlv make his pupils 
to have a fair knowled>r(. (,f this country's history ;but will lead them to more 
permanent results— an acquaintance with our gfe-'if hisrorians, and a. love for 
historical reailinji". 

X. Aid the pupil to interpret the thouijht of the author. See pages 231 
Mud 232, Kidpath'sOrammar- School Edition, Sections eight nine and ten. The 
pupil may not see by a study of the above sections that they ineliule thefollow- 
iuij poiute; 



.MANUAT. OF UXITED STA^'ES HISTORY. 



( St'nntc. ( How eltH'ted. 

Legislative. < -, Nunihpr. 

(flousiofUepre>cDtativcs ( Thi-iu of Office. 



j f f How CliDsep. ( ( How 

I I I Term of Om<-- I Electoral | Cliosen 

i Executive. J. President. ■{ „ -.- 

Aid. 



I 



I 



I ('olle>;e. | Number 
I I 



( Supreme Court. ( Officers — -Tudo-es — Tertim of Ottice. 
I Judicial. -j -' '!'ri:il by .Turv. ' 

[ I [ntVrior Court. / Treason. 

Tiift pupil should not f)niy be able to answer questions involviui; any of 
these points, but to tell in lotrjc'ii o-'der wliat is told it: the book; expressing 
himself clearly and accurately. He «hould. in addition, be able to tell what 
f;ict. is told by each and every sentence. If any point needs il!usrratin<r, the 
teacher should illustrate it. a])propriatel v. and have rlie pupils o;ive siiiiilar il- 
lustrations. 

XI. [f the matter upon any topic i.s not complete, the teacher should sup- 
plement it from hi> own readins:. See priire 2.'U Ridpath's Grammar School 
Edition. s>e('tion six. 

National Rank. Tells when charlered. 170:^ Added matter — 1. Was 
partof Hamilton's liuaucial sidieme. 2. Chartered for twenty years, -i. Ca)ii- 
fal, $10,000,000. -t. LocatiMu— Philadelphia. .5. Purpose— [«] To aftbrd a 
steadv and nnifoi-m currency, [h] Served as a treasnry for irove'niment depos- 
its, [cj EiTect of the cliarter expirintr, (1811) ; se(> Ridjiath's .Vcademic His- 
tory. In this same way the matter can be .added toany topic not fully tr(\ated. 
'I'hi;;. how<'ver, requires that the te.acher Icn-e considerable knowledore, to be 
.able to add kuowledire to that ir'ven and to liavestrouir powers of discrimina- 
tion, to know what is needed. 

XII. Subjects of irreat importance hi = toricalIv are often omitted in stand- 
ard histories. The "Invention of the Cotton Cin" is mentioned in but two, 
and is fullv treated in oulv one school historv. Robert Mcl\enzie. in an arti- 
(de on "King Of)tton" says: "Frr)m the juventifin of a machine for cheaply 
se])aratiui; the seed of cr)tton from the fibri\ and the ))ni-cliasef)f TiOiiisinua from 
the Freni-h, flow; the American Hi-t(M-y of the ni'Xt half centurv. Not any 
other ev(Mit since the War of Indenendence ; nor all other events ppf tojrpther, 
havt! done a< mucli to ship" an 1 drtcM-niine th'> careet- of the A uvricau people."' 

Otlier facts of nearlv equal importance ;we often omitted, and should lie 
fretited by the te.acher. 

To tliosc w!io desire more and hettm- informatioti oti history. I would 
sfiy, read carefully in the .appendix to Seavey's Goodrich's History the ;irti(de 
on "Hints on the iMethod of Tcachinij Historv" by .\. P. Stotie, of the Port- 
land. Mtiine, Ilieh School. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES niSI'ORY. 



UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

INTRODUCTION. 



Sfc. 1. Bet'ore !irteriiptiiitr t<> irnin .'i kiunvlfclec of nny Rnhjoor. we should 
consider c.-irofnlly. rlie roa.soii? iiiidcrlviii!^ its >tndy. Tin' f'nl lowing? nrc the 
IpadiiiLT reasons for tlie inrelliiTpnt stn<ly of ni>tory : 

1. Gives pleasure, as it abounds in novelty, beauty, and <T:randeur. 

2. Adds to the pleasure of travel. 

8. Makes more active and inteHi<;ent citizens. 

4. 'I'eaches valuable moral lesions. 

.'). Ciilrivates the mind and tasr^. 

C). 'I'e.iches tinman nature, and enaV)les u* to profit by the experience of 
others. 

7. Gives us sti'onixer f lith in th'^ ri rh''. 

Skc. 2. Should a teacher study thi-: subject with these reasons in view, he 
will find that his investio^utions will naturally develop the followiuij "IMotives 
for 'l"e.achin<r llistot y :" 

1, The fidtillmenr of the spirit as well as the letter of the law. 

2. The irnpartinir of facts and dates, which will be of practical value to 
the learner-. 

'^. T.) teach heiUhful nioi-il lesion^ fi-oni tb" reverses and suece^sps of 
past ufeiv'i'ations. 

4. To so ai'(]uaint- tb" Dunil with oin- for in <^f jrovei-nnient, that be rnav 
becoMie a tr-iie. aefive an<l inreMijrent citizen. 

r). To lead the punil to see the fact of n vdan in our- hi-Jtorv : and tint sir^h 
plan is the wordc of Hnd, as seen in oni- rvirion''< nisr life; also t\\-\t 
God's illeal for \\M\n in rntioval frecrlnm. and that hi-^ bin-best irnod consists in 
realizinir this ideal in himself. 

.>r.r. ?i. Tliese hein>r rhe reaehei-'^j i>urnosr«a, fh" followiu'X ''Plan of 
Stud\-'' will be fiMiiid to be lofriivi'. natni-.il and efllcienr: 

1. Tlound the snhjeet in rimi» and place. 

2. View it :is a wliole. made up of narts; also, view tb(> parts as 
wholes, comi^ftsed of radated parts. 

3. See how this snbjecf resembles and diftVrs from other related subjects. 

4. Study to see what caused it. and what efTcct it pi-ndnced. 

.T. Seek to tin 1 the plan it embodies — the pnri^ose for which it exists. 

Skp. 4. .\b an illu-tririon of this plan take •'P>irri:''>vne's Inva-ion," ami 
treat it .as follnw s : 

I. Time — fitly 1 — Oetfther 1777. 

TT. Place — "NTortbern and Eastern "^ew York. 

TIT. Purpose — To sever New Ensrland from the Middle States, thus crip- 
pliiiiT the power of Washinijrton : and with th" aid of Gllnton and the Southern 
armv. to nlnmiitelv snri-ound and ("i)itnr-e him. 

IV. Plan — 1. Main .armv to move down the Iluilsnn upon Albanv. 2. .\ 
i~ide expedition under Gen. .St. I,e</(>i' ,iiid Brant to rno\-e :i'jr;iinst Fort Scbuv- 
ler on the irpper Mohawk. 3. .\ side expedition to move to the East to irather 
provi.-ions and beat ofi'surprisiujT parties. 4. Clinton to send a force up the 



MAXUAT. OF rXITEl) 8TA IKS IIISTOin'. 



fliiilsoii to br(^-ik tlie bloekside, rlii-p;iteii tlu^ Aiiiericin aniiy, lunl c()-oi)er;irH 
with till' luitiii iiriny on itsdosceiit douii on All):iiiy. 

V. Events — S(^e fexr-liooks. 

VI. Effect!= — 1. A trffiit iniliraty vicrnry. •>. r)m'eli»!)iMl rlic <';ii):ibilities 
of the American soldier, 3. M:id<' tlic AineriiMus liold ;ind contident of 
suoces^s iind weakened the hopi- of Enj^land of evM- cnnquerino; America. 4. 
Led to an alliance uirli France. ."). \V;i< viitiiiliy the tnrninii; puinrof the 
war. (See Creasey's Decisive Battles.) 

Sec. 5. The History of the U. S. is tlie proi^ri'ss of tlic people of ttie U. S. 
in the conscionsness of frecdon) from to present. 

Tlie Hisr-oi'V ot the U. S., in ttie sulijective sen-;!', i- tii" investi^'ation and 
statement of liie proirress of the people of the U. S.. in atfaininsr the conscions- 
ness of freedom from the b'-jjinninir ro rlie present time, as manifested in their 
acts in a Xational eapaeity. in their arts, si-iences, inventions, ijovernim-nt and 
i-eli<rion. Or. 

It is the record of tlie steps in the developnienl of the fnndamenral ideas 
of this irovernmeiir ; mid the ideas whiidi it still seidcinij to realizf^; toir^'ther 
with the means by w hieh rlipse steps wt-re raken and liy which the i-)roii're.ss of 
the Nation in civilization is secnred. 

Sec. 6. Applyinjr this pl.an of stndy to the History of tlie U. S, the fol- 
1 )\vin<x ontline is presented: 

U. S. [listory, as a whole to present. 

PAINTS— 

T. The Aboriginal Period. to 1492. 

2. The Period of Discoverv. 1492—1(107. 

.?. The Period of Setrloment. 1G07— TG89. 

4. The Period of Inter-Colonial Wars. 1(JS9— 1703. 
o. 'I'he Period of Revolntion. 17(!3 — 17!-!9. 

G. The Period of TsTational r)evelopment. i7S9 — 1S61. 
7. The Period of rivil War. 18G1— ISGo. 

5, The Perioil of Reconstrnctioti. 1SG5— 18S1. 



The Aboriginal Period, 



Sec. 7. Ahorhjinnl means from the beiriiinin^r- This jiej'ioi] heii'ins with an in 
definite past time ; because no definite limits can be set to a mlirhty pasr.of wiii(!h 
nothins; is known. 1492 mark.s one time l)onndary, because after that time oc- 
curred a new era of thihofs. It is said the Xortlimen discovered America, 
about tlie y(!ar 1001. .\dniittini>; thev did, their discovery in noway becefitred 
mankind. The same cloud of oliscnrity whicli had so lonir veiled America 
from view, now si^ttled down upon it deeper than befor(>: and r(Mnained as a 
slnidow npon it. until scatt red by the perseverinij; etVorts of Colnmhns. We 
study this p(>riod to aseerl.;nn its climatic; comlitions : and the ell'ect of these 
conditions on the ixrowtli of onr Xational life. This study calls .'ittenrion to 
the essential character Utlcs of a counti-y tUted to be the home of a great people ; 



MAXTAT. OK UXITFJ) SI'A'l'ES niSl'OIlT. 



1. Sui-li a CDiiiitry must li.ivc a ni'uli'rali-ly warm, moist ami lii-althiul el 



siiatc 



'2. Mii-t ll^l^<c!llr a i^'ciifrmis I'X'fiti ol' a\ailal)le rei'i'itory ami iiiii>c be; a 
laijjf and mii I'strii-Ioii oiic. 

:'. ^l^\<\ ;)ns-t's- a ili\M'r<iry ot ii tinial |i:-<).!ii(;cs, chat Cln*re may b'^ a diver- 
sity of liiteri'Sts ami industries. 

4. .Must li.:V(.' ^Mod liMhiilactiMiiiii' facilities. 

."). 'riiosc n;iiiir;ii lii^liwiiys — rivers — must reac!) Irecly, iiit(» all jtarts of 
the cniiiiiry ; and i Iumc <liunid not br insuperable natural barriers in tin- way 
of arrilicial ones — canals and railroads. 

t.i. Must have a ^•ener<»us exttMit of s('a-coasr, and nuuierou.s jjuad liarltor.s. 

A brief comp.'irisoi! and contrast of North with Soiitli America; am) of 
the V. S. with British America, and Mexico in regard to the above essential 
characier-istics will sli;*^, tint tlie United States is the bent fitted of any part of 
the New World , for the rapid and (nil development of a great nation. ilence, 
ill the-tiidy of its histo"y, we will naturally look for the developiiient of a high 
state of civili/ati'^n : and the growth of a high type of national lite. 
Si'X". 8. IJitmcni I>ihabiluiit.< of the United .States — 

1. The Monndbnild'MS. 

2. The Esquimaux. 

3. The Ameri«'an Indians. 

4. Ancient Mexii'ans or Aztec.«. 

5. Ancient Peruvians. 

Those interested in the above topics are referred to "Hodgins Outline of 
U. S. History," pp. lU and 17, for a list of reference books. 
The Esquimaux — 

1. Why so ('died ? 

2. Mode of life. 

[r»]. Dwelling:^. 

[6]. Occupations. 

[c]. Food. 

[d]. Clothing. 

[e]. Domestic iuiimals, 

[/]. Fuel and ligiit. 

3. Religion. 

4. State of civilization . 
The American Indinns — 

S Physical. 
Mental. 
Moral. 

II. Mode of life. 

1. Dwellings. 

2. Occupations and implements. 

3. Food and dress. 

4. Amusements and educsition. 

III. Qovemment. 

1. Leading tribes. 

2. Chiefs. 

3. Councils. 

4. Treatise. 

IV. Religion. 

1. Creed. 

2. Forms of worsbip. 

3. Forms of burial. 1, 2, 3 and 4. 

4. Forms of marriage. 

V. Theories of their origin. 



10 



ma.n'Uai. of uxjted sta'ies history 



INDIANS OF THE UNITED STATES— FAMILIES AND TRIBES. 

SiX'. ii. il. Moiu'iwk.v. 4. C.iyiij:as. j 'I'iit' live or six Xatioiis. 

1. Iniqiiois. J^2. Oiii'iil;i>:. 5. Senrcas. [- E istfi ii Ohio, XoiTlieni 

(3. Oiiondnov,. (J. TusLMiawas. ) and X. W. Pa. and N.Y. 



1. Abeiiekis. 



2. X. EiiiT. Ti ll)t> 



i i PeiiohsL-ot, 

•j III Me. - AndnjsL'oo;":!!). 

( ( Xoirid^euoi'k. 

X. H. ( PawtiiekHt-, Mu8=. 
Mass. - Waiupaiioaii. 
ct R. 1. / Xai-rauatisetts. 



/]. Mdiiejraiisxj Pi-qiiodji & Mohi'i^-aus ■{ Manhattan. 

II. Aly,'()nquiiis;. .j -t. Le ii-Li'iia|ie — Delaware. 

5. Pow hat rails — Viroini.-i. 

6. Sliawiiees — K^'llr(l^•ky and Tennessee. 

7. Illinois — In the Suutli part of Illinois. 

8. Ki('ka|)()s — In cenrral past of Illinois. 

9. Pot;! \var:nnie>i — Sonth of Like Micli'iivui. 

10. CiiippHwas — South-west of l^ake .Supi-rior. 

11. Meuomonies — Between Green Bayand Like Mich. 

12. Saes and Foxes — Between 10 and 11. 
18. Ort.-iwas — Xortl) parr of South Mieh., Penna. 

[14. .Mianias — South part of Sonth .Mieh.. Penna. 

III. Catawbas — In the Carolinas. 

fl. Yainasees — Lower Savannah in Caiolina. 
I 2. Seniinoles — Florida. 

IV. Mohilians.<J 3. (Greeks — Southern .•iiid ('ent)-al (ieoryia. 

I 4. Choetaws — South ^lississippi and Alahuiia. 
[5. Chicasaws — Xorth Mississippi ;ind Alabama. 

V. Cherokecs — Hijijhlands of Alabama, Geoi'ij:i!i, Cai-olina and TenneH.see. 

VI. Uchees — South of the Chei'okees. 

VII. Xatehez— On Miss. Riv. between 4 .and 5 of W. 

VIII. iJakotas or Sioux — Winneb.ijjo — West shore of Lake Michijjan. 
The remainder of the D's on VVest side of Mississippi River. 



Period of Discovery. 1492-1607, 



Skc. 10. 14'.)2 is raken ;i- nne tiiri'^ boundary of this period; because, at that 
time vvas ushered in a new "ra — 'hat of discovery mil exploration. Columbus 
had by liis suiu-ess, caused rhe spirit of disi>ovpry to blaze out, as a tierce flame 
over all the Old VVorhL Althouorli there were several settlements made, during 
this perloil, yet. this was not the leadinj^idea of the rimes. Hence, the name. 
We say that 1(307 mark.<5 the clo^e of this period, because at that time was made 
the first permanent English settlement in America; and tiie history of the U. 
S. is essentially the history of the Ensllsh people. 

Skc. 11. Historical conditions in the Old World, preparinjr for, and making 
possible the discovery of the Xew. 

1. The Crusades. 

2. Travels of Marco Polo, Mandeville and others. 

3. Explor.ations under PriiK'e Henry and Ivinj;: John, of Portugal. 

4. Improvement of the Mariner's Compass. 
.5. Invention of printing. 

6. The Protestant Reformtition. 

7. The political condition of Europe during the 15th centurj''. 



:\rAXi;Ar. ok r.vij'RD stai'es iiisroRY. ii 



LAWS OF NATiOMS. 

Skc. 12 'I'liH l:i\v of iiii'ions coiici^iniiii^eliiin-i ro Movvlv <li-c!Overe 1 territory. 
.•IS .-liirceil to hy ilii; ChrHtiiii Simius of Eiiroi^e, .about tlie close of tlie 15th cen- 
' 11 vy : 

1. Xcu ly (liscovcrcit tiMfitory shnll beloiio; t» the disL-ovcrcr. 

2. It' the ii:itioii nriiiiiially iiiil<in<r ;lie discovery ffiil for a loii^ time to take 
possession l)\- Mcrnai ocinip ii imi, oth<'r nations miyjht come in. 

3. Moditications — If tiic ii;n ive inh.abitaiits sliould i)rovi' to b'- he C'hii>- 
tian-;, ih'-ir ri;>lits were to l»i' ti'-|iectt'd ; bnt if th(;y were not Cliristians, j. e., 
Roni.in C'atiiolics, (the (•iiri-:ti,iiiity of the times beino^ Roman Ciithoiocism), 
tiiey were tit siihjpcts ol plrinder .i ud i-on(|Mest, and tlie exelnsive prlvileire of 
|)li!iidei-iiii; n\]i\ cuuiiniM in'4- tlunn bclon^'ed to the di-eoverer. [See Hildretii's 
U. 8. Hi^torw V^ol. 1 ; .Scavcy's (ioodrieirs U. S. Hist. pp. 20.] 

.Sic. I.'i. Ciidt'i- tills law, by discnvery. cxph)ratioii and settlement, tlie 
lollowinji N'atioiis laid claiin-; to territory in America: 
Tlie S])anish. 
The French. 
The Enolish. 
'I'he Dutch. 

Skc. H. The foll()win>j: table sIiows the i^ronnd for the foundation of the 
.SpMiiisli Cl.iini : 

1. VovMire- of Colnmlnis. 1492-ir)02. [r(] Discover.^ San Salvador. 1492. 
[h] Explores the Wesr Indies :ind founds I.sabelhi — a town in Hayfi. 1493. [c] 
Discovers maini.ind ot'Smth Ametici at the month of the Orinoco river. 1498. 
[(?.] Explof's the co;ist of (,'entr.il America. 1.'j()2. 

2. Ameriiro Ve<pncci explores the Northern coast of S. A., and the East 
coast of Bnizil, 1499 .-ind l.-fll. 

3. ()jed;i fomnN Daiien on the Istlimns. 1510. 

4. Jiiaii Ponce de Eeon discovers and explores Florida. ir)12. 

."). Xniiez de Balboa crosses th(> Istlimns, discovers the Pacitic ocean, .and 

mimes it the South Se.a. l.")l.'i. 

G. Cordova fliscovi'is ami explores Yncatan and the B.ay of Campeachy. 
1517. 

7. (iiij.alvM explortis the Sontliern coast of Mexico. lo]8. 

8. Hernati C'ortez conquers Mexico. 1519-21. 

9. Vasqnez de .Aylloii visits Carolina for slaves. 1520. 

10. Magellan .seekiii"- a South-west passage, sails around South America> 
names the P.acitic Oce.in, and starts on the first voy;iire around the world. 1520. 

11. De Ayll'in .atteinp'« to cnniiner and settle Cliicoia, now South Carolina. 
1525. 

12. Sreplien Gomez explores the Eastern coastof the United States, seek- 
itij; a Xortliwest )>issaoe. 1525. 

13. Ferdinand De Soto explores the coast of Yucatan, and Guatemala, 
seektiifj a passaire into the Pacitic. 1528. 

14. Pampbilode Xarvaez aticmpts to conquer Florida. 1528. 

15. Pizarro conquers Peru. 1531-2. 

16. De Soto on a voyajre of conquest, explores the Southern Mississippi 
Valley (1539-42) discovers the Mississippi River. 1511. 

17. Alarcon explores the Pacific coast to the present site of San Francis- 
co. 1541. 



V2 M.\svA\. or rsvvKi) sr.N'i'ES iiis'i'onY. 

li. C'o; 'iii.nU; -■x)il()rc< il (• foiiiM r>\ ly iiii: ;i!oiii;- tin- (Jiill' <.f (';ili['irni:i, 
III!' i>ilu riU'l C|>i>i'c Ri(» Graml»! V;:!l(-'y. IT;!!. 

lU. D:-C.!iiiiilo esplDi'es the P,n.'iiiir i.-ii;isr ruiln^ |ir('^i-uc limit of Xori licni 
Oif-on. 15-1-2. 

20. Meieii l^'Z .le Avilez loini.i- St. AiiLriisiiiie, Fia. I.jG.'k 

"21. AiiiiMstiii I'liyz, :i FrMiiciso;!!! inoiilv, o.'plniL's Xortticni Mexii-o ;i.s 
r.ir as ! he U|)!i<m- Vallev ot' tin' .Uio Giamh'. 1580. 

22. Aiiionio (le EspMJo <*x|>l()ris tilt' Jitio (Jratidt' Vuliev, names its iippei' 
part. New >lexieo (Finds sjlvej;. 1581. 

'13. DeKspejo roiin(i> Santa F.'. 1.582. 

2-1. Colonies sent to the silver mines ofXew Mexico, foiiml a town near 
bania l-'e. 15i)5. 

25. Sin Die<ro, Gal., I'oun.le.j. 1GU;J. 

Skc. 15. Upon the work ot Colonihiis more than that of any other man. the 
Spaniards rested their eh-im to terriror.v in Amciiea. 'Mils heiny: the ease, it is 
very iiiij)Ortaut that pupils have a ooi-iecf iTiea of tin; work of Odnmhiis. The 
follow ioi^ diagram is designed to hrinir out all the important faets in the life 
and work of this great mm : 

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. 
(When. (When. 

1. Birth. ] II. Death. -^^ Where. 

( Where. (Grave — Renioval.a. 

III. JJeaninff of name — Etl'ect on his life. 
IV". Parentage, ediieation and pursuits. 

f In rcii'.ard to form and size of earth. 

I In regaril to ;i route to Asia. 

V. His Theories. ■{ r\ •' • (''''"ivels of Marco Pi)lo and others. 

I '^ /liis own idea. 

[ Conlirmation of Theories 1, 2, 3 and 4. 
(To whom? 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. 

VI. Aitplieation for aid. -, Snccess with Spain. 

( Rank of Columbus. 

ivpc.,.u jN" Limber. 

VII. Equipinenrs V '-^-" • /Xanips. 

(Men. Cost. How defrayed. 
fWheii. , i-, i Where & When. 

I Distance. " /Ceremonies. 

VIII. The Voyat:'.-,<j Incidents. 

I Discoveries. 

[Further Discoveries. Naming of the People. 

TV T?.^ , ^ • ) When. (Rv People. 

IX. Keti I'll toNpain.- r> .• i r> ..i t^- ■, r\ 

' \ Keceprinn. / By the King and Queen. 

(When. 

X. Further Voyages. •< Number. 

( Work in each. 
IX. Ti-eatment of Coluinbus by the Rulers of Spain. 

THE SPANISH CLAIM. 
Sec. 1G. 1. The Spanish explored the Northern partof South America. The 
country around the Gulf of Mexico, the valleys of the Mississippi, Rio Giiinde 
and Gilo rivers. The Atlantic coast to Carolina, .and the Pacific coast to Ore- 
gon . 

2. They conquered Mexico and Peru. 

3. They settled at Isabella, Darien, St. Augustine, Santa Fe and San 
Diego. 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 13 

4. They explored and settled principiilly in the South and West, and 
claimed the country iiidetiiiitely Xoithwiird under the names of Florida, in 
the East, and Calitoi ni.i and New Mexico In the West. 

THE CENTER OF SPANISH COLONIZATION. 
Sec.17. Itshoiild benolk-cd tliattlx! land Colmiil^us first discovert'd lies midway 
North and South on tiie shores of the New World. Ilispanolia, (Santa Domin- 
go), Cuba, Porto Rico, and .Tamaiea were tlrst oeeupied, and from these as a 
center, Spanish adventurers pushed out in different directions. As thej' came 
from the East their explorations would naturall}^ be toward the North, West 
and South. From Flayti as a center, Vespucci jjoes to the South, Ojeda, Balboa, 
and I'i/arro, to th(! South-west, and DeAyllon to tiie North. From Cuba as a 
center — priniii»ally from llavanna — Cordova, (irijalva and Cortez go to the 
West. Kuyz and DeEspcjo to the North-west, and Narvoez DeSoto and Me- 
leiidfz to the North. 

RELATION OF TH£ WORK OF SPANISH EXPLORERS. 
Si'X". 18. N'l'spucii had often seen and talked u itii C'ohimbus, and came first to 
the New World, as a pilot for a former comrade, of Columbus, — Ojeiia. Balboa, 
shipwrecked on the coast, of Dai-ien. by natural foi-ce of character becomes a 
leader. Pizarro was a companion of Baltxia, in his expedition across Darien, 
and while there heard from an Indian cliief of tiie riches of Peru. Grijalvi 
was the pilot of Coilez. Gonu'z was a companion of Ma^-ellan in his voyage — 
seeking a South-west passage lo India. DeSoto was a companion of Pizarro 
in the compiest of Peru. 

SOME EFFECTS OF SPANISH CONQUESTS. 
Siicltt. By the ((inipnst of Mexico and I'eni, Spain iiad become verj' rich. Over 
these coiiipiered provinces >|ie held supreme control, and should allow no 
other nation lo come in. She had now become so powerful that she could 
maintain her claims by force of arms. The other nations of Europe thus pre- 
vented from sharing the great wealth of Mexico ami Peru, were much more 
anxious to discover a better Western roiUe to India. 

FRENCH CLAIM. 
.Skc. 20. — 1524. \'ei razzeni explores tiie Fasiern shme of the l^ S., from Wtl- 
minglon. N. C.. to Lahr.idoi- — and names the country New Fi'ance. 

l.");{4-5. Cartier discovers names, mid explores llie(iulfand River of .St. 
La w leiice. 

1.M2. ('aiiier aiil Rih-rvil allemp; to found con vict colonic- in Canada 
and Nova St;oiia. 

lo()2. Coligiiy ^ends Kilian!l wiiii cilonisis toCarolini. 

ir)tJ4. Coiigny sends Lindiooni -r- wiih colonists to Florida. 

l.")l)5. CiJigny sends Kihault wiili more c(d)nisis lo Florida. 

15158. De (ionrgues bd an exnediiion against St. Augustine. 

ir>!tS. I, a l.oclie setl les .Saoie Ui iiid wiMi a convict colony. 

l(;o;i Samuel ( 'liainpl.iin exidoies .Sini.heiii ( in ida and Xoi-tliern New 
Y(nk. 

ItJd."). I'ort Koval, Nov.a Sc.iia, founded ])v < Mi i:n(>laiii and De Mouts in 
llie new iii'oviiice of .\cadi i. 

OTHER IMPORTANT EVENTS IN LATER FRENCH HISTORY. 
Mc. 21. — H)OS. (^'h.-implain founds Quebec. 

KJO'.l. ( 'li iiiipl lin disi-overs and ninvs Lake Ch.impl.iin. 
lull. .Montreal founded by Ciia:nplain. 



14 MAXUAL OF UXITED STA TES HISTORY. 

162(5. The Jesuits explore the Northern shore of Lake Ontsirio. 

1634. The Jesuits explore L;ike Huron and found Missions on Georgian 
Bay. 

1664. The Jesuits explore the South shore of Lake Superior, and first 
learn of the copper mines. 

1668. St. Mary's mission in Michigan founded. 

1672. The Jesuits visit Milwaukee, Chicago and St. Joseph. 

1673. Joliet and Marquette sail down the Mississippi to the mouth of the 
Arkansas. 

1682, La Salle sails down the Mississippi to the mouth, and names the 
country Louisiana. 

1701. Detroit and Kaskaskia founded. 

1702. Mohile founded by Iberville. 
1702-19. Vincennep founded. 
1716. Natchez founded by Crozat. 

1719. Xew Orleans founded by Bienville. 

THE FRENCH CLAIM. 

Skc.22. — 1. 'J"he French explored the Atlantic coast from Wilmington, N. C, 
to Labrador, the Gulf and the River of St. Lawrence, the Great Lakes and 
the eastern part of the Mississippi Valley from the Falls of St. Anthony to 
the Gulf. 

2. Thej' settled at Port Royal, Quebec, Montreal, Detroit, Kaskaskia, 
Vincennes, Xatchez, New Orleans and Mobile. 

3. They explored, and settled jjrincipallv in the north and center, and 
claimed the country indetinitely southward and eastwards under the "lames of 
Acadia in the Xortli, Xew France in th(! East, and Louisiana in die South. 

GREAT FRENCH EXPLORERS AND COLONIZERS. 

Skc. 23. The livesof the following men should be i-arefully studieii, for prin- 
cipally upon theii work rests rhe claim of F'rance toitenitory in America: 

The name of Samckl Chamtlain is so closely cunnected with the early 
history of French exploration and settlement in Americ.i. that he has very 
jjioperly been called "The Father of Xew France." 

The heroic work of Fathkk Makquktte, the greatest of many of the 
French Jesuits in Ameiii-.i, cm never be forgotten; and his nobilit}' of char- 
actei', and grandeur of purpose, tiiark liiui as one of rhe noblest spirits of 
Canadian history. His talents were leniarkable and his character pure and 
holy. The interest in Ins work is destiiied to increase. He is only yet par- 
tially known in American hisioi-v, 

A knowledge of where, when, how and why the French Protestants 
(Hiigenots) t;:une to America will call for a careful study of the life and work 
ot that great Christian soilifr, statc>ni;in and martyr — Coi.KSXV. 

Tilt' work of the luiliriiiii' and eneig<'tic LaSai.lk was to leijalize for- 
France a idMJm to tlie irreat Mississippi N'.iilcy. and to open it up to the stream 
of colonization, rtins laying till' foundation for a great, and as he supposed, 
oiditn'iiij Fri'iicli cutpirc in AnHMien. 

The above sialeuicnts ar<' nor designed to be even ske(ches of the lives or 
work of these great men: t)nt siiiii.'le ^t.-itements desiLTued to show the impor- 
tance of a know ie.l:j;e of tlicii- uoik in relation to French historv in America. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 15 

ENGLISH CLAIM. 

Skc. 24. — 1497. Jno. Cabot iliscovers the mainland of North American on the 
coast of Labrador. 

1498. Sebastian Cabot explored eastern North America from Labrador to 
Chesapeake Bay, or Albemarle Sound. 

1576, Frobisher explores eastern and northern North America seeking a 
northwest passage. 

1579. Francis Drake explores the western coast of North America to San 
Francisco Bay, where he winters and calls tlie conntry New Albion. 

15S;J. Sir Hiunplirey Gilbert, lost at sea while retnrning from Newfound- 
land. 

1584. Raleigh sends Amidas and Barlow to explore the Eastern coast of 
North Amerii-a — the conntrj- called Via. 

15S5. R ileigh sends Greenville, who attempts to colonize Roanoke Island. 

1587. Raleigh sends John White, who tries to colonize Roanoke I>!and. 

1602. Gosnold makes a middle Atlantic passage, discovers and names 
Cape Cod, explores the New England coast and attempts to settle at Eliza- 
abeth Island. 

1603. Martin Pring explores New England coast from Maine to Martha's 
Vineyard. 

1605. VVeyiuoLith explores the coast from Cape Cod to Penobscot Bay. 

ENGLISH CLAIM. 

Sec. 25. — 1. The English tirst discovered the continent of North America, 
and explored the eastern side from Albemarle Sound to Labrador and the 
Pacific coast to San Francisco. 

2. They settled at Portsmouih and Dover, Plymouth, Wetherstield, Prov- 
idence, New York and Albany. Elizabethtown, Philadelphia, Wilmington, 
Chrisiiana, Jamestown, St. Marys, On the (jhovvan. Old Ciiarlestovvn, Savan- 
nah, and man_v other places. 

li. They claimed the counrry imlHtlnitely westward, under the name of 
North and South Virginia in the East, and New Albion in the West. 

The otdy o-»*'i'olonizers of the English were Gilbnit and Raleigh. Gil- 
bert entertained and tried to execute the tirst ti'iie plan tor successtiil coloni- 
zation. His work was c-ontinueil by Sir Walter RMleigh, who did so much to 
make eoionization upon a surer basis in the New World possible. He was one 
of those iMoad-niinded men whose iisterest in the settlement of America, was 
of so much higher kind than that which characterized the adventures of this 
period. His life exhibited remirkable scholarship, and the qualities of a true 
moral character, ami his name deserves to be written higli among the found- 
ers of ihe the new Natitui — Ameiica. 

THE DUCTH CLAIM. 

Skc. 26. — 1607-1611. Voyage of Henry Hudson. 

1607. Hudson exphues Ea.-tern Norih Americ.i, seeking a north-west 
passage. 

1609. Huiison explores Eistern North America. Chesapeake Bay to Long 
Island: entered New York and Newport harbors, and nscetuls Hud-on River 
to Albany. 

1610 Hu.lson. while seeking a N. W. passage, discovers names, and ex- 
plore Hudson Strait and Bay. 



Hi MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 

1614. Adrian Block explores the northern shore of Long Id. and discovers 
the Honsiitonic :ind Connecticut Eivers; explores Narragansett Buy, and east 
to Cape Cod. 

1614. Capt. Cornelius May explores th'." south shore of Long- Id. Sd. and 
the Atlantic coast south to Delaware Bay. 

1614. A settlement made ac the southern end of Manhattan Island — New 
Amsterdam. 

1615. A trading house near Albany. 

1623. A settlement made at Albiny called Ft. Orange. 

DUTCH CLAIM. 

1. The Duteii explored and re-explnred Eastern United States from Del- 
awaie Bay to the Connecticut River. 

2. Tl)ey settled at New Amsterdam, (New York) ; Fort Orange, (Al- 
bany); Brnekelen, (Brooklyn): Wallabont, Ft. Nassau and Bergen. 

o The3'^' claimed, under the name of *' Xevv Netherlands." the country 
between the Delaware and Connecticut Rivers. 

Although the Spanish, French and English at first recognized to a certain 
extent, each other claims the territory. These claims, in the course of time, 
interfered with CMch other. The French claim oveidapped the northern and 
western part of Virginia, the Spanish the northern and eastern part, while the 
English claim overlapped the Spanish in the West; and the feeble claim of th« 
Dutch struck into the middle of tlie English. The English would never for 
*^*ne moment allow tliis claim, and dispossessed the Dutch at their earliest op- 
portunity. 

These i-ival claims necessarily produced mucli confusion, ;ind tiierein were 
sown the seeds of the many inter-colonial wars, that so blot, and stain the his" 
lory of a later period. 

The following (quotation l)est tells tlie condiliou <-if the country about the 
close of ihiseai'ly period of Discovcrv and Explorations: 

KJl.'J. " [li^rt' lay the sh;ig>:y Continent from Florida to tlie Pole, ont- 
stitTched in saviige slunilier. On the banUs of the .lames River was a neSf; 
of u-oe-begon(! Englislinien, a band full of fur-traiiers at the mouthof the 
Hudson: (bands of haughty and indolent Sp:ini;irds .-ir St. Augustine, Santa 
Fe and San Diego); a tVw shivering Frenchmen among tlie snow-drifts of 
Acadia (at Port Royal), while amid still wilder desolation, Cbamplain upheld 
'he biniiei- of France over the icy laKik of Quebec. 

'i'li((-(' were tin; .advance guard of civili/aiion, the mt-ssengers of i)romise 
to adesert continent ; yei, not content with inevitable woes, they were rent by 
petty Jealousies and miscrabie ()uaiiels. W'hih-each lUt le fragment of natimi- 
alitics, just able to keep up its own wretched existence on a lew s(piaie miles 
begiiiili;-i'd to all the rest the sinal'fst share in a domain which all the nations 
of F,iro|u' cold I not siiltice to fill." — Parkinan. 

Thci;icat want of the latter part of the liftiientb century was a siiorier, 
safer and clii'ipcr route to Iiidii, the great Eastern mart of trade. (Tcnoa, 
Floieni-e ami V^ciii'-e long control!, 'd the Overland loute to India by gaining 
possession of its Ivistern terminus at the AV'esrern end of the Mediterrane.an 
Sea, and soon I lirou:ili ibis Iralli', i1h'\- l)ciMme the i-liief in tritiujc niiioU' of 
E'li-op". Spun and Poi'f U:; 1 1 , t o g ti n t li is ti'adc, attempt to discuvei' <lioi-ter 
route-; liy writer. <'olnui!)us, in his discovcrv ot' Ameiici, thoughr lie had 
found .\sia, and the ^lio|M and saf.' W.'stei'u route thir.i'r. Pntngd, -ecing 
the ap;)irent success of Spain, <li)nbles Afric i under Do (i mi i in (1498) and 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 17 

thus orains a South-eastern route to India. But future Spanish explorations 
sliowed that Columbus had not found Asia; hence, Magellan, bearing off to 
the South West in (l.")20). di-covers the Soutli West route around South Amer- 
ica. Tht-st; two new routes, 5>round Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn, were 
neither shorter nor safer than the old Overland route to the East Indies. 
Hence there was nothinjj (jiiii""'!- 

The English, French and Dutch, anxious to obtain a share of the rich 
trade of India, and seeing: the failures of the Spanish and Portugese, are un- 
willing to sail toward Asia, through waters claimed l\v the Spanish or the 
West because explored bv Columbus, Ball)oa and Magellan and by tlie Portu- 
gese on the East; because explored by Diaz, De Gama and tiieir comrades, nat- 
urally turn in their exploration-; ton ard the Arctic Ocean, and seek a North- 
nest Passage. 

The French tirst seek tliisroiirc under Verrazzani in 1524. The Span- 
ish, failing in the South-wcsr, s^Mld Gomez, a companion of Magellan, to the 
North-west in 1525. The French again try under Cartinj-, in 1534-5; and 
still much later in 1670; the great exidorer. La Salle, in his explorations, 
searclies louij and earnestly for an over-land route from Canada to China. 

The English under Frobisher in 1570, try this route, atrain in 1583 under 
Gilhort ip lHOr, under Huiison, and siill later under Captain Smith 1608-9; 
who explores the rivers (Mni)tyiiig into (Jhesapeaki- Bay, vainly endeavoring to 
find a passage to the Sou'h Sea — Pacific Ocean. Not content with this, they 
turned in an er.tiiely new direction, and ■^ent Hudson, in 1008, to tlnd a pas- 
sage north of Europe throuirh the Aitic Ocean. Being unsuccessful, they 
send Hudson to the Xovth-wesr a^ain in KSlt). 

Not content witii ciforls to lind a sliort route from Europe to Asia by 
water, the Spanish and iOuixIish trv to find a d issjiae from the Pacitic Noi-tb- 
cast into the Atlantic. The Spanish under Alarcon in 1541, and under Ca- 
brillic in 1542: and the English umler Drake, 1579. 

These several much j^onght p issa'j^es were not found till late in the nine- 
teenth C'^iitury. 

'I'he safe, shoir, and spci^ly ronre lo India \v is not gained until the build- 
ing of the Central Pacific Railroad in 1809. which linked the two great steam- 
shij) lines from Europe to America, and fri>m San Francisco to China. From 
Europe to Ameiii-a in seven days. F^roni the Atlantic to Pacific in five days 
more : and across rlie Pacific to China ii! twenty more. The whole trip in 
thirty-two days : thus i» realized, rliongli -o louij in realization, the darling 
desire of the tlfteenlli <'ennny. .i short route to India. 

THE PERIOD OF SETTLEMENTS. 1607-89. 

lulroiluctidii : 

"At the (dose of rhe former uerio I, .ViumI'- i vv is neirly in the s ime con- 
dition a< when C>>Inmhus t"onnd ir. It was still an almost unbroken wilder- 
ness. The few settlmnent^ which had existed, we?-e of a commercial or tran- 
sient ujiture: and it had entereil the Europi' m mind that here was to be the 
seat of great states. But tiow ili;it giffintic commercial (Mi-operations had 
come into vogue, witli powers of colonization and goveiinnenr, the woik of 
settlement was ready to hegiu. T!ie State Builders were now ready to enter 
on tlieii' labors." — Taylor. 



18 MAXUAT. OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 

TOPIC OUTLSME FOR VIRGINIA. 

1. GRANTS OF T.AND.— (1) 'I'i iiic— April 10^ IGOG. 

2. By whom, Kiiiii' J.iiiio.s I., of En<il,iii(l. 

3. To wlioin — Lon Ion county. tVoni ;jP to 38^ soiitli latitiule, called 
Sonili Vii-oiiii;i. Plyiiioiitli county from 41^ to 45^ north latitude, called 
North Virginia. Botii companies from 38° to 41° — Intermediate Territory. 

, 4. Law. The companies must not plant any settlements in this common 
territory within two hnndivd miles of each other. 
I. The Companies. 

1. Tiie London Com))any, an association of nobles, j^entlemen, and mer- 
chants of the city of London was <;ranted the land from Cape Fear to the Po- 
tomac. 

2. The Plymoniii f 'ompany, composed of ^imihu• classes from the city of 
Plymouth wa-i granted the land from New York City to Halifax. 

3. The Superior Council — Appointed by the King, to I'eside in London, 
and have general control of colony. 

4. 'I'he Inferior Conncil — Appointed by the King, to reside in the colony, 
and liave control of local affairs. 

5. 'I'h'' Stoi'khohlers. — Those persons who fnrnished the money for plant- 
ing the cuioiiy, and who expected to reap tlie [)rotlts of the enterprise. 

(J. Aiirecnient. — The Companies must ])av to tlic King one-tiftli of all 
gold, and one-ilffeenth of all silver lonnd within the territory. 

7. The (Joionists. — ?iliist hold all proi)eiTy in coiumon five years, and 
have ail tii.^ rights and privih'ges of Englishmen. 

III. Fonnding of Virginia. — (1) Tin.', 1007. (2) Place, Jamestown. (3) 
So-called in honor of .James I. 

4. Founde!' — ( 'lirisrophe?' New|)ort. 5. Xun)hcr of colonists. 120. 6. 
L;iter Leader — Caplaiu .John Smith. 

IV. The ■' 'idoni-^ts. — 1. Character: idle, wastefnl, lazy, and improvident. 
2. ChiSses: I wel\-e common laborers, six masons, six bhudvsnuths, sevei-.-d par- 
doned crindnais, .and forty-eio-ht "nseless gentlemen." 

3. Purposes. — To dig goid, trade u ii h, .and plnnderthe Indi.ans. To get 
wealth and rcl ni n home. 

4. Sickness. — By .autmnn, f.indne. (1i-i'a-;(\ want of ])roper shelter and 
elolhing, and food swept away one-half their nmnber. 

\^. Ca|)tain .Tohn Snnih. — 1. History fscc any ti'xt i)ook.) 2. Work fa) 
cnliiwateil the friendship of ihe Indirins, and llni^ 2'ot needrd sii|)|)lies of food. 
(b)'l''anghl tlie gentlemen how to work, and ;dl how to hnild houses, ami ,a fort. 
(c) Explored c.arefnily f'hes-iiM'.ake P. ly, .and i ts alllnenrs. (d) Made the tir-t 
map of the con ntry. (e) Smnniary — save I (lie colony from nun. (f) IMotto. 

4. .\dventiires in the colony. See any text-liool<. 

VI. The (;o\ (Miiment. — 1. The lirst (diarter >>r;inted in KKKi, recognize 1 
the right of the KiiiL;- lo m.ike .ill l.aw-:, and aijpnint all olliccrs. •_'. The second 
tdi.artei', granted in KioO, cha•l^■ed tlu^ local conncil to a (lovernor; bnt the 
King still apiioints him. ('.]) The ihiid ( Inriec, ^'ranted in 1(^2. rdlowed the 
stock In lid ers. who had :i II 1 he time lo^t inoiie\- In >-iiper'^( de the So pi rif>r ( 'onii- 
cil, and Lake full cnntMd i.f the <()'oiiy. r 1 ) First Cohmial .\ssend)ly — (a) 
Time. 1610, 14. |il.iie. .I.nne-town. fc* liy whom called — Governor Yeardlev, 
a kiml and libeinl m.an. (il) I'nrpose : in let the culoidsts '■have a hand in 
e;ovcn)ing them.-elve.-." (e) Comiiosition, made up of the Governor, his local 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 19 

coiincil Jind t\vent\-t\vo deputies, (Burgesses) chosen from the eleven districts 
fborougiis) of tlie colony, (f) Laws : Of the asseniblj- had to be latitied by the 
company in. Enol.unl. hut, in turn, the orders from London were not binding 
nnless ratified by the colonial assembly'. 

0. A written conslitntion was granted in 1621, to define the rights of the 
colonists — the first ever given to America. 

G. Virginia niaile a Royal Province 1G24. The stockholders had been 
gradually granting to llic coioni.^ts the same rights for which they were strug- 
gling at tiiat time ill Kngliiid; atid t!ie King, fearing the growth of the liberty- 
loving -iiirit madi' the colony a r'dval province. 

VI. InDIaX liKI.ATIO.NS. 

1. .Mai liage of Pocahontas, (a) Time, (b) Place, (c) To whom, (d) 
By whom, (e) (Mrcumstances. (f) Baptismal name, (g) Journey to Eng- 
laiiii. Time. Jteceplion. Deatii. Descendants. One and two. 

2. Indian .Massacres of 1022 and 1644. 

(a) Wiiere. (1)) Ev.'iifs. (c) Loss, (d) Results. 
Vfll. Prosperity and growth of the colony. 
1. Occupations. 2. Products. 'A. Export*. 

IX. .\CCliSSIONS TO THE COLONY. 

1. Bond sei'vants. (a) Paid what? (b) Law. (c) Time. 

2. Convicl-. ',a) N(o. (b) Tiim-. (c) Cause, (d) Result. 

."{. Women, (a) Time. (Ii) Number, (c) Why. (d) Ettect. 

4. Xegro slaves, (a) Time, (h) Place, (c) By whom, (d) Number. 

X. Period of Oppression, (1651, 1672, 1733.) 

1. .\;ivigaiioM r^aws. — What. No. Purpose. Effect. 

2. The action of the Royalist Assemldy. (a) Time, (b) Ofliee-holding. 
(c; Salaries, (d) Fining of t)nakei-s. 

3. Origin of Parties, (a) What, (b) Composition. 

XL Bai-oii's R,-bellion. 1. 'fime. 2. Place. 3. Leader. 4. Cause. 5. 
Events. 6. Effects. I)atc<. 

XII. Impoitant Duties in flie History of Virginia : 

1. Graiiliuii- of the liist cliarler 1606 

2. .Sell leiiii'iit of .1 allien tow II 1607 

:i. Sec.ind chiilei- — llie cliange ... 1609 

4. (iiaiit of land extended — now 34° to 41° iioi-th latitude 1609 

ii. Third liiarter — the change 1612 

<!. Fir-t colonial ;i>;-eiiib!y 1619 

7. ('illle ami I ion- first brought to Americ-a 1611 

8. (iraiiriiig of a wriMcn Constitution 1621 

9. Negro slavery introduced 1620 

10. Vii'giiiia in-i-omes a Royal Province 1624 

11. First Indian m iss.icre 1622 

12. Second i iidiaii m.i--.i(re 1644 

13. Cotton lir-i hrniiLilir to .\mciica 1621 

14. .V:ivii:a'i"n Law I. A II ^nipln-: products must I)e shipped in Eng- 

lish or cnh.nial ve.-.-.id<. v Air^ii list I lie Dutch) 1651 

15. N'a viii' it ion Law II Allsnf|diis products mnsr he sold to Eng- 

land 1660 

16. N.avieMlion Law III. .Ml needed nroducis mnsr he bought in 

Fiiirland ■ 1663 

17. .Xavigaiion Law IV. .Vll products exchanged lietween colonies 

must pay ilniies 1'j72 



MANUAL OF UN"ITE1> STATES HISTORY. 



IS. Imndi-tMtioii ;i(;L Lnyiiiij exliorbitanr, duties on all molasses, rum, 

.•mil sii<>;;ir imported 1733 

19. Bacon's Ilebelliitn. 1676 

20. Ftiuu(lin<? of William and Maiy CoJle»je 1692 

TOPIC OUTLINE FOR MASSACHUSETTS. 

I. Tile Conncil of Flymoutli. (1) What. (2) When. (3) Territory from 
40° to 48° nortli iattitnde. (4) Xame, New En<:land. 

I. Tlie Pilj^rims. (I) History. (2) Wliy so called. (3) Their voyage. 
(4) Their vessel.*. (5) Aj^reeincnt before landinff. 

6. Charter. 7. Their faith. 

8. Government. 9. Tlieir snfterin;:;s. 

See Parton's Lecture — '"The Piljrrim Fathers as Men of Business." 

III. Foiindin;^ '"f 'he Colony. 1. Ti.-ne. 2. Place, 3. Why so called'? 
4. Number. 5. Soil and climate. 6. Leaders. 

(See Lon^jfellou's" Courtship of Miles Standish.') 

IV. Proorress of the Colony. 

1. Why slow? 2. Occupations. 3. Products. 4. Exports. 

V. Indians. — 1. Tribes — (a) Wompanoai^s in the neighborhood of Plym- 
outh. (It) Xarragansetrs in the neighborhooil of N.irrairansett Bay. 

2. Chiefs. — Massasoit and Canonicus. 

3. Friends. — Samaset and ocjiianto. See Parton. 

VI. Religious Matters. 

1. General intolerance. Ett'eit. 

2. Banishmenr of Roger Williams. Who. When. Where. Why. 
Charges (see Eclectic History, page 63) 

3. Bmishment of Anne Hutchison. Wiio. Where. When. Wh}'. 
Elfecl-. 

4. Persecution of the Quakers. — Who. When. Where. Why, Evei.ts. 
Eliects. 

(Set; New England Tragedies — Longfellow.) 

VII. M:issachuselts Bay Cdony.— 1. When, 2. Where. 3. Founder. 
4. Grant of land. o. Leading settlements, (a) When, (b) Where, (c) Lea- 
ders. 6. Goveriiinenf. (a) Form, (b) Voters. (c) Officers, (d) Taxes. 
7. Church. 

IX. King Pliilip's War. — When. Wheie. Cause. Events. Effects. 

X. Massachust'tts a Royal Province. 

1. NVlieu. 2. Why. 3. Governor — Course. 
4. <iiowth. 

VIII. Union of New England Colonies. — When. Parties. Purpose. 
Power. Title. 

XI. 'I'he .Salem VVii(_'hcr;ift. — When. Where. Urigiii. L<-aders. Events. 
Effects. 

(See New England 'i"ray:Mdies. — Longfellow. ) 

XII. The Planting of Colonii-s. 

1. In till- Coiinecticut valley. Tinn'. LeadtMS. Towns. 

2. On Long Island Soiiml. Tinx'. Leaileis. Towns. 

3. In Rhode Island. Tiini-. Leadc-rs. Towns. 

4. Ill New ll.impshiri'. limi'. Le iders. Towns. 
X111.~LEAI)IN(; LVKNl'S IN IIIE IIISTORY OF .\I ASSACMUSETIS. 

1 . (iiaiit ol iaiiu To Plymout h i-ompany 1606 

2. Council of Plymouth supersedes Plyiiic)iuh company 1620 

3. Graju extended from 40° to 48° north latitude 1620 



MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES HrSTORY. 21 

4. Pilgrims land at PlyrnoiUli 1620 

5. Grant of Iniid to the B.iy Colony 1628 

6. Settlement of Salem 1629 

7. The Governor and charter of Massachusetts Bay broujjht to 

America .1630 

8. John VVintiirop, Sr., founds Boston 1630 

9. Freenn;!! alone vote for majjistrates 1631 

10. A Representative Government orijjinated in the Bay Colony 1634 

11. A Re|)resent.itive Government orijjinated in th*^ Plymouth Colony . 1639 

12. Banishment of Roger Williams ". 1635 

13. Banishment of Anne Hutchison 1637 

14. Harvard Coli<vi;e founded at Cambridge 1638 

15. First printing press brought to America by Stephen Day 1639 

16. Body of liiberties adopted 1641 

17. Union of the Xew England colonies 1643 

18. PiM-seculion of the Quakers 1656-9 

19. King Philip's war 1675-6 

20. Salem Witchcraft ..1692 

21. Made a Royal Pi ince 1680 

TOIMC OUTLINE FOR MAINE AND NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

I. Grant of Land. When. By whom. To whom. Territory and name. 

II. First s(!ttlem(M]|<. When. Wiiere. 

III. 'I'hr pr(<pri('ioi<. Wjio. Worlv. History. 

IV^. Division of tiie territory. Wjicn. Parts. Boundaries. 

V. Setrlt'tueiit of Exetci-. When. Wiiere. By whom. Wiij'. 

VI. L'ni')ns witli .Mi;ss;ichustMts. Wiu-n. Wliy. Ellect. 

VII. -Sale of M;iine. Wjien. Towliinii. By whom. Price. 

VIII. Disputes about N«-w Hampshire. \Vii.it. Wjifii. How settliHl. 

IX. Important events in tludr Idstory. 

1. Grant of Lacoiua to Gorges ;ind Mason 1622 

2. Settlement at Dover and Poitsmoth 1623 

3. .M:i<(!n tiikts ilie woit-rn gnint of llie grant, and culls it New 
Hampshire. Why 1629 

4. Gitrges takes tiie eastern gr:int of the grant, and calls it Maine. 

Why 1G29 

o. Mason gets a gr.int u> New Hampshire 1629 

0. Gorges gets .-i grant to M line 1639 

7. Settlement of Exeier bv Wlieeiw right 1638 

5. New l!:iinp<hire united ;ti .Ma-s.ielinsetis 1641 

9. .M:ii 111* united to Mass.u-hu-eirs . . 1652 

10. .M.issai-liiiseiis buys out' (jemge's heirs for $6,000. 1677 

11. The Geni'r.-il Court >>*' .Ma-saciiu-etts refuses tu cnntirni the claims 

of M.isoirs heirs to Mass.i.-liuserts 1681 

TOPIC OUTLINE FOR CONNECTICUT. 

1. Gi .ant of Teriitury. — What. 'I'o whoin. By whom. When. 'Tr.aiis- 
fi-r. Wbei e. 'To wluim. 

II 'The I'liree Colonies.— What. When. Wlieie. 

ill. Tlie ConueiTieiir towns. — Number. When. Wliei-.-. Leaders. L^n- 
ioii. Wli.'ii What. 'Their Constitution. Vokms. EltVct on the Dutch. 

IV. New Haven — When. Wiiere. L ' iders. Voters. Tiie law, Tlie 
Goveriiiiient. Fii-t Governor. Whom. When. Called what. 

V. Sa\ brook — Why ^oeilled? When. Where. Founder, charter and 
work. Sale' of. Winn. 'Vo whom. 



23 MAXUAL OF UXTTED STATES ITISTOPvY. 

VI. Unions — 1. Of the Cuniieetictit tuwiis ill 1639 

'2. '• " colony iviid Xew Hiimpsliire in. 1665 

[ti] Parties ifl e.-a-li. [h] >l"anin. [r] Piirpo-c. 

VIII. Tlie Dutuii Seltleniunts— When. Where. Xame. Work. Why 
broken up? 

IX. Iiulian Kelations. 

1. Tribes in tiie nei2;lihoi hood. 2. Cirefs. 3. Pcqiiail war. When. 
Where. C iiise. Events. Eflects. i. Condnct of tiie Mohcijans and Xaira- 
gan<etts. Why? 

X. Important dates in the History of Connecticnt. 

1. Grant of Conneetient to T<:irl of Warwick .1630 

2. Tr.-insferred of Coniieelient to Lords Say and Seal, and Brooke. 

and John Hampden _.1631 

3. Settlement of Wetht-rstield ) 1634 

4. " \Viii(lyor |- The Conneetient towns, 1635 

5. " Hartford ) 1636 

6. Peqnad war '. 1637 

7. Settlement of Saybrook l)y John Wintlirop, Jr 1636 

8. Settlement of New Haven hy Eaton and Davenport. . 1638 

9. The Connecticut towns adopt a Constitntion, and nnite nndia- one 

government called the Connecticnt eolonj' 1639 

10. Saybrook colony sold to Connecticnt colony 1644 

11. Bonndary settled with the Diitcli — [where] 1651 

12. John Wiiithrop t)btains a very liberal Royal charter 1662 

13. Union of Connecticut colony and New Haven 1665 

14. Bonndary between New York and Connecticnt settled. .• 1683 

15. Andros demands the Royal charter .1687 

16. The General Conn ordered to meet al(ernat<dy at Hartlord and 

New II avei I 1 70i 

17. Foundinjr of Yale College 1702 

lOPIC OUTLINE FOR RHODE ISLAND. 
I. Banishment of Williams from Massachusetts. 

I. When. 2. Why. 3. Effect. 4. Charges. 

II. Fonnding of Providence. — 1, When. 2. Where. 3. ^Vliy soc.-dled? 
4. Fonnder. 5. Land, how obtained ? 6. Government. 7. Faith. 8. Name. 

III. Banishment of Anne Hutchison. — 1. When. 2. Where. 3. Why. 
4. Effect . 

IV. Fonnding of Portsinonth and Newport. — 1. When. 2. Where each. 
3. Leaders. 4. Land how obtained. 5. Government. 6. Faith. 

V. Union of Colonies.— 1. When. 2. Parties. 3. Charter. When. By 
vvhoni. Its lilterality. 4. Decl.ii.itiniis. 5. Conduct of Massachusetts. 

VI. Important D.iie-. 

1. Roger Williani>! banisheil troui Mas-achusett- .■ 1635 

2. '• '• founds PrnvidenCe 1630 

3. Anne Hutchiu>(in t)anislied from Massachusetts" 1637 

4. '• •' ;ind Wiiji.-iiu Coiliiiugtnn found Port.-moui h . . . 1638 

5. •' " '' '• •■ Xewpiur .1639 

6. Rlmde Island :id()pts a Deniocraiic guNiMiiuu-nt 1647 

7. Williams ol)tai us a charter of incorp'U-.itinu in 1644 

8. " •■ a Royal eh lYler in 1663 

9. Brown Universilv (Rhode Island college 'i fonnditl .it Providence. 1764 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 23 

TOPiC OUTLINE FOR NEW YORK. 

L The niitrli cxploi-atioiis. [See Dutoli claim.] 

II. hutch yraiit. When. To whom. By wliom. Territory. Name. 

III. Dutch scttiemciits. 

1. New Amsterdam [Now York] in 1614 

[a] VViiere. [b] Lcailcr. [c] Purchase of land. Amount and price. 

'2. Von Nassau [Delaware River] in 1623 

3. Fort Oraiio-e [Albany] in 1023 

4. Wahlehucht [\Vallal.out]1in 1626 

"). Bruekelen [Brooklyn] in .. .-. 1626 

IV". Dutch Governors.'— Tirle. Number. Time. Work. 

1. Peter Minutes 162G'] See Knickerbocker 

2. Walter Van Tiiiller 1033! History of 

3. Willi;im ivcllf • 1038 j New York. 

4. I'cier Stuy vcsant . 1647 J — Irving. 

[a] Treatment nt Imliaus. [b] Dealings with the English, [c] Conquest 
of New Sweden. When. \Vhy. 

V. Patrnon Estates — Wcie granted by the Dutch West India Company 
in 102'J, to any person who would within tour years plant a eolonj' of fifty 
persons in the grant. The estates wi^vi' to have a frontage of sixteen miles on 
any rivtu-, and in extend back indertuitely therefrom. Two of these estimates 
were granled on llie Hudson, and two on the Delaware. 

[See anti-rent diliiculties 1840] 

VI. Uiant to the Duke of York.— 1. Who. 2. When. 3. By whom. 4. 
Terriioiy. 

VII. Conquest by the English.— 1. When. 2. By whom. 3. Circuin- 
.-l.ances. 4. Result. 

\'I1I, Knglisli Knh'. — Governors. Mode of Government. 2. Progress of 
the colony. 3. Their st iHiggles did what? 
IX. liiipoitJiit Dates. 
1(JU7. lliOS.ind 100'.)— Voyages of Henry Hudson. 

2. Voyage of ( '.aptain .May 1611 

3. '• Adrian Block 1614 

4. Setl lenient of Ne"' .Vmslerd.im 1614 

."). Settlements of Forts Orangi- and Nassau 1623 

0. •• Brooklyn and Wallabout 1626 

7. Grant of New Nei Inula ud- lo Ducli We-t India Compiny 1621 

5. '• P,itro(ui est le^ tiy •• '• '■ '■ 1029 

it. Peti r- Minutes ui.ide Directo.' 1626 

10. W.ilter \'.in Tu iller made Din.H't(U' 1629 

1 1 . Willjiim Keith made Dir.c|o|- 1638 

12. Peter Siu\ves;int made Director 1647 

13. Charles 1. lir.anis N%-w N.-therlands to the Duke of York 1664 

14. Tlie Eni:;li>h c >u<pH-r Xexv N.Mherhinds 1004 

]."). 'i'he Diiieh ri--eiMiquer New Yoik al673 

10. Dongan aitpoiuted Gov(U-uor. and a ch.arier of lih'-rtii-s adopted . .1683 
17. The Govi mors I f \'iii:inia and New York couelude a treaty of 

pi'aci- w ii h I he lra(|Uoi< 1684 

15. Negro ploi , ■•• ^"^^^ 

I'J. Founding of Columbia college ': 17oi 



24 MAXUAL OF UXITED STATICS HISTORY. 

TOPIC OUI'LINE FOR NEW JERSEY. 

I. Diitcli SetlleuiHiits. — 1. At Beij^eii near mouth of tin; IIiul?oii in 1618. 
2. Ar Fort X;is-!<iu on tlie Delaware, near Philadelphia in 1623. 

II. Early En!;li>li Settlements. 

1. Under whose authority and grant ? 2. Where and when. 3. Why i!0 
so called ? 

III. Grant of New Jersey. — 1. To whoni. 1 and 2. By whom? Wliy so 
called? 4. Boundaries. 5. Previous grant to these proprietors. What. 
Wiien. 6. Settlement. When. \Vhere. Why so called? 

IV. The Concessions — 1. What. 2. By whom. 8. To whom. 4. When. 
5. Governor. Who. AVhen. 

V^. Growth of the Colony — Reasons. 1. A liberal constitution. 2. Fer- 
tile soil. 3. E(pial)le climate. 

NI. Sale of We-Jt Jersey— 1. When. 2. To whom. 3. Why. 4. Subse- 
quent History. .0. Quaker settlements. Salem in 1675, and Burlington 1676. 

VII. Jers( y Dividend-1. When. 2. Why. 3. Boundary line. 4. Names 
of parts. 5. Proprietors of each. 

VIII. Sale of West Jersey — 1. When. 2. To whou). 3. Former Pur- 
chase. 4. Price. 5. By whom. 

IX. The Jersevs till the Revolution. 

1. The QuMiicr rule. B irclay Governor 1682-90 

2. Andros' aihninistration 1681-1688 

3. Periodsof quarrels— Why. How settled 1692-1702 

4. Union with New York — When. Wli\. 

5. Hisiorv as a Royal Province. 
X. Important Dates. 

1. (irant of New Jersey to Berkely and Carteret 1664 

2. English Puritans founil Elizabethtown 1664 

3. Connecticut people loiind Newark 1666 

4. Berkeley sells West Jersey to English Quakers 1674 

5. Division of Jersey into East and West Jersey 1676 

6. The lieirs of Carteret sell I^ast Jersey to the English Quakers. . . .1682 

7. All proprietors surrender their claim to tiie crown, and New 

Jersey made a part of New York 1702 

8. New .lersey made a Royal Province 1738 

n. Colle;;re of New Jersey founded 1746 

TOPIC OUTLINE OF DELAWARE AND PENNSYLVANIA. 

I. Grant of New .Sweden — 1. When. 2. To wliom. 3. By whom. 4. 
rerritory. .5. N.auie. 

II. Svveili,-li S.'tr|piiuMit> — 1. At C'lirisiiana in 1638. Where. Leader. 
Founder. 2. Tinicnn Isl.-nid in the Del;iw:ire near Philadelphia in ,. .1641 

III. Conquest by the Dutch. 

1. WhfMi. 2. Leader. 3. R.'snlf. 

IV. Transferred to Pennsylvania — 1. When. 2. By whom. 3. Name 

V. Grant of Pennsylvania to Penn — 1. WIumi. 2. Cir<-un>sl:inces. 3. 
Territory. 4. Furth(M- <rr.inr. What. When. ."). Name. Why. 

VI. Sketch of Penn — 1. Who. 2. Education. 3. Social position. 4. 
Rt'liirjoiis idc.is. ."). Purpo>e in obtiiniuof a irrant. 6. History in England, 
and the .Jeiscvs, 

VI. Founilinjz' of the Oolony — 1. Trtvituient of the <'ailier colonists. 2. 
Indian policy. The ti'eacy. Effect. 3. Philadelphia lonnded. When. 



MANUAL OF I XITED STATES HISTORY. 25 

Where. Growth. Why so cMlled? 4. The "jreat law. What. When. Where, 
and hy whom enacted? Provision. 

VII. F^irtlier History — 1. Penn's return to England. When. Direc- 
tions. 2. The visit i<> tlie colony. When. Reception. 3. Delaware secedes. 
When. Why. Rc>nlt. 4. Pennsylvania hnys out the heirs of Penn. (a) When, 
(b) Price. 

IX. I'onndirii!; ot Pennsylvania I'niversity. 

I. When. 2. Where. 3. By whom. 4. Other work of its founder in ihe 
cause of education. 

X. Important Dates. 

1. Settlement of < 'liristiana hy Swedes 1638 

2. Settlement nl 4"inicum Island hy Swedes 1641 

3. The Dutch un<ler Stuyvesant conquer New Sweden 1655 

4. Grant id' Pennsylvania to William Penn by Charle:* 1 1681 

5. Penn sends over MaiUhani with colonists 1681 

6. Grant of Delaware to WiHi,im Petm hy Duke of York 1682 

7. Willi;im Penn foutnU Philadelphia 1683 

8. " " returns to England 1684 

!). Secession of Delaware from Pennsylvania 1691 

10. Penn visits i he colon v 1699-1701 

11. Pennsvlvini.i buys out Penn's heirs for $580,000. 1779 

P_*. Fianklin lonnds the I'niversity of Pennsylvania 1749 

roPK OL 'I'LIXK FOR MARYLAND. 

I. Gi-aiit of land — I. When. 2. 4'owliom. 3. Confirmed to whom. 4. 
By whom. ."). Pnii)ose in obtaining a grant. 6. Why so called ? 7. Charter. 
Libeialiiy. S. Remonstrance ol Virginia. Wliy. 

I. Setthnnenf of Maryland — 1. When. 2. Where. 3. Founder. 4. 
Leader, o. Size. (J. Growl h. 7. Religion. 8. (Government. 

II. Civil Wai's ill the Colony — 1. Clay home's rebellion (1635-1645). Who. 
Why. Seitlements. Events. Re-nll-. On Baltimore, and (m Clavbonie. 
2. Keli^ioiis war (l(i52-60). Cause. Parlies. Events. Results. 

i \'. 4'idei ation Act. 

1. What. 2. When. 3. Declar.uioii. 4. P'.llect. 

\'. l'ioiii)le ot the Baltimoies. 

1. Wlien? 2. Whaiy .!. IF. w sett le 1 V 4. L Uer Act. 

\' I. Mason anil I )ix!)n Fine 1763-7 

1. Wliai'r 2. Why esial)lished':' 3. By Whom? 1. Later History. 
\' I I • linpoi taiii D.ite-. 

1. (Jrant ot .Maryland H. ( Jeorge ( 'al vert 1632 

2. (iraiil ot' .Maryland toi'eril t'alveit 1634 

3. Setlleiiieiil ol Sf . Marys b\- Fi'onard Calve it. 1634 

4. ri.iyl nie'< Rebtdlioii 1635-45 

5. The Religions War 1651-60 

6. The Toleration Alt 1649 

7. .Maryland made a Royal Frovince 1691 

8. .Maiy lanii Resiined lo ilie Baliiincu-e 1715 

9. .Mason and Dixon Fine tixed 1763-7 

roPK OFl'FIXF Viill I'HF CAK'OFIXAS 
1. S.-nlemeiit witliout Grants. 1. By Viriiini ms at mouth of Cliowan 
River J651j'/ 2. Bv X^ew Eimland— crosses at mouth of l.;ai)e Fear River, 1661. 



36 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

I!. Giant of Carolina. 1. First Grant. When? To whom? By whom? 
Te r ri to ry ? E ffeet ? 

2. '.'econd Gr;int. When? To whom? B\' whom? Territory? VVhy 
so callefl ? 

3. Tiiinl Grant. When? By whom? Towliom? Why? 

III. Albi^marle Colony. 1. When? 2. Where? By whom? 4. Governor. 

[V. Clarendon Colony. 1. Wlien? 2. Where? 3. By whom ? 4. Gov- 
ernor, r). Later History. 

V'l. The City of Charleston. I. When? 2. VVMiere? 3. Aecessions. Who? 
When? Why? No marks. 

XI. Division of Carolina. L When ? 2. Why? 3. Parts? 4. Government? 
VII. North Carolina — Albemarle Colony. \. Source of accession. 2. Dis- 
sensions with the Home Govei-nmeiit. Resistance to navigation laws, 1671. 
4. Administration of Lothel. 1683-8. 5. Products. 
VIII. South Carcdina — Conteret Colonv. 

1. Mfti-e rapid piogress. Why? 

2. Accessions. Who^-' Number? Wcirk? 

3. Stai)le prodnrts : Cotton and Rice. Introduced? When? How? 
Yield? EftVct? 

X. Tuscarora War. 1711-1713. 

1. Cause? 2. Events? 3. Results? On Carolina? on Indiana? 
3. Authors. Tiieir abiliry and character? 

2. Nature of theSchenie? 

3. A failure. Reasons? 
XII. Important Dates. 

1. Grant of Carolina to R()l)t. Htnith in 1630 

2. Grant of Carolina to Seven Noi)lemen 1663 

3. Grant ot ("arolina extended 1665 

4. Albemai-le colony und<.M- Drummond on Chowan River 1651 

5. Clarendon (;olon_v under Yeamans on Cape Fear 1665 

6. (/orteret coluny under Sayleon Ashley and Coper Rivers 1670-80 

7. G r;ind Model dra fted by Loi'kt- and Shaftesbury 1669 

8. Tuscarora War 1711-13 

y, Carolina divided, and the parts made Royal Provinces 1729 

T H K \ 10 W ( "( ) LO X Y— GEO RG I A 

I. Grant of Land — 1. When. 2. To whom. 3. By "hom. 4. How 
lonji? 4. Why >o i-aijcd y fi. I'lMritory. 7. Previous claimants. 

II. Sk( tell of Oiillcihorpe- — 1. Who. 2. Purposi' in obtaining? a Grant ? 3. 
Woik in Enifiand. 

in. l''onndin;r of ihc < 'oloiiy — 1. When. 2. Where. 3. Emitir.ints — 
uuiniHT and <'linraricr. 1. Indian I'olii-' — What Ert'ect. 5. Early regnla- 
lions <d' I hf Tnistecs — elfccts. 

1 \' 1. K(dioions .Matters. 

1. The founding of a Mor.avian Colony. When. Where. 

2. The work of the Wesleys. Who. When. 

3. The work of (ii'o. Whitli.dd. Wh... Wh.-n. 
V . War wiih ih'' Sp.i nianls. 

1. CaUM". 2. Events. .'{. Leader. 4. Results. 
\l. Till' I'i'ogicss uf the ( 'olony. 

1. Reasons for slow growth. 

2. The Colonv made a IJoval Province. Whv. When. 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 27 

3. The Slavery question in Georgia. 
VII. Iinpnrtaiit Dates. 

1. Grant of land to 21 trustees, for 21 years 1732 

2. Foiindino; of Savannah 1733 

3. Oj^lethorpe returns to Enj^land to <rei another colony 1734 

4. The Moravians found Ebenezer 1736 

5. The VVesleys (.) no, and Charles) come to America 1736 

6. George VVJdttield comes to Carolina and Georgia 1738 

7. War with the Spaniards ; 1739-17-12 

8. Oglethorpe returns to England 1743 

y. Gf'orgia made a lioyal Pr-ovince 4752 



REVIEW OF THE PERIODS OF SETTLEMENT. 



1. (iraiii* to T<'nit(>r\'. 

1600— Aca<lia grititt'd to DeMunts hy King of France, 40°lo46° north 
lattimde. 

IGOCt— Xorfii Viiginia gr.-iiitcd to the Plymouth Company by King James 
I., of Eiigiainl, 41^ to 45'^ north lattitiidc. 

1606 — South Virginia granted to the London Company hy King James I., 
of Eiiicland, 34° to 38° north lartitnde. 

ItiOtj — lntermedi;;te 'I'tMiitory grai-fd hy King James I. to both Com- 
panies, 38° lo 41° north laititiide. 

160'J — Virginia granted to London Company by King .lames 1., of Eng- 
land, from 34° to 41° north iattitiide. 

1(520 — Xew England gr.anied to the Conncil of Plymouth bv James I., 40° 
to 48° north latiliide. 

1621 — Xova Scotia, .I:ini''< I., Sir \Villiam Alexanih'r by .fames I., from 
the Saint Lawrence lo ijie Saint ("lojx. 

1620^\eu Xctheilands gi-anled lo the Dutch West India by Holland, 
from the i»chi\\:iic Itiver- to the < 'oiineci lent Rivei'. 

li!2:i — Lacouia gianled to (iorncsand Mason by the Council of Plymouth, 
from the Meiiimu- !• ihe Keneliec liivci. 

162!) — New llamp-hire gianteil lo Ma^on by the Conncil of Plviiionth, 
from the Merrimac to tlie Salmon l''all>. 

I(i3() — Connecticut gianted to Kai 1 of Warwick by the Council of Plym- 
suth. from Xanag lus^'tt Bay. 120 mile< v\c-i alonir the S(uind. and north to 
Massachusetts. 

I(i31 — Conneciicni i r in- teii-ci| to Lord Say and Seal, and Lord Brooke. 

1632 — M:M\lanil granieil i..(;e(Ui:e Calvert by Chailes I. The land on 
both side- of ( 'liesape.ike Hay, Irom the Potomac River east to Delaware Bay, 
and Kiver. and the .Mlaclic Oci'an. and noith lo 40° north latitude. 

1634 — Maryl.and conii lined to < 'ceil Calvert. 

1628 — Massachuseits Bay giaiUcd to Jolin Kinlicoti and otiiers. from three 
miles sonih of .luy part of the Charles to tiirec mile- iH^-th of any part of the 
Merrimac liiver. 



28 MANUAL OF UNITED STA'I'ES HISTORY. 

1G39 — Maine gnmted to Gorg-es by tlie Council of Plymontli, from the 
Salmon Falls River to rlie Kennebec. 

16G3 — Carolina jjiantcd to seven noblemen by Charles I., from the Saint 
John River in Florida to 3(J'^, north latitude. 

16G4— New York to the Duke of York by Charles I., from the Delaware 
to the Connecticut, and from the Saint Croix to the Kennebec. 

1664 — New Jersey to Rerki^ley ami Carteret by the Duke of York, from 
the Delaware to the Hudson. 

1681 — Pennsylvania si;iMnteil to William Penn by Charles 11., of Eno^land. 
The land west of Delaw;ire River, frinn the opean ocean below Cape Henlopen 
to 43° north latitude, .-ind westward 50. 

1682 — Delaware i;ranted to William Penn l)y the Duke of York. [The 
three lower counties on the Dehiware.] 

1732 — Georgia granted to twenty-one rrnstees for twenty-one years by 
George II., of England, from the Siivannah to the Altamaha River. 

1749 — Ohio granted to the Ohio Company by George II.. of England. 
Made up of live linndred thousMud acres to he located on the north bunk 
of the Ohio, between the K;ma\v;i and Monongehela Rivers. 

The Ohio Com|)a,iiy was comp )scd of Governor DinwiJdie, George Wash- 
ington, Augustus Washington, ;ind 'i'liomas Lee. 

I— ENGLISH RULERS OF THE COLONIAL PERIOD. 

Eliz.ilieth — (15.58-]G()3) .Authorized the adventures of Frobislier, Davis, 
Dr.ikc, Gib(Mt, and Raleigli. 

Jaine- I — (l()03-lG2o) Gave ch irters to the r>oiidon and Plymouth Com- 
panies; mad(^ [iw< for Vii gini:i ; wr.>f(^ :i eo I'lr'-rbla-it again<f tobacco; olfeuded 
English Purit;ins, who took refuge in Holland and .\merica. 

Charles I — (1625-1G49) Gave a charter to Ma-;sa(diusetts. ;md a pro|)rietary 
patent for Maryland ; at the end of the ci\"i! war with Pailiiiment, was tried, 
conilemncd and beheaded. 

('Iiarles II — (1GG0-1G8.")) G;i vc popubir cliirters ro Connecticut and Rhode 
Island; proprietary patents for;dl the countrx- e;ist of the Kennebec, and south 
of till- < 'onnecticiit as f;ir a< Floriila, .lud tiie Mi-sissippi; renewed tJK; Xaviga- 
tioii nets w hicli liore so heivily on the colnnii's. 

The < 'onunonv\ crdl h - i ( '1 nuiwcll} lGri(l-](j(iO i)ass ;ind rigidly enforce 
Navigiiion !>;i\vs. (ire;!! \\;ir with lloll.iiid. IVrseeulion of ("atlioiics in 
Maryland. 

.J.iuic's 1 — ('l(i8.")-1688) .\s Duke of 'S'drk. pi'opr'ietor of e;i*tern M.iryland, 
New York mul New Jcr>ey ; .-is King, sen Is Andros to gitvern ail tin' t'olouies 
east of 1 lie Dclaw.-ire. 

Willinm 111 — (U),s9-17()2) and Mary 1. r]G.S9-lG94) (•.■iII.mI 1)v th<- Wliig< to 
the I hronc, ghidly proclaimed hy.edlduies. (J;ive achnrur to Wilii;im nnd 
Mary ( 'ollegi'. 

,\nnie — (17(*2-I714) Take-: m contra 't for -Mp|ilying the Sp.inish ^\'cst 
Indies Willi slaves. Sends Lord Cornhury to govern \e\v York. 

(ieoi-o'e I — (1714-1727) Elector of H.'i'iover in (ierniany. 

Georirell — (1727-17()0) (Jrants Geoigi.i to Oglethorpe in "Irnsr for tlie 
])oor." Has a part in the war of .Vustiaan Sncci'-'^iou, kno\\ii in Ami'rica by 
bis ninnc. 

(ieoige III — (17(;0-1820) Of (icsuoiic temper, but loyally regarded by 
AmcricMus. 

fFclectic ili^lorv.l 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY 






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30 MANUAT> OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

COLONIAL PROGRESS. 



1. R;ite of settlement. 

II. Great object in colonization. 

III. Obstiieles in the way ol' eoloniz'ition. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. 

IV. Population of tlie colonie> in 1889. [a] New En<>-lan(l. [b] Middle. 

[c] Sonth. [c] Nationalities. Leadiiiii' one. 

V. Occupation* — 1. Farminj?. [a] Method, [b] Products, [c] Frnits. 

[d] Labor in the Xortli. In the Sonth. Growth of labor. 

2. Manufacturing — [n] Where. [b] Products, [c] Why so slow. [d1 
Nature. 

3. Commerce — fa] Coasting trade. What, [b] Fishing. Where, [c] 
Exports, [d] Imi)orts. 

4. Ship building. Where. Number. 

VI. Money — 1. At first. Corn, tobacco, furs, bullets, wampun. 2. 
Later. English and foreign coins. Massaijlinsetts mint. Where. Pay. 
Pine-tree shilling;. First paper money. When. 

3. Federal money. When. Kinds. 

VI. Means of Travel. • 

1. On foor, and on horseback. 

"i. Coasting sloops. 

3. Wagons .-iiid ooaches. 

4. The ro.uls of the time. 

VIII. Manners, customs and morals. 

1. Mode, and .•irrieles nf dress. 

2. Titles. "WlMt. Effect. 

3. Ami'senienrs and pleasures. 

4. Home lile of I be colonists. [;i] Houses, [b] Furniture, [e] The 
kitchen. J^d] Food, [e] Drink, [f] A standard dinner. 

5. Morality. Its standard. 

IX. AfiMcan slavery. 

1. Introduction. When. Where. By whom. 

2. Slave trade in Europe. 

3. 'J'lie staple products in the South. 

4. Slavery in the North and South. 

X. The treatment of the Indian. 

1. By Columbus. 2. By DeAyllon. 3. By C;irtier. 4. In the VVest 

Indies. Hayii. .5. I'lie spread of the news of their wrongs. Effect. 0. By 

Penn, Oglethoi|)e, and the Fi-ench Jesuits. 7. The Pniitans and the iMlians. 

8. The ri'al causes of Indian afi'oeity. 

I). TliH Indian Apostle, [a] Who. [b] Where, [c] When, [d] Lile work. 

[e] Effect, ff] cliaractcM-. 

10. The French .(esuits. Who. W^)rk. 

XI. Characler of Ifie Puritans. 

1. (,'onducr in every day life. 2. Dress. 

2. Amendments, 4. Authority of the magistrate and miinsters. 

."). (Church matfers. [a] Summons, [e] Conduct in cliurch. [d] Music. 
Variety. [e| Sei inons and Prayers. [I] .Absence from chin-ch. [See George 
W. Cnrlis — "The Pni'itans" — A lecture. 

XI [. Guvernnient. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 31 

1. Letidins fejiture. 2. Forms. [:i] charter. What. Illustrations, [b] 
Proprietary. What. Illustrations, [o] lloyal. What. Illustrations. 

3. The Colonial Union of 1643— [aj Parties. [61 Purpose, [c] Effect. 

[d] Time. 

4. The (."olonial Assemblies — [a] Co. ti position, [b] Head, [c] Powers. 

5. The Laws of Xew England — [a] As to war. [b] As to immorality. 

[e] Church and State, [d] Voters. 

G. The Blue Laws of Coniieetieut — [a] Why so called? [b] Tiie law of 
Moses. [c] Immorality, [d] Disobedience. [e] Pj'ofanation of Sabbath> 
etc. [f] Voters, [g] Supi)ort of reii<iion. [h] Attendance on school, [i] The 
marriage relation, [j] Capital ottonses in Connecticut, in Enghind. 

XI II. Education. 

1. Schools — [a] Where niosc fostered ■? Why? [b] Order of Massachusetts 
general court in 1647. 

2. Colleges— [al Harvard. U lim. Where. [b] Williams' and Mary's. 
When. Where. 

3. Printeil Matter — [a] Xumber newspapers, [b] Few books, [c] first 
l)rinting press. When. Whei-e. Woi-k. By whom. 

XI\' — Religion. 

1. (reneral t-haracter. 

2. Creeds — Place. 

[a] Catholic, Frencli mid Spani-.h colonists, Maryland. 

[b] Episcojial — Virginia, Carolina, Georgia, Maryland, (partly). 

[c] Dutch i-cfornii'd — Xew Yoi'k and Delaware (partly) 

[d] Baptist— Kliole Island. 

[e] Melhodtst — Gi-orgla. 

[f] Puritan — Xew England, Xew Jersey (partly). 

[g] Quakers— Xew Jersey, (parily) Pennsylvania, Delaware ^jartly). 
[h] Huguenots — Carolina .'ind Xew York (partly) 

[i] Moravians — Georgia. 

3. Persecution — The war of sects, [a] Of Catholi<'s by all. [b] Quakers 
by Puritans, [c] Of ili urclinicn l)y i'nritans. [d] Quakers, Puritans and 
Bapti>t> l)y Chiircliuien. 

4. Till' (ireat Awakening. 

1. I. \\\rA[. 2. When. 3. Where. 4. Leaders. 5. Effect. 



PERIOD OF INTER-COLONIAL WARS; 

OR, 
QFAUUELS UVEH eL.4/-]AS— 1689-17G3. 

(HODGIX S OITI.I.M-: OI' rNITKD STATES HISTORY.) 

1. King William's war IG89-1697 

2. Queen .Vnne's war 17H2-1713 

3. The Spanish wir 1739-1744 

4. King (ieorge's w ar 1744-1748 

5. French and Indian war 1754-1763 



.T2 MANUAL OF UNITED 8TATE8 HISTORY. 

KISg WILLIAM'S WAR. 

1. Cai'ses — 1. Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and persecution of tiie 
Ilnjiuenots l)_v Ix)nis XIV., of France, wiiicli caused an alliance of England 
with other Protestant nations aofainst Louis. 

2. James II., of Eno'land adhered to the divine of Kings and the Catholic 
religion. The English people helieved in their right to a voice in the govern- 
ment, and in the Protestant relisrion. The English Revolution of 1688, drove 
James from the throne. His cause was espoused hy Louis, of France. 

3. Contliering cLiims to tenitoi-y in Amierioa. The French claimed from 
the Saint Lawrence, and Great Lakes indefinitety southward; antl the 
English claimed from the Atlantic^ Ocean indefinitely hy westward. 

II. Alliances — [a] Tiie Indians of Maryland and Canada "irh French, 
[b] The five Xations of New Yori^ with Eiiirlii-li. 

III. Events — Frencii Inroads — [a] On Dover, New Hami>shire, July, lUSy. 
[b] On Scenectady, New York, 1690; Barbarians, [cj On Salmon Falls, and 
Casco, Maryland, [d] By Indians on Haverhill, Massachusetts. [2] English 
expeditions, [a] Phipps, of Massachusetts, against Port Royal, 1600. Suc- 
cess, [b] Connecticut and New York ;.-gainst Canada, Quebec, Montreal, 1790. 

III. Result* — 1. Persecution of Protestants allayed. 2. William and 
Mary, sovereigns chosen by the English Parliament, were confirmed on the 
thi'one, and the principle on which they were chosen, acknowledged by 
France. 

3. Territorial boundaries in America unchanged. 

4. Unity of sentiment among Euiilish colonies protriMted. 
Y. (,'oiHdiiding treaty — When. \Vhere. 

QUEKN ANNE'S WAR— SPANISH SUCCESSION. 

I. Causes — 1. Louis XIV., tried to |)lace upon the throne of Eiig^land, 
dames Frances Edward, son of James II ; while Parliament had chosen .Anne. 
C^iie(Mi. [2] Louis plac<>!l his I'elative, Philip, of Anjon, on the throne of Spain 
in \iolalion (if a treaiy to which Kngland was a paity for the preservation o?" 
I lie b.-ilanee of power in Eurn]ii'. 

.'J. ( 'onlliciing chiiuis to ter-riiory. 

II. iMcnts — 1. [ii l'jiio|)e. ( .luipaign of Prince Eugene and .Marlborouirh. 
'-■■ In the Sniith. [-.i] Kiigli>h atlacks. Bv Sr)utli Carolina upon Saint 

Augustine, 17t):{. I'.y Si>iiih C iiMlina upon the Indian allies of Spaiu. 1 TO.'!'. 
[b] 'i'he French and Sp.-inisii attack on < ■liarleslun, 1701'.. [c] Accessory Lnliai* 
war.- : with 'i'nscaroia< hy South ( ti inlina and N'ortli Cainlina in 1711: wiih 
the "S'amasee con fcihM-atiMM . I7HI. 

3. In the N'lirth. Tiie I''n'!ii]). [;ij (uMicral character of I'lenrh warfare. 
[t>') ICxposed c()l()i,ics. [(•] .ATicksoii Deertield. and Haverhill, .M assaehiisetf«. 

The Knglisl!— [;i] V\r^\ atieiniit lo regain Purl l^lyal, 1707. [h| .Second 
attempt to fcgaio Port Royal, 1710. [c| Attempt wiih England to .-apnire 
( 'anada, 1711. 

in. Re-iilts — [1| Philip eontirmed on the throne of Spain. [2] .Anne 
confirmed on th- ilwone of 1<:ngl;ind. [3] lOngla lel gels jiossession of Ilndsfm 
Bay Teriihiiy. .Vi'wf.nni.ll.aiid, Xova Scntia, l-land of S.-iint ( 'li ii>toplier. 
(rd)rajter .md Island of Minnvea. [4] Kuiiland ..t>taineii; Crom Spain the 
"Assiento."a contrai-r to fnrnish the Sjianisli colonies in .America 4.8(!() in'irro 
slaves each y ■:'',■ lo,- iliin y yeai>: and lo carry w itii them live hundred tons of 
"otiiei-" goods (■.•ii-ii ycrir. 

[a] Colonial niiiiN still fu rt liei- proi noted. I \' . ( 'onelM(lin>'- treaty. When. 
Where. ■ .-^ . 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 33 

SPANISH WAR. 

I. Cause — England's violation of tlie commercial clause of the Assiento. 

II. Events — 1. Oglethorpe leads an expedition against Florida, 1740. 2. 
Spaniaids invade Georgia, 1742. 

III. Results — Unimportant. (No tre.ity.) 

KING GEORGE'S WAR— AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION. 

1. Causes — 1. England and France took opposite sides in the war of 
Austrian Succession. 

"2. Louis XV., of France tried to place on the English throne Charles 
Edwaid, grandson of James II. 

3. Coiitlicting claims to territory'. 

II. AHi:iiices — [a] Indians of Canada ami Maryland with France, [b] Six 
nations — Neutral, [c] In Europe, England, and Austria, France, Prussia, 
and Spain. 

III. Events — P'rench and Indian invasions — [a] Upon Casco, 1744. Upon 
Williamstown, Massachusetts, [c] Upon Saratoga. New York. Try to recap- 
ture Lonisliurg in 1740. 

A. Tilt- colonial troops take Louisbnrg in 1745. 

III. Ertccts — 1. Maria Theresa confirmed on the Austrian throne. 

2. Charles FMuard's claims to the English throne abandoned. 3. Terri- 
tori.il tioiindaries unsettled. 

4. Colonies learned to take caic of themselves, and their common dan- 
gers and c<immon Inierests bound thcni together. 

V. Treaty concluding — When. Where. 

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR— SEVEN YEAR'S WAR. 

1. Causks — ]. F^ngland and France took opposite sides in the seven year's 
war in Europe. 

2. Coiitlicting claims to territory in .\merica. 

3. Struggle of the French and English for commercial and political su- 
prem.acv in India. 

II. Alliances — 1. In Europe, [a] Austria, Pol;ind, Saxony, Russia and 
France, [b] Frederick, the Great, of Prussia, aided by England. 

2. In America- [a] Indians of (,'anada and Mpryland with the French. 
[b] The Six nations with the Englisli. 

III. Objective points in this war. 

1. Fort DuC^ueiise — [a] Controlled the water route from Canada to the 
Ohio valley, [b] Menaced the frontiers of Virginia and Pennsylvania. 

2. Niagara — [a] Controlled the Noi'thern Newfoundland for tiade. [h] 
Thieateiied western New York, and Noriheni Pennsylvania. 

.{. Crown Point and 'I'iconderoga — [a] Coiitrfillcd the watei-r(Mite from 
Canada m nortlicni Xeu Yoik, and New England, [iij Rendezvous for 
French tiMJing. and in lurading ex|ieditioiis. [e] Threarened New York, and 
menaceil New Eiighnid. 

4. Loiiisbiiig — [.i] Controlled New Eiig ami ai.d N'ewfoundland lisheries. 
[f] Harbiire.l French pi-ivateers. [<•] Mad an excellent harbor, [d] Strongest 
point in America. 

5. Qui'bec— [a] Strongest post in Canada, [b] Controlled the Saint Law- 
rence River, [c] Centre of Fiench power in America. 

IV. Other (ihjeetixe poiiit«;. 

1. In PeniKylvaiiii — [a] Presqne Isle. [I>] LeBoufte. [<•] Venango, [d] 
Necessity, [e] Cnmheil.-ind. 

2. Ill New Yoi-k— [a] Oswego, [ii] William Heiiiy. [c] Edward. 

3. Canada — Fort Frontense. 



34 MANUAlv OF UXLTED STATES HISTORY. 

V. 1733 — I. Tlie Fi-oir-Ii hiiild Forts Presque Isle, LeBoiift'e, and Ve- 
nan^To ill iioith-w'sterii Peiiii-<ylv,ii)i;i. [2] Capture English traders and sur- 
vc3'ors in tlie Oiiio valley. [3] Break up an Enii;lisli Post on the Miami. 

4. Journey of Washington. When. Where. Distance. Work. Ef- 
fect. 

1754 — 1. The Ohio Compiny erect a stockaileat Pittsburg. 2. The Fi'eiich 
capture, complete it, und name it DuQuense. [3] ExpiMlition ot Washington, 
[a] Defeais Jumonville. [b] Surrenders Fort Necessity and returns to Vir- 
ginia. 

4. Congress of the colonies at Albany, [aj Purpose, [b] Leader, [c] 
Work, [dj Effect. 

1755 — [1] Braddock tries to take DuQuense. 

[2] Moncton takes Acadia, and banishes the Acadians. 

[See Longfellow's Evangeline.] 

3. Shirley tries to take Xiag.ira, ami builds Fort Oswego. 

4, Joliustou tries to take Crown Point and I'ic )nilerog.i, and builds Wil- 
liam Ileni-y. 

175G — [1] Moure ilm tikes O-we^i). [J] Arm-ti-ong defeats the Luiians at 
Kittanni iig, Pennsylvtiuia. 

1757 — [1] Loudon tries t.» take Louisburg. [2] Montcalu) takes William 
Henry. 

1758 — [1] Amherst takes Louisburg. [2] Ambercrombie tries to take Ti- 
conderoga. ['3] Bradsfreet takes Fort Froiuenac. [4] Forbes and Washing- 
ton take DuQuense — [Pittsburgh] Why. 

1759 — [1] Generals Prid;iux and Johnston take Xiagira and Oswego. 

2. Amherst takes Ciown Point, William Henry and Tii^onderoga. 

[3] Wolfe trdies Queliec. 

17G0— [1] DeLevi defeated at :SilIery, trying to take Quebec. [2] Amherst 
takes Montieal. 

[3] Colonels Grant and .Montgo nery defeat rl)e Cherokees. 

Vr. Concluiling treaty. When. Where. 

VL Results — 1. Gave to England all territory ea'-t of the Mississippi 
River, except the Island and city of N'ew Orleans and Floi ida. 

2. Tiie Fr(Micli cc^le Fiorid.i to Spain, and ri-iain three small islands near 
New Foundland as tishing st itions. They ci'de the couiirry west of the Mis- 
sissippi to Spain. 

3. Tliis war determined wlietlier the L'nited States should be Lnglish or 
Freinh. Prntestaut or Catholic, Mioiarelde il or Republican. 

4. It ti'.ive riie Knii'lisli colonists an education in warl'.ire, tluis jireparing 
ihem tortile ri'v<dulionary st niggle. 

[See the jioem •• I'icondei'oga and Montcalm.''] 

V'lll — (ieneial etfeet of these wars. 

[Si-e [{aiiii-'s Uriel history. J 

IX. pom iai-'^ uar — 1. \VMii>. 2 Purp')-e. 3. When. 4. Wlieie. 5. The 
cuiifederaey. G. Cliaraeter of t lie h'lders. 7. Kveius. S. Resulis. 

[See Lossingaod Xewmao.l 
ACrS OK OPPRKSSIOX BKKOKi: I'llK l".\ KLl A .M K.\ IW R V srRi:(;GLE 

The seeMs (if the Hevolutido were -own f.ir batk in tin' (■(iloni.a! history. 
Th'' ex;ieri(>n< 111' ihi' royal go\ ernnis, and the (di>;inaey ot iminy of the Eng- 
lish i iiler- ill til.' ^ovrniing ot' tlie di'seeud.-ints of peojde, w ho had come hen- 
to erca[i<' some ;'oriii of pi'i ^ciuiion in I'^uroi)e reacted in such a way as to 



MANUAL OF rNTTED STATES HISTORY. 35 

make tlie people suspicious of aibitraiy power. The free iiistitntions, and the 
abseiioe of class-legislation among ilie people soon fleveloped a capacitj^ as 
well as a desire for selt'-government. The oppressive, and unwise commer- 
cial policy of England also did much to aiiiMiate the colonies from the mother 
country as the following will show: 

1. Xavigation laws -1651, 1660, 1063, 1672. 

[See Xewmaii, page 181 ; page 1S6; page 192; page 200. j 

2. Royal Custom-House established in the colonies to collect duties be- 
tween colonies 1672 

3. Board of trade (composed of seven members called Laws of Trade to reside 
in England) to have general oversight and tiontrol of the colonial trade. .1696 

4. Courts of admiralty (made up of revenue officers) to try all revenue 
cases without a jury 1697 

4. Timber controversy (c:iused by the confiscation of timber selected by 
tbr surveyors for the govcrnnicnr's use) in Xew England 1722 

T). The colonists lorhiddcn to sell tindier to Sj)ain or Portugal 1722 

6. The Board of Trade orilered to rei)ort in res|)ect to trade and manu- 
factures carried on in the colonies, "detrimental to the trade, navigations, and 
manufai'tures of Great Britain." They mentioned in their report the paper 
mill of Ma>sachusetts and the general manufacture of shoes 1731 

7. Hat act, forbidding the exportation of hats, and limiting the appren- 
tices to a hat-makei' to not more than two 1732 

5. Molasses act, laying excessive duties on all molasses, sugar, and rutn 
imp(M'led into tiie eolonies Ironi th<' \Ve.<t Indies 1733 

'.I. An act, loibidding any exporlation of eotton, or woolen goods from 
one colony to another 1732 

10. An a(!t, forbidding the making of ;miv iron, or steel in the colonies 
(saying of Pitt.) 1750 

11. Resolution of the lIons(M)f Commons, ''Tliat the right in a colonial 
assendily to raise, and ai)ply pidilic revenues by its own act alone, is deroiratory 
to the crown, and to tlie i ights of the peoph; of Great Britain" 17Ji7 

12. Writs of Assistance (.lames Otis) 1761 

1.3. 'l"he Parson's Cause (Patrick Henry) in Virginia 1763 

'•The ol)jeet of all this was to secure an American market for English 

goods at a high price, and an English market for Ameii<;an goods at a low 
price." — Taylor. 

Period of the Revolution 1763-1789 

I. 4';ie ParlianuMitai-y struggle 1763-1775 

II. Actual war 1775-1883 

in. riie ih'velopment of the Constitution 1783-1789 

'nil-: PARMAMKXTARY STRUGGLE. 

I II 1 1 ui! Mc( ioi) : 

1. When the French .ind Inihm war wa< closed by the treaty of Paris in 
1763, tlie colonist.^; looked loruaid to long years of |)rosperity and repose. 
Geoige III. h.id lien recently seated on the throne (I76I). Having contideiu-e 
in hi* iiileiiiiiy, :ind having laKdy lelt the justice of the gevernment under 
tUe diiiciion of I'll 1, tiiey were di-|jised to forget p;i-t grievances, and seek 
the ::lory of England. But i roniile soon came. This war costing England 
^o60.0Ult,000. had exh.iusted the tre.isury, and the ministers devised various 
schemes for repleiiishinir it. They h.id observed the re-^oun'es of the (Colonists, 
as manifested by their etl'orts during the recent struggle, and as they were 



36 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

relieved from furtliei- hostiliiios by the .*ubjiij»ation of C.inada, (1759) tiie gov- 
ernment looked to them for aid. Inpteud of asking it as a favor, it was de- 
manded as a right ; instead of inviting the colonial assemblies to levy taxes 
and make appropriations, the government assumed the right of taxation. — 
Lossing. 

ACTS OF THE DIFFERENT YEARS. 

I. George Greenville proposes direct taxation of the colonies. Who. 
Cause. Etfect 17G4 

II. Old molasses Act strictly enforced 1764 

(a) What, (b; Whtn. (c) EftVct now : 

III. Stamp act pjisses — 1. Cause. 2. Purpose 1765 

3. Author. 4. Provisions. 5. Effects, (a) Popular indignation meetings of 
colonists, (b) The Virginia, Massachusetts, and New York assemblies pass 
resolutions aguinst the act. (c) meeting of Colonial Congress. When. Where. 

Repre'^entation. Eftects 1765 

(d) Associations formed. Non-importation. Purpose. Members. Siuis and 
Daughters of Liberty. Pnipose. VVoik. Methods. Anti-Englisli Luxury 
Societies. Purpose. Members, (e) Effect on ei;forcement. Stamped |)aper 
returned to England, or destioyeil. Stamp officers threatened and insulted, 
and their property destrojed. Great loss to English manufactures and mer- 
chants. 

IV . Quartering or meeting act passed 1765 

1. Provisions. 2. Cause. 3. Effetft. 

V. Stamp act repealed 1766 

1. Causes, (a) Deternjjned and continued opposition of colonists, (b) 
Loss to English commerce, (c) Opposition of eminent Englisli statesmen, 
William Pitt, Edmuml Burke, Colonel Barre, and tlie Marquis of Roeking- 
ham. 

2. Effects— On England and on America. 

3. Reservation of Parliament — The right of taxation. 

4. Change of sentiment in colonies — No taxation at all. 

YI. The three acts passed 1767 

1. Tax on tea, glass, paints, lead, paper, painter's i-olois. 

2. Board of Revenue Comuissioners appointed, (a) Where, (h) Powers. 
(C) Work, (dj Effect. 

3. Power of New Yoik Assembly suspended. Why. Effect. Results. 
Same as alter stan)p act. 

VI. Mass.-iehusetts Assembly ilissolved b\ Governor Bernard 1768 

1. Cuuse — Refusal to icseind thi'ii act, '•calling on the otiier colonies," 

to unite with them in ol)t:aining a redress of grievain-fs. Effect. 

VIII. Si'izui-e of John Hancock's sloop, "Liberty" 1768 

1. Cause — Ciiarged with vi(daiing reviMine laws. 2. By wiiom. Reve- 
nue ollicers. 3. Effect, (rreat excitenienl. 

IX. General Gage ordered to .\inerica with troops 176S 

1. Where sfaiionnd? 2. Puipo-e. 3. Rendezvous. 4. Numbei . 5. Ef- 

Ifct. 6. Arrival. When. WIkmc. 

X. Declaration of P.ifli nnent as to Massachusetts people 1769 

I. Nature— Reb -Is, and proposes lo sen I tiMitors to England for trial. 

2 Why. 3.' Effect. 

XI. Dissolution of Virginia and N'-M'ih Cafolina .\>-emblies 176'J 

1. Bv whom. 2. Cause. Censure of act X. 3. Effect. 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES niSTOEY. 37 

XII. Popular Iiisiinectioii in Noitli Carolina 1769 

(a) Where, (b) Cause, (e) Etiect. 

XIII. Lord North's tea trieks 1770-4 

(a) Wlio. (b) Purpose, u') Methoil. (il) Ellect. (e) Reueptioi) of tea in 

America. 

XIV^. ArtVay between citizens and soldiers in New York city. Cause. 
Events. EftVcts 1770 

[See Seribner — New York in the Revolution.] 

XV. Boston Massacre, (a) Wiien 1770 

(b) Cause, (c) Circumstances, (d) Effects, (e) Trial of soldiers. When 
Advocates. Kesuit. 

XVI. Krgulator war. 

(a)Where. (b) Cause, (c) Events, (d) Effects 1771 

[See Lossing's Field Book of Revolution, vol. I.] 

XVII. Declarations of Parliament 1772 

4. The Governor and Jii Ig'es of Massachusetts should be paid a sahay 

named by the Ivinjr, without consent of the assembly. 

2. All persons committiiii; crimes ajjainst tiie King's officers to be sent 
to England foi- trial. 

XVIII. Burinngof the revenue schooner, Gaspee 1772 

(:!) Where, (b) By whom, (c) Leader, (d) Etiect. 

XIX. Lord North sends tea to America 1773 

1. Purpose. 2. Reception in Charleston and New York. 

XX. Boston tea ptrly. 

(M) When, (b) Wh.-n-. (c) Events, (d) Effects 1773 

XXI. Commitiees of inciuir}' and Correspondence 1773 

(■i) Pnrpo--e. (b) Work, (c) Results. 

XXII. Ri'ialiatory measures of Parliament 1771 

1. B')st()ii port hill. >_>. What. 3. Effect. 1. Cause. 

2. Annulling of the charti-r of Massachusetts 1774 

(a) Caii-es. (b) Elfects. 

;{. All persons commiriiug murder in defense of the crown to be sent to 
Kniilind or some other (roloiiy for trial 1774 

XXIII. Meeting of First ( 'oMiinental Congress 1774 

(a) Wh.'ii. (b) Where. Tc) Purpose, (d) Work, (e) Representation. 

(f) results. [SeeSeivey. page 1 lOJ (;rp;it names. 

XXIV. Governor I)umm()re dj-solves ihe Virginia Assembly 1774 

(a) Cause — They voted the Bo-;t(ni porr liiK, an "act of tyranny and on- 

pr-es-ion." (b) Effect, (c) Work of P.atrick Henry. 

\XV. General (iaire made militarv Governor of M issai'liusetts 1774 

1. P(u-pose. 2. Order. To i ciliice the cnlonists by force. 3. Work. Oc- 
cupies Boston, seizes provincial aisenai*, and fortifies the hills about Boston. 

XXVI. DeclaiMiinn ut i*arliaineiit ..1774 

1. Mas-achu-etts in a ^tate (if rebellion. 

■J. I'he oilier colonies Miilinii' hei' in rebellion. 
li. 'fen tlioiisMid Hoops ordered to .\merica. 

XXVII. Meering of the Massachusetts Assembly 1774 

(a) Where. ,\t) Kei)resentation. (i-) Work. Vote. £20,000 for ecpMp- 

l>ing minute men. Who. Why so called? 

XXVIII. (Jolonial preparation for war. 

1. Massachusetts orsr mizes "Minute Men." 



38 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

2. Viigiiiia oi-rvanizes her militia uiulei Washington, and Patrick Henry 
says, '•[ repeat it, we must figiit." 

3. All tiie colonies ready for war. 

XXIX. Declarations of Parliament 1775 

1. No conciliation with the rebels of America. 

2. Forbids fishino; on the banks of Newfonndland. 

3. Restricts colonial commerce. 

XXX. Colonial parties. 

1. Royalists. Tories, (a) Who. (b) Why so called? (c) Relief, (d) 
Later historj'. 

2. Whigs, [Rebels] (a) Wiio. (b) Why so called? 

3. Tlie resolution of King George. Etrecr. 

In these twelve years in which a great orator said, "we have petitioned," 
"we have remonstrated," "we have prostrated ourselves at the foot of the 
throne," were developed the following. 

CAUSES OF THE REVOLUTION. 

I. The British governmenf claimed the righ.t to regulate and control the 
entire trade and commerce of the colonies. 

(•') Ground, (b) Enforcement. Navigation laws, etc. 

II. The British government claimed the right to appoint governors, who 
should hold office during the King's good pleasure. It was also claimed that 
the governors eiioidd be made independent of the colonies by a permanent 
salary, to be paid I)y them. 

Hi. The British Government claimed that all colonial judges should be 
appointed by the King, and hold ottice durina: his good pleasure. 
IV. Tlie British claimed the right of direct or internal taxation. 
(See ITodgin's Outline of United States History, p'-ge 25-29.} 
Colonial motto — no taxation without representation. 



ACTUAL WAR-1775-1783. 



INTRODUCTIOX— METHOD OF STUDY 



\. Study tiic cini]>aigns of each year, getting the plan, parts, events, and 
effects. 

2. licain the uinl'-r quarters of (vu'h army, each winr(>r, for from these 
as eenrers, the next yi'ar's work is done. 

3. Study the political events of the "'ar. and their bearing on the mili- 
tary events. 4. Study the tinancial history of the war, and its eflect on the 
subsequent history of finance. 

j775- 1. Bitie of Concord and Lexin^rtou. 



MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES niSTOKY. 39 

I. Cuuse. 2. WIhmi. 3. Wlu'ic. 4. Events. 5. Efteots. (a) On the 
colonists. On England. (See Paul Ileveve's IJide — Lon,<>;fello\v.) 

II. The Mecklfenbuii; Declaration of Indepentleiice. 

1. Cause. 2. By uiioni. 3. When. 4. NVhere. 5. Effect. 
(See Lossing's Field Book of Ilevohition.) 

III. Battle of Buidier Hill. 

1. When. 2. Where. 3. Cause. 4. Leaders. 5. Events. 6. Effects. 

IV. Second Continental Congress. 

1. When. 2. Where. 3. Repiesentation. 4. Work. Resolutions. Bills. 
5. Preparation for war. 

V. Work of W:ishiiigton. 

1. Forces. 2. Condition of armj-. 3. Ilis subordinate officers. Who. 
Ability. 4. Dilliculties in regard to the soldiery. Effect. 

VI. Invasion of Canada. 

1. When. 2. Leaders. 3. Piui:ose. 4. Plan. 5. Events. 6. Results. 
VL I'he postal system. 

L Whin adopted ? 2. Pos;tmaster General. 3. Powers. 4. Duties, c. 
Town. When. Where. Time. Purpose. Events. Effects. 
V'lll. The answer of King George. 

1. How ofien petitioned — \Vhen. By whom. Effect. 

2. Loyalty of the colonies — 3. Nature of the answer. 4. Demand. Effect. 
iX. [See below.] 

I. The Revolutionary Government. 

1. Head. 2. Nature. 3. Powers. How devised. Effect. 

IX. Winter (inarters. 

I. British uiMJer Gage in Boston — \Vhy. 2. American* under Washing- 
ton aiound B<)st(n). Why. 

II. The Declaration of Independence. 

I. Gro^vth of the idea of Independenee — (n) Speed, (b) Cause. 2. Reso- 
lutions in Congress, (a) When, (b) Mover, (c) Nature. 1, 2 and 3. 3. De- 
hate of these resolutions. Effect. 4. The appointment of a committee, (a) 
Pur(iose. (b) Number, (c) Names, (d) Chairman, (e) Author, (f) Work 
of John Adams. .">. Reception ot the Declaration, (n) By the colonial assem- 
blies, (b) By the soldiers, (c) By the people, (d) By friends of freedom in 
Europe, (e) By the King, and Parliament. 

III. 1 he Bi itish soldiery. 

1. The regular English soldiers — How secured. Work. 

2. The (iiMnians. (Hessians) How secured. 

3. The Indian allies, (six nations) How secured. 

IV. The >-iege of Roston. 

1. WlifM. 2. For(>es. 3. I.eaih-rs. 4. Puri)ose. 5. Effect. 

V. The atiaek on Charleston. 

1. When. 2. Leaders. 3. Where. 4. Events. 5. Effects. 

VI. The op'Mations in New York and New Jersey. 

1. Liadii>. 2. Battles. J. Forces. 4. Events. 5. Mode of warfare. 
Effect. 

^'ll. K'esolis ol t iie campaigns. 

1. As lo indi'pendence. 2. As to losses in life. 3. As to the condition of 
the army. 4. As to quarrels about rank. As to congressional effect. 0. As 
to treatment of prisoners. Where. Effect. Remedy. 

\'1IL Winter tiuariers. 



40 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

1. Aineiicjiiis at jMorristowii, New Jersey. Wjiy. 2. Britisli iiiuler 
Clinton rit New York and Howe, at New Brunswick. Why. 

1777—1. The Powers of Washington. 

1. Why increased? 2. Effect. 3. \V^ork durin<>; 1770-7. Winter. Ef- 
tect. 4. Remarks of British otlicers. Of Frederick tiie Great. Who. 5. Mili- 
tary policy. Nature. Wiiy. Effect. 

I. Burgoyne's invasions. 

1. Place. 2. I'inie. 3. Purpose. 4. Leaders. 5. Plan. 6. Parts. 7. 
Events. 8. Residts. 

(See Creascv's decisive i>atcles.) 

III. riie Pliihulelphia campaign. 

1. \Vlien. 2. Leaders. 3. Purpose. 4. Battles. 5. Events, (i. Effects. 

IV. Winter quarters. 

1. An)ericans undur Washington. Valley Forge. Why. 

2. British under Clinton at New York, and Howe at Philadelphia. Why. 

V. Effects of these campaigns. 

1. On the mass of the people, 

2. On tlie Tories. Treatment. 

3. On Europe -Par;icularly Fiance and Spain. Why. 

4. On the liberal party of England — How shown? 

5. Offers of pardon by Howe — (a) Purpose, (b) Effect, (c) Action of 
Washington. EfTect. 

VI. Arrival ol Lafayette. 

1. Wlio. 2. Real name. 3. Purpose. 4. Age. 5. Action of King of 
Fiance, and ol' ihe Biitish Minister. Effect. (5. Rank. 7. Services. 8. Re- 
lation to Washington. 9. Ltiter history in l^'ranee, and in the United States. 

VII. The winter, at Vailey Forge. 

1. Condition of the army as regards food, clothing, shelter, and muni- 
tions of war. 2. Work of Congress. 3. Action of Wa>-hington. 

4. The Conwiiy cabal — (a) What, (b) Leatler. (c) Purpose, ^;d; Etiect 
on army people, anij the members of the eab.il. 

VIII. Adopt inn ol articles of con ted era tin n. 

1. When. 2. By whom. 3. Powers of ("ongress. 4. The need of such 
a Union. ">. Ritilic-ation l)y States. Rule. Why so slow? When. (See in- 
terresjnnm.; 

IX. Adoption of the llair. 

1. By whom. 2. Name. 3 Plan. 4. First used. When. Where. By 
whom. T). Later history. ('Ii;ingc. Why. 
I77S — 1. Alliance with I>'raiice. 

I. ALient of Ihe Uidte(l Slates, (^haracti'r. .'Vhility. 2. Why not snccess- 
Inl at 1ir>^t y 3. Cause of sm-oess. 4. Xainre of the rieaiy. •"). Effects, (a) 
On England, (b) ( )n ot her nations, (c) On the United Slates, (dt On Ihe 
eomin<r of nnlifary men to the United Sates. 

II. Olfers of ijisfiu^-uisjied Forciirners to sci-vellie United Sttites. Work 
ol' each. 

1. I""ranr<' — \j tavctte 1777 

2. Poland- Ko-cin-ko and Pidaski 1778 

3 ( ierm.any — St en lien and l)id\all> 1778 

4. England— Charles Lee 1778 

a. Ircdaml — Conway 1777 

U. Freiirli— De (Wrasse, 1781. De Fstaing 1777 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES FIISTORY. 41 

7. lioehambefiii 1781 

III. Removal of Howe. 

1. Position. 2. Ciiuse. 3. Successor. 

IV. liiittle of .Moiiiiioutli. 

1. WliPii. •_». Wlicie. ;j. Leiiders. 4. Kefreat of Uee. Effect. 4. Ef- 
fect of the battle. 

V. Tlie iiiassacic of Wvomiiiii". 

I. Wild.'. -2. When. ;J. Leader. 4. liidiaiis. 5. Work. (i. Effect. 
VL Freiicii aid. 

1. I'l-oinised ;it Newport. Rliode lihiiid. Eirt'ct. 2. The French fleet. 
Where. When. Leader. 

VIII. Residts ff ihe year. 

1. As lo the Hriiisii. Position. 2. As to ihe American position. 

VI 11. Winter (jnarters. 

1. Americans iindei- . Miildlehrook, New Jer(Je3'. Why. 

2. Hritisji under ('liiiion . at New York, and under Prevost at Savannah, 
Georjjia. 

1779 — I. Tlu^ Southern campaijiii. 

I. Center. 2. Leaders. 3. Parts, 1, 2. ."i and 4. 4. Events. 5. Effects. 

II. Th(> Northern canipaiirn. 

I. Nature. 2. Policy of eai-di party . 3. Work. 4. Effect. 

HI. Naval operations. 

1. The navv in 1775 — (a) By whom authorized? (b) Size. 2. Work in 
1771). 3. First Adnural. Suceessor. (a) Who. (\>) Nationality, (c) Work, 
(il) Greatest naval ti^jjhr. U'hat. Where. Result. 

1\'. The Contin.'Utal money. 

1. Amount. 2. Value. 

3. (,'anse of depreciation — (a) The cause of in.lepeudence doubtful, (b) 
French allianei' of little benefit, (c) The Eniilish counterfeitinii' continenal 
money. Inconsistency. 4. Expedient'* for raisinoinoney. 

V. Resuhs ot the year. 

1. Ujion the ,\mericans. 2. Action of Parliament. 3. Internal dissen- 
sions. 4. Sayinii of Washington. 
1780—1. Sie^-e of ( harli'ston. 

I. Leaders. 2. Lveuts. 3. Effects. 

II. Battle 01' Camden. 

I. When. 2. Where. 3. Le.aders. 4. Events. 5. Effects. 

III. P.artisan warfare. 

I. What. 2. Where. H. Leaders. 4. VV..ik. 

IV. Ai'iiold's irea>^on, .and Andi'e liiiuii'. 

1. The story of A mold's life. (Miaractei-. Work. freason. Result. 

2. I'he story of .\ndre's mission. (Japtnre. Trial, and execution. 

V. Winter (luarters. 

1. .Vniei'ic.ins undei- , at N'orristown. New .Jersey. Why. 

2. Hriti>h under Clinton, at New York, and Coin wal lis in South Caro- 
lina. 

1781 — I. MeeliuiT of the < 'oiitinental soldiers. 

I. When. 2. Where. 3. Why. 

4. Action ot (General I.afayeire. Effect. 

5. •• '■ Wayne. Kll'ect. 

G. " •■ ( 'on<rr<'Ss. Efi'.'ct. 

7. I'he principle at stake? llo"- shown? 

II. Financial matters. 



42 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

1. Coiidilioii of finances — 2. Tlie liiiriiiciai agent of the United States. 
AVIio. Woik. Etfccf, Credit. 

III. General campaign. 

1. Wiien. 2. Where, o. Aid. 4. Part.-;, (a) Battle ot Cowpens. (b) 
Greene's retreat, (c) Battle of Grilford Court-IIonse. When. Where. Ef- 
fect of each. 

IV. Batth- of Entaw Si>riijos. 

1. When. 2. Where, li. Events. 4. Leaders, a. Effects. 

V. LNLiniading exjjeiliiions. 

1. In New England — Under Arnold. Work. 

2. In Virginia — Under Arnold. 

•i. " '■ <.'orn\vallis. 

VI. Siege of Yorktown— (a) Preparation for the siege. 2. French aiil. 
3. When. 4. Whei-e. 5. Events. 6. Effects, (a) On the army, (b) On tiie 
people, (c) On Congress, (d) On Parliament and King, (e) On the Liberty 
party. 

Vill. Winter quarters— (1780-1 7S3.) 

1. Amei-icans under Wayne near New York. Why. 

2. British under Clinton, at New York, and Coiiiwallis at Wilmington, 
North Carolina. 

;{. Americans ni-ar the !lnd-on, at Newl)erij, umler Washington. 

4. British under T'linton, at New ^'ork, and Leslie at Savannah. 

5. Americans under W .ishinijton. at Newl)erg, New York, and General 
Wayne, at Savannah, Georgia. 

0. British nnder Clinton and Cailelon, at New York, and Leslie, aC 
Ciiarieston, Sonth Carolina. 

(GENERAL TOPICS. 

1. The. tini\ of the war. 

1. Ai^ion of the Whig i)arty in England. 

2. Change of military leaders — (a) Who. (b) Instructions. 

3. Action Of Parliament — The city of London. Spain and Holland ami 
the King. 

II. The treaty of Paris. 

1. When. 2. Where. 3. Commissioners. 4. Provisions, (a) As to in- 
dependence, (b) As to the boundaries of the United Stales, [c] As to fish- 
ing on Newfoundland, [il] .\s to Florida. 

III. D >banding the army — 1. Wiien. 2. Where. 3. Why opijosedv 4. 
The desire! to make Washington a King. 5. The work of Washington. 

l\'. Cost <if ilie war. 

1. 'I'o our counny in UKUiey, and lives. 

2. To England " " 

3. Effect on indu-sttit's, education, and [)rogress. 

V. Washin;ilO!i's retirement. 

1. ResigMS his commissiiiu — When. Where. 

2. Farev\-(di lo olliccrs — When. Where. 

3. Journey lo his hoine — Whiue. Tri;atmeiit of people. Siihsrquenc 
IlisKM'y. 

VI. Work of riioiiias r'aine in the llevolntion. 

(Juiiuiii)}!. Si'iisn. — 'I'his was tin- litlc of a paiiiphlct written hy Tom Painr, 
and |iubli-hed about the commencemeni of 177tJ. It is said to have been (u e- 



MAXl'AL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 43 



pared at thp suggestion ol' Dr. Riisli, of Pliil:itlelphi;t. It was the e;irlipst and 
most powerful appe.d in beluilf of inde|)endencp ; and iirohably did \nore to flx 
the idea tirndy in ilie [xihlic nnnd tlian any other instrunienrality. So liigldy 
was it- iiilliUMirc csL-cincd iliat llii' I't-nn-yl vania Lcii-jslarnre voted the antiiOi' 
$2,.")l.(). It wa< very hi^iidy ai)pci'c!aii'd by U'a-^ln oiiton. and tin' peoph' at 
lai":r<'. Coninion Srnsc u as tiic sii;ii iMiic \vlncli Paiuc nsnally allixed folds 
cai'lici' I'ltlilical writings. 

He also wiotc a scries of pamphlets, cniitii'd liie "Ori-is," wldcii were ad- 
mirably adoplcd III tlie state of the times, and which did nineli towai'd keep- 
ing a!i\'e tii" sjiirii of independcncH'. The jir.st jiamiildet \\ as published De- 
oenibcr, 1770. Paine was then in W'asiiington's eamj). It was lead at the 
head oiijie ai-iny, and it-; sti'oiiir, tintld'nl, lanunage had a powerfn) etfeet on 
the ainiN', and aniooij the people. Tile si'coinl erisj-: was pnblislied in Jan- 
nary, 1777. It was aildi('s>;ed to T^nj-d Howe, and ridieuled his Proclamation, 
ete. The tln'nl number wa-^ pid)lished at Philadelphia, in .\pril, 1777. This 
was devoted ro an I'xandnation of the events, sin^'i.- the Deehiration of Hide- 
pemhiiiee, and a reiteiatioii of I he arn'umen t-; in favor of that meHsure. In 
Se|)tend)er, ininiediatel v al'ter ijie battle of Brandy wine, tiie fnurth crisis was 
published. If was a cheering trninpel-l)la':;t to tlie ininy. In Mareli, 1778, 
the _/j/VA crisis was piibli-;h<'ii at Ijancaster, Pennsylvania. It consisted of a 
letter to Sir William Howe, and an address to the iidiabitants of America. 
The >/.<-^A crisis was issued in October. 1778. It was a jerier to tiie British 
Coinini^^iouer-;. (Carlisle, ("linton and Eden) Tlie seventh was is.-ned from 
Phila lelphia, Xovemher 21, 1778, [t was an address to the people of England, 
'i'lie eiijhth crisis was a second address to the peopU" of England, in March, 
1780. In .Fnne, 1780, \\\i' uinth crisis appeared. Hi October, 1780, the crisis 
('.xtrnordinani w:is pnblisiieil. If was a long discussion on taxes. The last 
three nnndters utMt' written at tln^ in-^tigalion of Robert Morris, tlie rtnan- 
e:er, wiili the knouledu'c and a|»proval of Wa^hinirlon . Oik^ otiier on general 
topic--, and one in May, I7S2,on tiie presB/zi stjite of wirs completed his work. 

V!ll— I'lIE PEVOErriONARY LITERATURE. 

Extending from 17')") to 181."), or from the iiassage of the Stamp Act, until 
the (do^c of I he si'cond war with England. Pretty mntdi all the literature of 
that i-i real, ami li"arl tell . and is politit^al in its nature. Noteworthy names 
are : — 

Henjaiiiiii Franklin, [170()-17i)0] " Autohiograpy" 

Tliom.-is Paine, [17;i7-180i)] "Common Sense" 

Thomas .lelferson [174;M826 "Declaration of Independence" 

Alexander Hamillon, [17r)7-1804] "The Federalist" 

Fr:inci< Hopkinson, [17:57-1791] "The Battle of the Kegs" 

.lohn Trnml)nll, f 17r)0-18;n ] ".McFinoal" 

.loci Barlow, ri7.5.-)_181-_>] •'The Colnmbiad" 

Phillip Frcne 111, [17o2-18;}-2] Poems 

Benjamin Thompson, [Comit Rnmford] Scientist 

I'imotln Dwiglit, [1 7ii2-1817] Tlieology 

Fislier .Vines. [17r)8-18()8] "A Razeed BnrUe" 

Charles B. Brown, [1771-1810J "Antlinr Mervyn" 

Ale.xander Wilson. [177(!-lSia] Ortlinoloirist 

\Villi:im Wirt, [17(J2-18;U] "The British Sp: " 

[Giliiiorc's English Literature.] 



44 MANUAT. OF UXITED STA'I'ES HISTORY. 



THE INTERRUGNUM— 1783-1789. 



Sec. 1. This period incliules the time, from the close of the Revolution- 
ary war, as marked by the treaty of Paris, [1783] to the beoinniiitjj of VV'ash- 
in^ton's administration, 1789. 

In tliis period, fraiijjht with so mufh danger to the Republic, w;<s demon- 
strated the need of a better system of jjovernnifnt. When this need had be- 
come fully known to the people, the j^reat statesmen of the time began to C!i>«t 
about for some plan by which the people might be made sure in those rights, for 
which they had sacrificed so many lives, and such great treasure. 

From the need of the people, and untiring and ceaseless activity of the 
noble statestnen of that time, was developed that gi-and and lasting charter of 
American liberty — the Federal Constitution. 

Sec, 2. During our history as a nation, tlii^ following instruments Imve 
served as the supreme law of the land; for this reason they are sometimes 
termed, our Xational Charters : — 

I. The Articles of Association 1774 

II. The Declaration of Independence 1776 

III. The Articles of Confederation 1778 

IV. The Federal Constitution 1787 

Sec. 3. Tho Articles of Association were adopted by the second Continen- 
tal Congress, while in session at Philadelphia, October 20, 1774. These arti- 
cles were designed as they, themselves state, ''To obtain a redi-ess of griev- 
ances, which threaten destruction to the lives, liberty, and property of his 
majesty's subjects in Nortli America." The compact was, as is stated in the 
articles, "a non-importation, and non-exportation agreement" against England 
They were signed by fifty-two members, fiom all tlie different colonies, ex- 
cept Georgia; and included tln^ names of such men ;)< the Adam's, Dcme. .lay. 
Lee, and Wasliington. 

The iilea of the Embargo, and Non-Intercoursi' Eaws of .Icficison's Ad- 
ministration seems to have been borrowed from these old colonial regulations. 
Sec. 4.— the DECLAR ATIOX OF I XDEPEXDEXCP:. 

By the acts of ass(Jciation the rolonic^-: had fmincd tlieinsclvt's into [niitcd 
colunics: by th's .act Ihey formed t lieuisi'l vi's into tiic Cuitcd Stnti's. 'i'his 
<le(daration — A Xational Act — hcin<>- still in foicc, constituics the' /;(;s;V of 
Amci-ican constitutional iau', and supplies an antlnMitic, and authoritative 
standard by wbitdi all constitutioi! il ihcorics. and expositions >;hould be 
testecK It was "the cornef-stom^ of our confederacy" and ]>i •'otmri: all con- 
stitutions, and all laws." 

Sec. .').— I'lll-; VFv'I'K'j.KS ()K ( OX I-KOKI.' A'lMON, 
Were ajrreed toby the Xational ( 'oni.>-res-i at Philadi'l phia, in Xovendier. 1777, 
HUd signed July 8, I77S. in Ibis union all the states were represented, ;ind 
it v\ as designed, as anotlier p.art of the title si.-itcs to he ,,,n-ii(tuitl. The arti- 
cles of Confederation fouml the liiion ami Xa!ion alu'ady in existence, and 
were only designed to be detailed regulations o( the same. 4'liev were adopted 
to meet the exigencies of a state of war. Their [iiinci[):il piani^ious leferred 



MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 45 

to siic'l) :i coiitlirion of siffair.*, aiul were (loriii;int in time of pesa'c. The ^^taro 
lojrisl.itiwcs were slou- rn :ifl<ii)t rlicst' :irrieles;, however twelve colonics r.-irified 
them hy Mm}', 1770. M.irvhmd refused to intify them until the question of 
the Jiirisdictioii of the stnti's, and tlic n;itioii:il ijovei-iimeiit over the eiDwn 
I;xild< shiiuld be sutisfaiMorily settled. 'I'lie several states, liavini;- ahoiit iho 
close of Ihe war, ceded tiieii- lands to the i^eiieial odverninen t, Maryland docs 
the .same, and March l,17!sl, j'dns the coidederacy. These artiides then be- 
came the orjianized law uf the I'nion. jnd remained snch nnlil the adoption 
of tlie Constitntion. 

Ori'LIXl"] OF THE ARI'ICLES OF CONFEDERATION". 

SKC. (). [. — I'ltKPAUATION' Ff>i: Till-: ADOPTION' OF THKSE AIMICI.ES. 

"Befoie the eml (d' the year, 177<>. nmst of the States liad settled tlieir 
forms of State < Jo vc'inment . These wire oeneraily such adaptattons of the 
old colonial liovernmeiit^ as the alleied cciidition of affairs .seemed to demand. 
But there \\a> iiic.iter dilliridiy in -eitlitio- a collective <roveriMnei)t for all \\w. 
States. The idea of |Mi|)nlar so\ erei^.'-n it y. of local government, had spread 
from the township to the county: and from the conidy to the colony, without 
evil result^. But the dillimlty of inier-conuniiidcaiion, and the diver-ity of 
loi-al inii'fi-srs. caus'-d each «^t;i'e to reii-ard tiie otluM's a<, in ijreat measure 
forei^-n soil. .\iid, now that a conleileracy was to he formed, the determina- 
tion of each state to allow no dictation from iis m^i;rhbors, or from the new 
Feder;il (Toveriiment, was fmind to he an in>eperahle harrier airainsr tlie for- 
mation of a close union. Snmmar\ — In tlieir nnxiety to be without a master, 
the States left themselves without m onvcrninenl."' — Johnston. 
Si:r. 7. r— rONDITIOXS OF THE UNION. 

1. Rejjre-enf itimi in ( 'iMii£re-s — Not more than seven, nor less than two 
tlele<;ates from each state, to he (dmsen l)y the Leoislatnre. 

2. Etinalitv of the State-;— Each have one vote: no matter Imw u'reat the 
populjition or Acalfli. 

3. Executive Ollicer— No Presidenr, no Executive power except comiuit;- 
tees of (^onof|-ess. 

■I. Votiinj: on imiiortant measure- — 'I'he votes of nine states. 

r>. Voting; on amendment- — The votes of all stales. 
Sec. 8. I— POWERS OF CON(iRESS UNDER THE CONFEDERATION. 

1. Coidil de(dare war, ami ur.iiit letter- of marque and repiisal. 
'2. Could lix the amount of revenue. 

;{. Could horiaiw, ami coin nnmey, and contract debts. 
-1. Could decide disjuiti's l)e|\\('en states. 
5. Could make treaties wiiji foiadirn powers. 
Summary — Ha I merely an advisory po\\er at he.-i. 
Sec. 10 IV— DEFECTS OF 'I'lIE ARTK LES OF CONFEDERATION. 
1 . 'I"hi' jiovernment had no executive (dlicer. 

2. No power .ii furnish offenses airainst its laws. 

3. No power to (dfectivelyperform its duties. 

4. Could imt .arm, eidist. or support an army. 

5. Ciuild not make states ahiile h\- its decision* in ilisputes. 

(i. Could not prevent iudiviihial st.ifes from violatiuo^ fiuauLrn tieaii>s. 

7. Could not compd the -tare<ro cdh-ct their sh.are of taxes. 

8. Could not reirnlate "ithiM- loreiirn or domestic commeice. 

Suinmai) — "To everythinir the states wore to be sovereign. :ind their 



4C MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

i-reaUiii.', \\n: Feiler.il G-ovci iimciit, \v;is to li.ive (inly stmiKjth eiioiigli to bind 
llic st;ite.s into nominal unily, and only life cnongh to assure it of its own 
pi-.-Kiic.-i! inipoteuL-c." 

Six. 2 V— I'llE EFFECTS OF THE WEAKNESS 

OniiL' Ailiules <if Confc'deration. 

1. (Joni^rt'ss lost its dignity, power, and home. 

2. Congress eonld nor obtain a qnoriini to ratify the treaty of peace. 

3. The status refuse ro i);iy ili(>ir sliaie of ilie apportioned taxes. 

4. The national L-redir became worlhless. 

5. Foreign natioris refuse to make eomnieicial treaties. 

(j. The Algeri ins coinmif tlepredatious on American commerce wi'h 
impnniiy. 

7. England refuses a ministei- ro the United States. 

Summary — "The Federal Goveiiimcnt in short, was despised abroad, and 
disobeyed at lioin-. " 

8. Sayings of W.ashinglon. 

0. InsutHciency of the Confederation — Alexander Hamilton. Anderson's 
United States Reader, page 224. 

Sec. 12. VI — It may b;; a^Ued. what good results could follow the adop- 
tion of a iorm of government, whicii, when tested, proved itself so weak, and 
inelHcient. The following n):iy ser\e to make this plain. 

ADVANTAGES OF THE CONFEDERATION : 

J. JIade a good impres.-ion abroad. 

2. .Met at tlrst, the irrowing u.ants ot the young nation. 

3. Expres.-ed the full degree of coloni.al unity of that time. 

4. Was the best that could then be adopted. 

5. Paved the way, for the higiier, and better union, found under the 
Federal Consvitution. 

Sicc. 13. V 11— EARLY LEGISLATION. 

1. Remedy — Congress to have power to levy, and collect taxes ami ciis- 
louis. 

2. Congi-ess .asks the states in 178G, to pas.s an amendment giving it the 
powi-r to collect a revenue tVom imports. 

3. Twelve state> ratii'y this amendment. New York refuses to ratify it. 
Immediati! ettect — Seemed to destro}' the hope of a continued National Union in 
America. Ulrimate elfect — Caused ;i strong re-action in favor of an im- 
mediale, and complete chanLre of the government. 

TlIF NATIONAL CONS IITFTION. 

STKf.S I.N Tin: FI{.\MING OF TIIK CO.XSTITUTIOX. 

Si:b. 14. 1 — V'irginia a d .Maryl ami call a Co.mnercial Convention. 

I. 'I'iine — ITS.'). [2] (iroinid. Tlitdi- I'ight to rejfid.ate con'merce. [3] 
Purpose. To lie ir the lej) uT of their comnn-jsioners on the interruptions to 
commerce in Cln'sapeake Bay. 

4. Aciionof ComuM-sions — Could not .agree except in condemning the 
articles of coideder.ation. 

II. Call of Virginia. 

1. Time— 1785. 

2. Siibstauee — The ileh'^rates ot the othei st ites to me('l the ibllowing ye.i r 
at .Vnnapolis, to consider tlie defects of the goveiument and suggest a remedy. 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



Ill— THE (ONVEXTIOX OF 178G. 

1. PliU-e- ■Aiiii:ii)()li.>. [2] Reprt'.'iiMitation. Delejj.ites from live of the 
Middle States. [3] Work. Conrincd to discussion, sinc<' a majority of tlie 
Stales were not lepresentfd. [i] Gfiieial t'oncliisioii . The orovernment, ais it 
then stood, was iiiaileqiiate for tiie pi'ott^ctioii, piosperit}^ or comfort of tlie 
people, and that some immediatf, and thorouiih reform was needed. 

5. l{i'|K)rt — Made to their own states, ai.d to Congress. 

0. RccommcJi latioii — Another convenfion to be held at Philadelphia, in 
May, 1787. 

7. Action of ( onoivss — Approved by resolution their report, and the pro- 
po e I convention. 

IV^— THE COXSTITUriOXAL CONVKXTION. 

1. Tini' — May 14. 1787, to S('i)tember 17, 1787. 

2. PI If. — Pliiladelphia. ."}. Ilepresentation. All the states hut Rhode 
Island. 4. .V secret session — the account jjathered from Mr. .Mudison's papers. 
5. Chairman — (u-oijie VVyshin«lon. G. Kesohition — To form an entirely new 
constitution, (iiound — That the work must tinally be submiMed to. and .ip- 
proved by the people, before it could y;o into ellect. 

7. Plans of Union — [a] Virgiida phiii pioposed May 29. by Randolj)h. 
Hepie>entation ill Conojress in proportion to i>opulation, and Conirress to have 
power lo compcd the state- to fultill fh(Mr oblijrations. [b] New Jersey jjlan 
l>y Pa'teisoM. Cniitiiiuance of I he old c-oiifederation, with the power to lejiu- 
late comiiie]-ce, and raise a revenue. 

.s. Final Plan — A compiomise between the others, [aj 'l"he smaller 
Slates to take a pnipurtiundl share in the lower of the two houses, for an equnl 
share in the upper, [b] Questions — Slave Representation, and slave trade. 
[c] Agreements. 

1. Three slaves to etpial five whites. 

2. Slave trade not to be prohibited until after 1808. 

'i. Other (]uestinns — Settled in same spirit, [d] Completion ot work. 

1. Time — Sepreiiiber 17, 1787. 

2. Nature — A sound, and lasting political woik. 

3. Result — Of wise. Judicious, and even-handed compromise. 

Skc. lo.— STFPS in the ADOPriOX OF TIIF COXS'I'ITUTIOX. 

1. Signed hv rhe didcgates to the convention, September 17, 1787. 

2. Sent to Congress .^e|)tembtM' 28, 1787. 

.'{. Congress gends it tc) the states for the voice of the people through 
their Legislatures. 

On the question of .Adoptini: the Constitution the |)eopIe of tiie United 
States were divided into two gre.at |)arties; viz : Federalists who were for the 
Constitution, a strong centr.il gover-nment, and national snpremai-v. Tbeii- 
leiders were Washington, '.Lay . .\dahis, Hamilton. 

The Anli-I'\'deralists — Weie against the Constitution, tor strong state 
govei nments .and State Kights. 'i'lieir leadeis were, Jetlerson, Burr. Ran- 
dolph, and Madivon. 

A noble relic of this contiovei sy . is the series of papers written by Ham- 
ilton. Jay. .and Madison, over the joint signature of Publius. explaining and 
oefending the Consritntion. These e.ssays had evidently a great elVect u|t{>n 
the minds of the people; and were mainly instrumetital in securing the ailoj," 
lion of the Constitution. 

4. Ratilied b)' the coiivenlions of nine states, June 21. 1788. 



4S 



MAXUAI. OF UM'l'EL) STA'IES HISTORY. 



5. Al-U(^ii (if ilic Odii^i (■<< of ilic CoiireiliM-.-K'y. [.-i] IimIdisl's a resoliuioii 
of oni.' of il> (Oimiiitii'i't; lor uirryiii;; llie iieu' jioveiriiiit'iit into L-U'eL't. 

[i.] I'^ixcs A lime It) rlioosc clcctdis — l''ii'.-t Wt'diu'sthiy of Jami;iiy, 1789. 

i"<] Fixes a liiiu' lo cliuo^c a I'lc.^idL'iit and Vice President — Fii'st Wed- 
iie.-il.iy in Febiii iiy, 17S1_). 

[li] Decide.* tlie lime, and plaee for nieeling. Of the new L'ongTe^s — New 
Yorii, MavL-h 4, 178;). 
Si;c. IG A BIMFF EXPO.SII ION OF TOE CONSTITU TIOX- AS A WHOLE. 

I. Kxci ilrneies — 1. Plain enoni;li to S'lide liie poliey of ilie statesman 
and l!ie ili'ii-ions of i he jndi!:e. 2. Elastic enou;;!) to ^ive lull nl.iy lo iionest 
dill'ciences of opinion and |)aity conte.'Jt, and to fit tlie liody |)olitie at any 
lime in i!s ;:io\\ th fron> 3,000,000 lo 50.000,000 people. 

II. The Bill of Rights — As liie liisr len Amendments lo the Coiisiinition 
v\ I'l e railed, were added so sjDii afler its ailoption (178iJ) as to h<' fairly con- 
sidei-ctl a ptrl id' the oiii^inal instj-ument. Tiiey ^ii.iranleed IVeednm of re- 
liiiion, s[)cecdi, person, and properly. They were adopted ti> coo'.-iliate ihe 
exireme anti-fediM aiists, ami eneoiirai;e I'hode island, and Norlh (.'arolina to 
cn:er inio liie I'nion. which each diii xinn alter. 

III. Clianii-es. 

1. The maniK'i' (d' eh ctinu.' Prcsiilent ami Vice President — .Vmendment 

XII iso;5. 

2. Th(M'Xliri)ation ot slaxi-iy, -J miiary 1, 1803 — See Amendments XIII, 
XIV and XV. 

IV. Reasons foi- t he ' onstil nl ion heini^^ a j:;ood one : 

1. Has oi\('ii ns a hanmtnious and comfortable <i'overnment. 

2. Has i;ivrn us a .siahle jjovemmeni — :is lesled by, foreign war, civil 
war, bitter parly and personal confe.-ts. lin.aiicial convulsions, and uuitaralleled 
prosperity. 

;]. I.S the work of the people, and their true and histinjr jrlory. Siuii- 
mary — "I.san honorable n)enn)iial of ibe political wisdom of the men who 
iVamed that <i-reat instriinM'nt. men \\\\o smoothed a new world's rouiiii face, 
and the cradle of its future rocked beneatli iis sinijin^' pine trees." 

SlcC. 17. Ileie shoidd follow a detailed study of the Constitution; and the 
teacher shoul i at leist preijare .a series of ndated talk.* conceiniiiii' the follow- 
in^' points : 

Skc. I. The Leo-islai ure ] 'V\\v Senate ] Tei in of otlice 

Dc-pirmienl — vi-'Sted | and , Qiialiticifions. Niunl)er 

in the }■ Tin- House <J of members. How clio-eii 

C(mj;ress | of | Worlc of each t)0(ly. Sal- 

whicli comprises J Repi'escntaiives J aries. Some of the powers 

Srx. II. I'lie executive ) Pri'sidcni ^ Quali tications of "ai'h . Term of idlice. 

I >fp;ii Iment | and | How chosen — Electoril i \und)er. 

ve.Med in J Vice | ('ollro-(>. Ad visors— Tin- • Work. 

I Presid.-nl I ('abinei. Salaries. The\ !']lection 
J J work. Some of the powers. 

Sec. hi. The judieiil ) SMM?cme ] No. judiics. Tenure, and terms of 
Deparlment | (_'ourt. | ollice. 
which J District | Work, 

intdniles | (,'ouris. '] Powrrs. 
j Circuit I Salary. 
J < 'ourts. ) How ajipointed. 

Siu:. 18.--OU11 TEUKirORl.M. SVSi'EM. 

The ses.-i ibonf 1781. nf I he Crown I.iml-- lothe I'nion, oriu'iMated lb- 

Territorial System of the United Stales. Fi-om the imnu'iise cession of land 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 49 

thus made was or<;;mizo(l what is called tlie Xoitli-west Territory in 1787. 
Tiie Bill orfraiiiziiiij a Territorial Government for the Territory of the United 
States North-west of the Ohio, was passed by Congress July 13, 1787, then in 
session at New York. 

I. Author of th<! ordinance — I'liomas Jefferson. 

II. Xaiue iiow derived. 

III. Boundaries and Territory. 

IV. Formation of Territories and States. (See below.) 

V. Declarations — 1. Xot less than three nor more than five states to be 
formed from this territory. 2. Xo slavery to exist in it. 3. 'J'he property of 
all persons, <iyino: intestate to be eqnally divided among their heirs. 4. Public 
schools, and State universities must be established. 

1. Ohio organized as a territory in 1800, admitted in 1802 

2. Indiana " " " 1802, •' 1815 

3. .Michigan " " " 1805, " 1837 

4. Illinois " •' " 1800. " 1818 

6. Wisconsin " " " 1836, *• 1848 

VI. Capital — Fort Washington — Cincinnati. 

VII. First (iovernor — General Arthur Saint Clair. 

«KC. 19— PUBLIC EDUCATIOX. 
Prohahlv the greatest of an}' of the declarations of tht' ordinam-e of 1787, 
was the one in regard to public education. Thi' following st^ntiment was ex- 
pressed : ''Knowledge being necessary to good government, and the happiness 
of mankind, schools, and the means of eilucation shall forever be encouraged." 

I. In 1787, Congress orders section sixteen in every township to be set 
apart for the support of public scheols. 

II. lii 1787. Congress also orflers that two wholf townships of land in 
each state be reserved to found and support a State University. 

III. In 1803, orders the same reservation to be made in the States south 
of Tennessee, that it had in the North-west Territory. Although States, 
Counties, Townships, Cities, and Towns, began to levy taxes for the support 
of schools; nothing more was done by Congiess until 1848. On the organiza- 
tion of each territory, and the admission of each stae up to 1848, similar pro" 
visions were enacted as regards |)ublic education. 

Skc. 20— WASIIIXGTOX'S ADM IX ISl'IiATlOX— 1789-1797, 
I. Steps in organizing the government under the new Constitution. 

1. Election of Congress. 

2. Election of Electors. 

3. Election of President and Vice President —April 0. 

4. Inauguration of President — (a) Time. Why not March 4. (b) Phice. 
(c) ceremonies. Oath of oflice, an<l Inaugural Address, (d) Journey from 
Mount Vernon to Xew York. 

5. Meeting of the Congress of the United States. 

G. Org.inizing by Congress of Executive Departments, (a) Of foreign 
atlairs— State, (b) Of treasiwy. (c) Of war. (d) Of law. (e} Postal ilepart- 
ment. 

7. Organization by Congress of a Judicial Department, (a) Supreme 
court. Chief justice, (b) Circuit courts, (c) District court. 

8. The President chooses a Cabinet. 

(a) Thoni.as Jett'erson — .Secretary of Foreign Affairs. 

(b) Alexander Hamilton — Secretary of the Treasury. 



5) MAXUAT. OF LTXITEl) STATES IirSTORY. 

(r) lIcMi-y Kiiox — Sffi'ctiii-y of War. 

(i|) Eiliiitiiiil Jlaiidolpli — Atlonioy GeiuM-al. 

(t') Sainiiol Osirnod — Postmaster General. 

(t) Jolin Jay — Cliief Justice. 

Polities ofCabiiiet, and way so arraiij^od ? 

II— A SKETCH 01^ GEORGE W ASIIIXGTOX. 

I. Birth. Time and place. II. Parents. Rank, education, and wealth. 
III. Educalional advantaixes. IV. Early life on the frontier of Virginia. V. 
AVork in the French and Indian \vai-. (i) Journey to the French forts, (b) 
Campaign of the Great Meadows, (c) Braddock's campaign, (d) Forbe's 
campaign. VI. Work in Parliamentary struggle, (a) In the Virginia As- 
sembly, (b) In tlie Congress of 1774. 

VI. Work in the Revolution — His soldier record. 

VII. Work in the Interregnum — Tiie (,'onstitutional Convention. 

VIII. Ilis work as a President of the Uniied States. 

IX. Hi? character, appearance, habits, writings, philanthropy, his home 
and surroundings. 

X. Death. Wlien. Where. EiVect. 

Ill— DIFFICULTIES IX THE WAY OF THIS ADMIXISTRATIOX. 

1. The continued sickness of the President. 

2. The determined opposition of the Anti-Federalists. 

3. The treasury empty, nnd no credit. 

4. The western Indians at war. 

5. England refuses to make a commercial treaty, or send a Minister to 
the United States. 

G. Spain refuses the free navigation of the Mississippi. 
7. Algerians commit depredation on American commerce. 

IV— WORK OF TIIE COXGRESS OF 1789 AXD 1790. 

1. Pass — The "Bill of Riglits,'' as the first ten Amendments to the Con- 
stitution are sometiirics called. 

2. Fix the salaries per year of certain government officers. President, 
$-2:>,0:):). vice President, $5,000. Cabinet officers, $.S,r,00. Senators, $7 per 
diy, and Iteprescnt-iti I'es, $G per day, eacli with mileage. 

;}. Pa-s after s(>m(» consideiable opjjosirion totlie second clause, and very 
strong opj)osition to the third clause a Financial Scheme, presented to the 
body by lln' Secret'iy of tlic Treasury — Alexander Hamilton. 

( i) Tlie fiiicign dibt of the Confederacy to be assiniied and paid in full. 

(b) The domestic debt of the Confederacy to be paid at its par value. 

(c) The State War Debt, to he assumed and i)aid I)y the United States. 
(c) ThcM'stablisliment of a United States Hank; located at Philadelphi.n 

in 1791, with a charter for 20 years, ami a capital of $10,000,000. It was de- 
signed to serve as a |)lace for Xational Deposits, and to furnish a steady and 
uniform paper currency. 

Cd) Provide a revenue by levying a tax on imported goods, the tonnage 
of vessels, and the distillation of spirits. 

ff) The estal)Iishment of a United States Mint at Pbiladelpliia in 1792, 
to furnish coin. Branch Mints have since been established in X'ew Orleans, 
San Francisco ami Carson (Jity. 

4. TjOCation of the Skat ok Govkhn'mknt. — Before 1790 the Seat of Goy- 
ernmeut had been princii)ally at Xew York. It was now located at PhiU- 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTOET. 51 

delplii.i from 1790 to 1800. After 1800 it was to be on a site chosen on the 
Potomac lliver. The District of Columbia. 

1. When ceded to the United States; and by whoixi? 

2. Size; present size. 

3. When orjjanized V 

4. City, when laid out, and by wlioin? 

5. Population in 1800. 

[See Eclectric Geo;^raphy, Xos. 2 and 3, latest edition.] 
V— JNDIAX WARS. 

1. Ilannei's Expedition, 1790. ) ^Vhel•e 

2. Sr. (Jlair's " 1791. v Con)nion Startinj; Point? 

3. Wayne's " 1794. ) Result of each and all. 

VI— WHISKY REBELLION. 
1. When? 2. Where? 3. Why so c.dled ? 

4. (Jauses? (a) Tax on Whisk}', (b) Tiie anti-Federal Sentiment of the 
People. ((•) The eneonraii^ement of the Freui-h Minister Genet, and his ad- 
herents. 

5. Course of the Presiilent, 1 and 2. 
G. Result. 

Vil— CENSUS REPORT OF 1790. 

1. Population— 3, 929, 214. 

2. Center of Population. 

3. Number of Post Offices — 75. 

4. Exports— $20,000,000. 

VIII— TROUBLE WITH FRANCE IN 1793-'4. 

1. Condiu;t of the French Minister Genet, (a) Abuse of his privilege as 
Embassador, by fittiu<r out privateers ayjainst England, and by organizing an 
expedition again«t the Enirlish in West Indies. 

(b) Ollensive demands for an alliance with France. 

(c) Thi-eatof an appeal to the jjeople. 

2. Course of the President, (a) Issues a Proi'lamation of Neutrality. 
(b) Demands the lecall of Genet. 

3. Difficultv tiMuporarily settled by the recall of the old Minister, Genet, 
and the appointment of a new one, Fauchet. 

IX— TROUBLE WITH ENGLAND. 

1. Causes on the part of the United States, (a) Carrying olF of slaves 
at the close of Revolutionary War. (b) Non-delivery by England of frontier 
military posts, (c) Impressment of American seamen, (d) Capture of vessels 
trading witii tlu^ French in the West Indies. (2) The British incite the fron- 
tier Indians to war. 

2. (\auses on the part of the Eiiglisii. 

(a) States wouhl not allow debts owed English citizens to be collected in 
the Courts. 

(b) Too optMi and too strong a sympathy witli France. 

3. Settlement, by Jay's Treaty, 1795. 

4. Provision of .lay's I'reaty. (•',) Provided indemnity for unlawful 
captures of .\merican ves^ieN. (t)) The United States agrees to allow debts to 
be collected, (c) Xothing arranged as to the impressment of American 
seamen. 

5. Reception in the United States of the Treaty, (a^ Great opposition of 
the people, particularly in the Suuth. (I)) I'lie Cabinet was divided, and the 



53 MAXUAL OF UNTTED STATES HISTORY. 

rrcsi.ltMit nut entirely s;iiistleJ. (c) Sijijiied by tlie Preiideiit uud ratified by 
llie Senate. 

6. Keasons for opposition in the United States, (a) Too tnany conces- 
sion? by ilie United States and too few by Enijland. (a) A stronj; desire for 
}in alliance witii France, because of French aid in the war, the similarity in 
the forms of n^overnment, and the spirit of retaliation against England. 

7. Results of the Treaty. 

(a) Settled amicably tiie diffienlties for the time. 

(b) Proved advantageous to the United States. 

X— TROUBLE wrrn spaix. 

1. Cause — The Spaniards close :lie Mississippi at New Orleans, to all 
Americans, who woidd not pa\- a tax on tlieir vessels. 

2. Mode of settlement — By treaty in 1795. 

3. Agreements, (a) Tiie Americans to iiave free navigation of ihe Mis- 
sissippi, (b) The boundary settled between the United States and Florida. 

(e) Xevv Orleans to serve as an American port of deposit for ten years. 
Xr— TROUBLE WITH ALGERIA. 

1. Cause — Capture of American trading vessels in Mediterranean Sea, 
and enslavement of our citizens, 

2. Mode of settle.-nent. By treaty in 1795. 

3. Agreements, (a) The United States to pay Algeria $800,000 for the 
release of Americans, held a* prisoners and slaves, (b) The LTnited States to 
pay annually $23,033 a« tribute, (c) The Algerians to release all American-. 
(d) Not to molest our commerce in the Mcditeiranean Sea. This difficulty 
was settled in this wa\' — «o humiliating fo the United States — because we had 
no Xavy to send against the pirates of the Mediterranean. 

XII— THE IXVEN'TIOX OF THE rOTTOX GIX. 
1. Time 1792 or '3. 2. Place — Home of Mrs. Gen. Greene, in Georgia. 
3, Inventor — Eli Whitney, a seliool teacher from IMassachu-erts. 

4. Circumstances of the invention. 

5. Importance— Worth at least $1,000,030,000 to the South. "With the 
purcha*e of Louisiana, shaped the course of American history for fiftv 
3'ears." — Mackenzie. 

G. Ert'ecrts. (a) .Made cotton rai-^ing profitable and increased its cultiva- 
tion, (b) Maile a denjand foi- more laborers, and thus rendered slave labor 
profitable, 'c) Made slaverv a permanent institution, (d) Increased the 
commercial pro-perity of the whole Xation. (e) Increased the growth of 
sectionalism between the North and the South. 

7. Relation to a previous diseovery aufl to previous inventions. 

Anthracite Coal had been iliscovered in Pennsylvania as early as 1791, 
hut its value was yft little known. 

Arkwrighr. in Euirland, had alr<'ady ix'it'ected his machines for spinniwg 
cotton, and James Watt his steam etmine. These inventions revolu- 
tionized tlii^ manufactures of England and Ameiira. AVith her power of steam 
F^ngiand was r.ow able to weave clothing for the world, and America was 
ready, after 1792, to furnish all th.- cotton English looms required. [See An- 
tlerson's History. 

XIII— srATES ADMrrrED. 

1. Vermont, a part of X^ew York, in 1791 — a free State. 

2. Kenttu'ky, a part of Virginia, in 1792 — a slave State. 

3. Tennessee, a part of Xorth Carolina, in 1796 — a slave State. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTOKY. 



53 



At, tlu' dust; of tills Ailiniiii^triitioii rlic I'ree ;inil slave Statics were equal 
ill iMiiiihi'i-. 

XIV— MANNERS OF SOCIE PY— Sei^ Tayloi's History. 

1. At fill' Capitol, (a) Reception of the President. Wlien. Where. 
Position. Dre-;-; and manners, (h) Titles for President. Why. (c) Atten- 
daiu-e on ('on Lilt's-;, fd.) Ideas of the Parties as to Court etiquette. 

2. In f.isliionahje life, (a) Hress of Clerjjyinen. (h) Dress of Gentle- 
men. ((■) [)if<-; of a Lady. 

3. Ill coinnioii life. The soldiers. The clothes, carpets, houses, enter- 
taininenls, hotels, lieatinii'of houses, 'nel. 

XV— THE YELLOW FEVER. 
1. When. -J. VVlieie. :i. .\inn her of deaths in Phiiailelphia. 4. EfleOt. 
5. Work of Dr. Itnsli. 

XV {—POLITICAL PARTIES AND CAMPAIGNS. 

1. Before the Adniiidstration. The Question. The Parties. The Prin- 
ciples. The l,e iders. 

2. Dnrinjr the Adininisiratioii. Campaign of 1796. Parties. Chanu:e of 
name. Why. Question. Lea<lers. Residt. Campaiorn of 1796. Qnestion. 
Leaders. Party spirit at this time. Resnlt. 
XVII-RETIREMEXr OF WASfllNGTON FROM THE PRESIDENCY. 

1. His Farewell Address, delivered het'ore Coiiirress in 1786. He recom- 
mended the e.-tihlisliment of a Military Academy, a National University, an 
Instiiiitioii for the Improvement of Aii'riciiltiire. ;uul the increase of the Navy. 
[See W:isliiii«ijt()irs plea for Union — Eclectic Historv, |). 196.] 

, When. 

2. His .Journey to Mr. Vernon. ■- Rmite. 

\ ('(Hidnct of the People. 

'A. Hi< <nhseqnent llistorw 

(a) Hahits of lif(>. (h) Employments, (c) References on Washington: 
Anderson's U. S, Reader — 

(a) VVa-iliington's reply to Colonel Nicola p. 213 

(h) " address to the OtRcei's of tile Army. p. 218 

(c) \V':i-:liiniiion resigning his Commission p. 220 

(d) Mt. Vernon— Rev. VVm. Jay p. 224 

(e) Inanornration of Washington — Hildreth P- 228 

(f) The Lanindi of the Ship — Longfellow p. 231 

(g) Washington at .M r. Vernon — Irvin<r P- '-40 

(h) The Reriremenr of Wasliington — Gnizat p. 241 

(i) 'I'rihnte to Wasliiiniton — Mason p. 24f5 

(j) Character of Washington — Marshall p. 248 

(k) See (inotations in Anderson's Popular School History, p. 191 , 192. 193 

Skc. 21 — JOHN ADAMS' ADM INISTR ATION— 1797-ISOl. 
I. I HK Nkw Pkksidknt : 
1. Age. 2. Services to his country. 

3. His services as a thinker, wiiter, lawyer and worker. 

4. .lefferson's <ipinion of his oratorv. 
."). Distinsruished f(M- what? 1 and 2. 

6. Called the Colossus of American Independence. 
I[_CONDITION SHOWING THE COUNTRY WAS PROSPEROUS. 

1. Sound credit at home. 

2. Floating dcht had heen funded. 



54 



MANUAL OF UNITED 8TA'I'E8 HISTORY. 



;!. Ample rHvemie liad been proviiled. 

4. Del)ts of the Govermiient had been partly paid. 

0. A';ri(;uitiire and (•oninierce tloiii-islunji. 
G. Western Indians paeitied. 

7. War wiih Enj;land averted and pe;.ee eoneiuded. 

5. TrunljJe with Spain and Algeria settled. 

[Tliese cundltinns may l)e ie;;ai(ied as the j^oud lesnlls of the pievious Ad- 
mini.^'lrallon.] 

Ill— riiOUBLE Wrj'H FRANCE. 

1. Ciiase — ('(nidnct ol (hcFi-euch Minister, Adet, who makes intlamma- 
lory .-peeeiies to the peoph*, and oti'ensive tiemands to the Government tor an 
allianee vvidi Friuu-e. 

2 — CONDUCT Of THK FKKNCH MIMSTKY TOWAUO THE UNITKU STATES 

(a; Oider.s Freneh priv.iteers toeaptnre American vessels carr3'ing Enj;'- 
lish t^ouds. 

(I); Ameiiean .Minister, \Vm. Pinl^ney, ordered to leave France. 

(c) Insolent treatment of the United States Envoys. Demand a bribe ot" 
$250,000. Pinliney's rejdy. Envoys, except Gerry, ordered to leave France. 

3 — COURSE OF THE UNITED STATES (iOVEK.V.MENT. 

(a) Adams calls an extra session of Congress. 

(b) Congress semis Marshall and Gerry to aid Finkney to settle, if pos- 
sible, the tronbh's amicably. 

(c) Congress orders a preparation for war, ami a little later sends new 
Envoys to form a treaty. 

(d) The United States declare war. 

4 — HOSTILITIES AT SEA. 

(a) French insurgents capiiire (he American — Retaliation, (b) Ameri- 
can Constellation, the French Insurgent, and nearly takes the Vengeance. 

5 — COUUSE OF XAPOLEOX. 

(a) Seeks peace. Cb) American Embassadors ordered to treat, (c; Treaty 
eoncliided. September, 1800. 

I V— LEG ISL ATION AG Al NST FORE IGN ERS— 1 798. 

1. Ouiisc. The insolent condnct of the French. 

2. Alien L'lw. (aj Naturalization period extended from 5 to 14 years; 
and mnst register inuiu'diately on coming to the United States, (bj The Rres- 
ident given [jower to order any person ont of the conntry whom he deemed 
injnrions to the United States. {(■'} Any alien in the Uiuted States, on break- 
ing out of war, might be secnred. 

;i. Sedition Law. (a) Punishment of any one libeling or slandering th« 
President, Congress, or any <»overnment oHicer fnnn doing his duty, (c) 
Punishment for (a^i $2,000, and imprisonment from (J months to 2 years ; for 
(b) $5,000, and imprisonment from (J montlis to 5 years. 

4. lii'.siilts. (a; liroke the power of the Federal Party, (b) Ruin of the 
political hopes of Adams, (c) Brought about the Virginia and Kentucky Res- 
olutions of 1798. P'irst public announcement of thi' St.-ites' Rights Doctrine. 

V— DEATH OF WASHINGTON. 

1. I'ime, September 14, 179!). 2. Pi.ace — .Mt. Vernon. 

'.i. .Vction of Congress, (a) Proceded in a body to the German Lutheran 
Chinch It) hear an oration by General Lee. (t)) Went in mourning during the 
session. 



MANUAL OF I'NITEU SPATES HISPORY. 55 

4. Fiiiicnil I'enMiionics. 5. KttVct on Europe hiicI on the United States. 

0. (,)iior:irioii> .tlxiiii \V;i--i)iiiiitoii : XcB— "Firsr in war, fir-fst in peaoe, and 
lirst in ilie hearts ol his vonntry men.'" (h) yiapolton — -''riie warrior, the letr- 
islator, and tiie citizen vvilhonl reproach." (.•) Byron — ''The tirsr, the last, 
tiie h« St, the Cincinnattns oC llie West." (d) Lanl B'-oiuiha'm—'''\]\\t\\ time 
sliall he no more, a test of the prooji'css uhicli our race has made in wisdom 
and virtue will he derived from the veneration piid lo the immurUd name of 

Wnshiutjtini.'^ (e) '" I'rovidence left liim eiiijiiless tlnat lii# country might call 
him Father." 

\' I— SECOND CENSUS— 1800. 

1. Population, r),:>l!l.7l'.-_'. 

■>. Niimlierot Post-0(Kcey, yO;:{. 
3. Exports, $71,000,000. 

VII— I'll K WESTWARD MOVEMENT. 

1. lmmiiir:iiiou of Daniij B'>one to Kentm-kv. 2. The Pioneers, [a] 
'i'heii- lives. [h\ D\vellin<is. [cl Food, [il] Cooking utensils, [e] Clothing. 
[f] Beds, [g] Cre;it \v:int — common saU — u here niade. Value in Oliio and 
Kentucky. How transp()rted. Salt springs. 

VllI— SO( lAL AND DOMESTIC EIFE. 

1 Use of umhrellas. 2. Of plates. 3. Of tire and light, i. Clorhing. 
5. Hunting and ti-hing. 0. The South and West. 7. The theatre and the- 
atricals. vS. M usical concerts. 9. B.-dls, guests, time and dance.s. 

!X— MEANS OF I^UBLIC CONVEYANCE. 

1. Kinds. Huise-hack. On foot. .Sloops. Stagecoaches. Name. 

2. Saying of John C^. Adams as to his .lunual visit to his home at Quincy. 

X— ELEC'I'ION OF NEW OFFICERS— 1800. 

1. Party spirit. Why so high r 

2. Caii-'es of dissatisfaction with Federal p;irty. [.\lien law. [bJSedition 
law. [cj 'I'hought to lie iendiug toward a monarchy, [d] Thought to be 
friemlly to England, and unfrieindy to France. 

.■{. Candidates — Fedenil parly, .hdin .\dams Mud William Pinckney. Re- 
piddicMii p.ir'y, 'I'honias .lelt'erson and Aaron Burr. 
-I. (^(notion at issue — Alliaiu;e with France. 

5. 'l"he cami>aign. [:i] The views of .lett'erson from a Richmond newspa- 
per. 'I'he motto, [hj The Federal hatred of Jefferson, lilustraticuis. 

(J. The residt of the election, [a] A choice of .Jefferson as President. 
[hj 'I'he complete overthrow of the P'ederal party, [c] The defeat of Burr. 

7. 'i'he weak place in I he Constiti'fion . What, and how remedied. See 
amendment XII. 

8. Origin of caucus nonnnations. When, Why. 

'I'lJOMAS JEFFERSON'S A DM IN IS'l'RATION— 1801-1809. 
I. The fiew Presitlent. 

[a] Education and wealth. [I)] Religion. [c] Characteristics. [d] 
Leader of what party, and an advocate of what doctrine? [e] His theory of 
Government, [f] ('haracier of his cabinet, [g] Acts of reform, and economy. 
As to army .•iiid navy. .\s to the number of goveinment officers. As to in- 
ternal taxes. .As to violators of Sedition Act. As to the period of navigation. 
[hi Removal from pid)lic otlice. Nnmbei'. 35. Ground. The affairs of g<iv- 
ernment can he best administered, when all the officers are of the same politi- 
cal sentiment. Effect. Set a precedent for Jackson, 



o6 MANLTAT. OF UNlTf]D STA I'ES HISTORY. 



1!— TERRITORIAL LEGISLATION OF THIS ADMIXISTRA ITON. 

L Division of Norlli-vvesr Territory. ) Time, 180!). Lini' — from tiie inoiitli 
•J. Ohio !i(iiiiitte(l. I Time, 1802. " [-of tlie Grt';ir Miami tiii-oii.<ili Fort. 

- Limirs. Same as) Recovery to Canada. 

) now. 

Indian Teiritory oro^ani/ed. [a] Time. 1802. [Ii] TJmirs. All of the 
Norlh-vvest Terriroi-y hut Oliio. [cj ('apitai. Vincennes. [t\] Fii--r Governor. 
William H. Harrison. 

4. Mississi|)i)i Territory oi-jianized.^ [a] Time, 1802. [b] I^tmits. The 

\ present Alabama an<l Missis-;ippi. 

5. Mieliio-an Territory ory-anized. [a] Time, 180."). [It] Limits. The 
])resent Michigan and VVisc'on,sin. 

(>. Orleans T<u-ritory or«j:anized. [a] Time, 1804. [b] TJmits. The pres- 
ent Tjonisiana. The remainder of tiie Ijonisiana jjnrehase was called Louisiana 
Tcriitory for some years. 

7. The pnrcliase of Louisiana. 

[a] Time, 180;j. [b] From whom. Napoleon L. of F'ranec. [e] Pi-iee $1.5,- 
000,000. Debts of i|!;j,750,000 to be paid United States citizens for depredations 
on onr con)merce. Bonds woi'tli ^l 1.2.')0,000 wei-e iiivcn Napoleon. To be 
paid in tifteen years. Interest six per cent, [d] (; rounds of transaction. Na- 
poleon needed monej' to carry on war, and sold to hnnit)le Enuland who had 
a lai-t^e fleet ready to conquer Louisiana. 'The United States bought to secure 
the naviu'ation of the Mississippi, and to jret lands on which to raise cotton. 

[e] Xeootiatifms. When. Where. Aofents of.tlie United States. Robert 
Livin<rston and .James Monroe. Sayings of Napoleon !\\\(\ liivinffston. Area 
1,000,000 square miles. Boundary (see Se.avry). Effects, [a] On the growth 
of the Inland States, [t)] On the cultivation of cotton ami siijrar cane, [c] On 
slavery. 

Ill— TROl'BLE WITH THE BARBARY STATES. 

1. Time, 1801. [2] Causes. A demand lor more tribute, ;ind the en.slav- 
\ii<j; of American citizens. 

.'L Events. A fleet sent to the MiMlitterr.inean, and the states made to 
come to irioi-e reasonable terms. 

.'{. Result. Eneourasred the Algerians in their insolent demands for 
tribute and I'ansoms; and in their piracy on Americad commerce. 

IV— TROTTBLE WITH AARON BURR. 

1. A sketch of .\aron Burr, inclitdiuij his family, education, military and 
political services. 

2. Political a.spiration, and plan. 

.3. Opposition of Hamilton. \Vhy. Effect. 

4.- Duel of Burr and Hamilton, [a] Place, [b] 'Time, .U\]y 11, 1804. [c] 
CiriMimsfances of the duel, [d] Efte(it on Burr — immediate and ultimate. 

5. Burr's expedition in the west. ' 

[a] Avowed object, [b] Supposed object, [e] Action of the Government. 

(). Associ.ates of Burr, [a] Harman Blannerhas.set, a nolile, educated, and 
we.ilthv Irishman who had a ttne home on an island in the Ohio river twelve 
miles below Mariett.a, .and (General .fames Wilkinson, Governor of Louisiana. 

7. 'Trial of Burr. [;i] Time, 1807. [Phioe, Richmond, Virfjinia. [c] 
Jiidtre, r'hief .Fustice Marshall, [d] The lawyers. Burr plead his own case, 
aideil by Henry <'liiy, while the great Williatn Wirt acted a.s prosecution. 

8. Charges — 'Treason. 1. In attemjiting to revolutionize the territory 



MAN'UAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



west of tlu- Allctjliinios, .-ind to f»ytat)li*Jli .•in indeppiuleiit tMiipiro tlieie, of 
wiiicii X(Mv Orlc.-iiis \v;is to he the ciipitiil. ;im! himself tliR eliief. 

2. Of <rotiiii>r up .•111 expedition ajriiiiist Mexico, tlieii l)eloiio:iii>r <<> Spuin, 
it naiioii with wiiieii tlie United Stiites were iit peace. 

9. Decision of Marsli;ill — "Acquitted for want of sntficienr ovidenco.'' 

10. L;i!or history, and deatli. When. Where. 

V— EXPLORIXG EXPP^DiriOX OF LEWIS AX^D CLARKE. 

\. Piirpo^i — Sent oMt hy the jjovernmenr to explore the iate liOnislanii 
piircliase. 

2. Time. 1801— ISDG. 

.'{. Wmk — Ascended the Missonri to its source, crossed the Rocky Monn- 
taiii<. and explored the Coinmhia to its month. Difficulties and trials. 

4. Re-nit — G;ive the United States a claim to Oregon. Was of miicli ad- 
v.intaire to science and knowledge, and opened np the way for immigration. 

G See Eclectic History, p.-ige 211. for later history of the leaders. 

VI— APPOlXr.MEXT OF .lOIIX" MARSHALL, CHIEF' JUSTICE. 

1. Time of .•ippointnient, 1801, in office thirty-five years. 

2. .Miility — Greatest American Judge. 

?,. Work— [i] To modify the i)ririciples of English b^w, and to adapt them 
to onr altered form of government, [h] He rendered a great nnmher of de- 
cisioiii a- guides for the courts of future generations. 

4 Snmm-ir- — "He plai'ed on a firm, and enduring h.-isis the noble strno- 
tiiie of American law. 

VI I— EUROPE AX BLOCKADE. 

1. Cause — France and England heincr ;ir war, instituted this hlock.ide for 
ihe purpose of destroying each other's trade, 

2. Time, 18.)fi-0. 

3. .Action of Engl.ind — Orders in council, [a] Declaring the coast of 
Fraif'e to he in a stite of hlockad*'. [ti] Prnhihit the coasting trade of France ; 
and tli:U all vessels friding with France must first n-iv tribute to Englnnd. 

4. Action of France — [a] Rerlin decree — Xapoleon declares the British 
Isles in r state of bloi-kade. [h] Milan decree — Xapoleon i-onfiseates all ves- 
sels in his ports. Thit had s-ibmitted to English sparcb.or paid England tribut». 

5. EfT'-ct. \:\] Desrrovs the commerce of the nations at war for the time. 
[b] Greatly injured the commerce of the Uniteil States and other nations. 

VIII— TROUBLE WITH EXGLAXD. 

1. Pauses — f;,! Difl'i-rence in ideas of tiie Tenure of allagience — American 
doctrine, and English doctrine, fb] The (>apture of American trading vessels, 
and the /m/)rf.<!.<nyi(')(/ of American seamen, fc] The naval troubles — The Ches- 
apeake and Leo|)ard. The President and IJttle Belt. 

2. Action of the United States — [a] The President orders all British war 
vesseln to leave United St:ites waters, [h] Congreifs passes the Embargo Act. 
in 1807 — orileriiifr all Americin vessels to stav at home; all abroad to com** 
home. .All foreign vessels in ports to stay. This net was repealed in 1809; 
because it did not cause a idiaiige in the conduct of France or England, and 
mined onr coiijimerce. [c] (^ongress p:isses the Xon-intereonrse act, 1809, 
ordering no more trade witli England or France until they made reparation 
for wrongs done the United State?. 



MAXUAT. OF UXITED STAPES ITISTORY 



IX— INVEXriOX OF THE STEAMBOAT. 

1. Eriily oxpiTimciir-; — [n] Of \Villi;m! II(mii-v. [!i] Of John Ramsey on 
the Potoiiiac. [f] Of Jolin Fiteh od tlio D. 'la wart', 17S8. 

2. Sayiiijjof tin* imct Darwin. 

0. Till- iiivi'iitor — RolxM't Fulton. A slioi-t sketrli of his life. 

4. Aitli'd liy Oiianeclior Li viny-^ton. 

5. Trial \■■^y■.\'Si — [a] Tinii\ [U] Place, [e] Distance. [,1] Speed, [e] 
Name of boat, [f] Xicknime. 

G. Suyrstitioii of p"opie as to the steaii)l)o:xt : and the opposition to Ful- 
ton's scheme. 

7. Re>ults — [i] Great aid to tlie iur(M-n il developments of the country. 
[h] clieapened the co-t of tr in-portalion. [r] R mnil the Xortii and Sonilk 
more firndy to^ethes'. [dj Made the Union more sizable and permanent. 

8. References on the steamboat. 

[a] Sleam navi<;atioi; — Timbs-Andor'-on's United St;ites Reader, paj;e 2G1. 

[b] Andei'soa'- P.ipnlir .School History. Fulton's lirst sfeaml)Oit — Story. 
I)a2;e201. ilow the Clermonr was rejjirded — Ilolden, i>a;re 190. 

X— 'ITIE FOREIOX SLAVE TRADE. 

1. 'I'he A frican coast ti-ade — [a] How Ion;; carrieil on? [b] The JIidt11<» 
Passage. (What. Loss.) 

2. 'I'lie airreement in the Conilifution — [a] What, [h] When, [c] Why. 
[d] Recommendation of tiie Pri\«ident in the me*sau;e of 1807. Ground. 

0. .Action of Congress, [a] Debate on th(» foreiijn slave trade. When. 
Wliv. [h] The law chaMipinned bv Josiali Qiiincy. Wliat. When. Effect. 

[c] Eui^lanirs law .-i^ to the foreign slave tr iile. W^li.at. When. 

•1. Fnrtiier existence of slavery, [a] In all the states but Massachnspttsi 
till the Revolution, [hi Ah(dishnient in ihe northern states. When, [c] In- 
ler-stato slave ti-ade. 

;■). rnter-national I iws on slave trade. [a] Mode of trade a.-fer 1808. 
Why. Effect, [bj Action of the United States and Euirlaud in 1811 . What. 
Wiiy. [c] Action of the United State- :ind En<rland in 1822. Wli.at. Why. 
[1] Action of all civilized nations. 

Xf— XOAII WEBSTER AXD IHS DICTIOXARY. 

1. Coi]ceptio:i of Webster at the age of twenty-fonr. • 

2. Condition of tlie literatui-e of the country. 

3. Pnblicatio!! of tlie Americ an Spelling Book, [a] Time, [b] Character. 
[c] Work, [d] Sale per yivir, and total sales. 

4. Publication of Dictionary — [a] Time, fb] Form, [e] Improvements. 
.'. Sugirestion of Dr. Goodrich. Who. When. Effecr. 

0. The Unabridged r)ictionary. When, How long in prepai-ation. 7. 
Its great rival. 

H. Their effect, [a] An aid to escaping differences in spelling and pro- 
nunciation, [h] ,\n aid in becoming a nation of one languaire. 
Loading editions of Dictionaries, 

XII— THE FIRST FOREIGX MISSIOXARY SOCIETY. 

1. Formed — When. Whei-e. Leadei-. 

2. American Board of Foreign Missions — When. 

3. Spread of the missionary spirit to relinious people. 

4. Th(i American Board — [a] Xundjer of missions. [li] Work. 



MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES niSTORY. 50 

X IF r— SOCIETY A'l' THE CAPITAL. 

1. ni:in<;t» in:i(Ic hv tlie U^'piihliciin?. 

2. Action of .rdfiTsoii — [ti] A« to court otiqiifte. Effect, [b] As to man- 
ner of jrf>iii.ir to ron<i-r('s<. [(•] Oris;in of Presidential Message, [il] As to Pres- 
idential levees, [c] As lo linlidays and liirflwlays. 

S. Effect in sTPneral. 
XIV— OKKilX OF THE IXDIAX POLFCY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

The leadiriiT jioints w ere : 

1. To pni-cliasc tlieir land-, except wiiat tliej' wonld cultivate themselves. 
2. To lead tlu'in ro airiicnltnre, in.tcad of war and Imntin":. 3. To remove 
them west of the Mississippi as soon as it cnnld bo peacefully and justly done. 

XV— ELEPTIOX OF KEW OFFICERS— 1808. 
1. Partv spirit. 2. Cliarii-es of the Federalists. 

3. Request of the Stare E^irislatures as to a third term. 

4. Gorxl i-esnlts of bis Administi-ntion. 

5. Question ar is^nt^ — Wir \vifh Fnerland 

0, Position of the parties. 

7. Candidates of parric-;.) FcibirUsts, Charles Pinckney and Rufns King. 
S. Result. \ Republicans, .Jas. Jfadison and Geo. Clinton. 

JAMES MADISOX'S ADMFN'ISTRATIOX— 1809-1817. 

1. 'I'he ni'w Presiilcnr — 1. P.irtli. When and where. 2. Educatiau. 3. 
Social position and wealth. 4. Ollii-ial liistoiy. 5. Politics in early life, in 
later life. G. Called — The Father of the Constitution. 7. Characteristics of 
Madison. ( -^ee Eclectic History, page 220.) 

ir— IXDIAN WAR IN INDIANA. 
1. Time. ISll — 2. (~!auses. [a] Indian hnuting irronnds taken without 
their con^-ent. fh] Indians forced to deed their lands to the government for a 
ti-itle. [c] Indians massac?-e the whites. 3. Indian leaders, Tecum*e!i and the 
Prophet. 4. Event. Rattle of Tinpecanoe. AVhen. Where. Leaders. 
Events. Effect-!. (To be stu'lied under the History of Indiana.) 
T I [—SECOND WAR wriTT EXGLAXD. 

1. Causes — See [ji,] [b] and [c] under causes of trouble with England in 
Jefferson's Administration, [d] British incite tli- frontier Indians to war. 

2. General facts — [a] blotto — Free trade and sailors liirhts. [b] Invasion 
of Canada: and the captni-e of it* olijective points, [cj Naval affairs. 

3 — i,i:ading kvf.xts of the w.\r. 

[a] Perry's victo^v on LidvC Erie 1813 

Where. Forces. Events and elfccts. 

[b] Rattle of rhe Thames 1813 

When.' Where. Leaders. Events. Effects. 

fc] Rattle of Ni;iL^ara 1814 

Wheic. Ofiier ininu'S. Events. Leadeis. Result, 

[d] Battle of Lake Champlain 1814 

(Same topics as above.) 

[e] Battle of Plattsbnrg 1S14 

(See above.) 
[t] Burning of Washingtmi 1814 

By whom. Leader. AVhy. Effect. 
[g] Battle of New Orleans. (Peculiarities.) 1813 



no 



M.WUAT^ OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 



■i — i:i:sui.TS OF ruio wak of 1812. 

[•i] A (k-bt of over $100,000,000 coiitniL'teil. 

[1»] CtiimiieiL'L' was (k'srroyed, .•md iiiiliisti-ics wore ilnj^rt-'sseil. 

[i-] Till' trea-iurv was empty, ami public crcdil was ijoiip. 

[■I] Want of liarinoiiy ami iiiiiiy aiiioniX the states. 

[(■] Em'omaizcil liMiiie inaimfactiircs. 

[f] t.'aiiscil I lie let'liarteriii;^ of the United States Bank. 

[j] Proved our wars sluuild hi' defensive, and eleva;ed thn United States 
as a iiiilitaiy power. 

[h] Fully eiuauoipated us from Eni^laud. 

"I'he 'I're.aly of Glieuf- [a] Tiuie, Deeeinhcr 24. ISU. [h] Plaee— Paris. 
[ej Aireuis, .John Q. Adams, .James A. Biyard. Henry Clay . J(Uiai liau Jlussell. 
and Albert Gaila'iu. [e] Ueecption of ircatv in United Slates, [d] liatitiea- 
tion by Scnaio Ft l:)ruary 17. 181."). 

[e] Main Piovi^ions — Hostilities should he suspended. All prisoner.s 
should l)e I'xehaniied. Mutual restoration of all eonquereil territory. B(Uiu- 
daries should he .-filled. Both iiovernmeui.s should eoinl)ine to suppress the 
slave trade. Xothin^ said about free iraile <>v sailor's ritihis. 

IV— GROW I'll OF .S PATES RIGIIT'S DOC I'RI XE— (.Johnston.) 

1. Hartford l^e.ace Gouvention — [a] Where. Hartford, ('onueclieut. [b] 
Time, ISli. [e] Ri'pre-;eutation. 'i'he prineipd inhabitants of and iiududinir 
ropia-sentatives from .Massaidiusel ts, Rhod(^ /sland, and Giuineetieut, :iml parts 
of Vermont and Xew Uampshiia'. (he t!)r<'e river euunlies, t'o?nierl\' sold 
nampshire county . [d] i*urpose, "To consider wiu-tber- any measures « otdd 
b(Maken lo arrest the eoutinuanee of the war, and provide foi- the p-eueral 
safety." [e] Etteets — Thnu;rhr by ils members lo have hastened the ei>nelusi()n 
of a treat V of peace. By the frienils of IMadison and of 'lie wai-, was looked 
on as trea-unable. Was the tinal step in the downfall ,<f tlu' Federal party. 

(See "Objects of Hartford convention" — X^oaii Webster, jjajre 301, Amicr- 
sou's Historical Ileuder.) 

2. .\ctioii of theTj"jjislatures of .Massachusett.s and Connecticut — [a] Pa.-s- 
t'd laws directly in o|)pr)siiion lo the statute of the United States providing!: for 
I he enlistment, of minors. 

[b] These state l.avvs subjecred to fine ;ind iini)risonmenf iliose enyaj^ed in 
Carryiui; out the uatioiiai statute. 

The return oi peace preveiirel any direct eollisiiui between the nation .and 
the .states. (See pau;es 7.^ and 70, Jo'.in^ton's American Politics.) 
V— TROUBLE WITH ALGERIA. 

1. Can-* — A tribute of !i;2;{. 000 per > etir for seventc<'n years, and inany 
liiousaud doll.ars for the r.ansom of Ameiic.in |)risoiiers did uotsullice to secure 
our conmercR from the a^jcre-sious of these piratical thieves. 

2. Events — (Joininodore Decatur sent with a llet^t to the Meditterrinean ; 
and the Dey brouifht to leniis. 

;{. Etfecis — 'I'he .Vlijerians o-jve up all idaiiu to tril)ute, ami ajxrcc to let 
aloni' American i-oinnn'rce i n the .Meditt( franean .Sea. 

VI— RE-CHARTERIX(i OF THE UXITED STATES BAXK. 

1. Review cltarteriuu: of iln^ biid<. (See Ilamilfon's scheme.) 

2. Efl'ects of the E.vpitation of the charter in 1811. [ i] Other banks sus- 
pend specie j)iyments. [b] ('oiu becomes scarce, [c] Business depressed, and 
commerce i)aralyz:,'d. [d] Private etlorts ;it sujjplyin^ the need for money. 



MANUAL OF EXITED STATES HISTORY. 61 

y. Action of roii<i:re!«s — l*;t;ises the Uiiited Stutes B.iiik Bill. 

4. Actio ' of tlif Prcsiileiit— Vetoes tlie l)iil. 

5. FniTlicr action of Coiigie>s — I'ass tlic Bill for the Baiiiv in an aiiiejuled 
foi-iH. [.ij Time, 181G. [b] Capital, !|;;^."),0()U.()00. [c] Brandies in the ieadinjr 
commercial cities, [d] Purpose, to supply money at .all limes redeemable in 
>jold and silver. To perfoi-m the linancial bnsine-s of tlie liovernment, without 
cliai<;'c, and In receive as compensation the use of the national deposits, [e] 
dialler, twenty yeais. [fj (Joes in o])eiarioM March 4, 1817. 

The same arguments that Hamilton had produced for its establishment by 
the Feder.alists in 1790-1, were aiiain bron;flit forward by tlie Keimblicans for 
its re-establishmt'iit in 181lj. 

VH— STATES A DM IT TED IX I'll IS AD.M IX iSTKATlON. 

1. Eoui>iaiia — [a] Origin of name, [bl Limits, [cj Orleans territory or- 
ganized. 'Time and limits, [d] The Distiict of Lonisi;iiia organized. 'Time 
and limits, [ej The Frencli settlements. Wlieii. Where, [f] Admission of 
Loni^iana as a st.ate. Time. 

■J. Indi-in.a — La i First Setilement — When. Where. By whom, [b] In- 
diana Tciritory organized. When. Limits. Capital. Govei'iior. [c] In- 
dian wars in Indiana. When. Where. Events. Effects, [d] Admi.ssion as 
a state. Wlieii. Character of its Con-tittition. 

VllI— I.M.MKiRATlOX TO THE UXITED STATES. 

1. (icncral tact concei'uing immigration. 

2. Iiiimii;r;iiion per aiinnni from 178.3 to 180;^. 
y. " 1803 to 1813. 

4. Immigraiion diiriiiir 1810. 5. AVork of these Immigrants. 

IX— (JHEAT XAMES OF THE TIMES. 
1. Or.aiors. 2. Others. 3. IJterary men. 

4. Xatnrenf the liteiature from 1705-1815. 

5. Qnarrels among newspapers, ;ind the epithets of abuse. 

0. Power of the press then and now. 

X— MAX rFA(. TIRES. 

1. Ceneral fat't concerning m.tnufactniing. 

2. i'owcr employed .at this time. 
8. Water iMiwer w hen niilized. 

4. 'The cotton mill of Francis Lowell, .and its reliition to previous Eng- 
lish in\entions. 

5. New England becomes ;i inaMiifactnring section — Why. Effect of 
steam as a motive power on this change. 

\I — AMFRICAX BIBLE SOCIETY. 

1. l^Miiidccl — When. Wliere. /l^y whom. Purpose. 

2. Cost of a Bibb — [a] Before the invention of printing, [b] At the close 
of the Revolution.ai-y war. fc] .\t the present time. 

[d] Life of the Society — \VorU. Don.ations. Publishing house. 
XII— FIRST SAVIXGS' BANK. 

1. Founded — NVhen. Where. Purpose. 

2. Dis|)osal of funds. 

3. E(rects~[ i] On the industry and thrift, [b] On the amount of money 
saved, [c] On the increase of savings' banks. Xuinber at present in the 
L'^nited States. Xumber of depositors. Amount of deposits. 



62 .MAXUAI. OF CyiTED STATES H [STORY. 

XII I— AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY. 

1. Foiiiieil — W'lieii. Purpose. 

2. Niitiire of tlie SL'lieme. 

3. Work of tlie society. 

4. Work of the South — Why f;ivoriil)lf' ? 

5. Country selected — X.imc SitiiMtioii. CliiDute. 

6. Capital — Wliy so callcil ? Population, (iovernnient. 

7. Imuiijiration to Eiberia now — Why so .«lovv? 

XIV-TIIE ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS— (1816) 
1. Hope of the Federal party, 
"i. ( 'auses of its loss of power. 

8. Tlie question at Issuh". 

(Janrlidale- — fa] l{ei)nbliLMn^. James Monroe, and L). D. 'l"on)pkins. [b] 
Federalists, Rnfiis Kinj^'aiid .lohn E. IlDuai'd. 

JAMES MONROE'S ADM INISTRATION— 1817-18-25. 

I. Tlie new President. 

1. Birth — When. Where. 2. Edneation. 3. Sneial posinon and wealth. 
4. Reli.i!,ii)n. 5. OlHeial History. (5. Politics. 

7. Policy and natiiie of the Adniinisti-ation. Called what? 

8. Ground of Popularitv — [a] Had been a Revolutionary siddier, and 
tilled many otHces of trust, [h] VV^.as a <rood man of s-ome ahilify and cultuie. 
[(•] Was a 2:00 1 soiitliern man. [d] ( 'oneiliated the opposite party by jrifts of 
(jttice. [e] Made an offl(-ial tour throuohout the "onntry. 

II__|'Ji()['P,I,K WITH SEMINOLE INDIANS. 

1. 'I'inie — 1817. 2. Place. Soufh'^ni Ceorujia. 

2. ('auscs — [1] Minor. Shelten'fl runaway slaves and criminal-;. Hostile 
raid-; of the Indians, [hi chief— A desire of the whites to tret their lands. 

.'5. Expeditions of (xcneral Gaines atid General Jackson. The former un- 
successful, the latter a jxrand success. 

4. Resiilis — [a] Indians corn|ndled io >ne for peace, [h] Indians com- 
pelled to oive up all iiinaway <lave«. [>•] The Indians airree to remove heyond 
the Mississippi. 

.\nd wilh Spain see lielow. 

ill — IN\^ENi'10N OF THE SHOE PEG— (See Newman, patre4l4.) 

I. Time — 1818. 2. Inventor, .Joseph VValker, of ITf>pkinson, Massachu- 
setts. ;{. lniportaMt'<'. Its use hail not heen knowji before this date, and the 
introduction of it ij-ive a irreaf impuNe to the mar.uf.acture of boots and shoes. 
Nothiusj," hut seweil w(uk had been pi-eviou dx- made. The priite and quantity 
were niucli affected by thi-' little thintr. 4. Method of mainu'acture. By hand, 
and by nuudii '■•cry. ."). 'I'his invention led t(» the invention of the peggino: 
macdiine, by wiiicli i)eif;jin^' work can he |)roduced with j^freat r.apidity. 
TROFBLE WITH SPAIN— 1818-1821 . 

1. Action of Jackson — (a) Captures Saint Marks. Why? (b) Haiiffs 
British Emissaries. Number. Why? (c) (Captures Pensacola, and sends 
Spaniards to llavauua. 

2. Elfeet — (.-i) On enemies, (b) On friends, (c) On President, (d) On 
Contrress. ','>. Result — Acquisition of Florida, (a) Causes — This country 
served as a hidinj;- place for the S|)anisli emissaries, and criminals from jus- 
tice, 'i'lu? United States also bou;>ht it to stop the smujjirlinj!: of slaves, .and the 
south urjred its purcliase, as they knew it would become slave territory. 



MANUAL UF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



6:^ 



Spuiii sold for feiir slit-woiilillo.-c tlic icrtiiory by force, (d) Time, 1819 — 
Treaty coiicliided in 18:21. fej Price, |.),()UO,OOU. (f) Conditions of sale- 
Spain <)-ive.s np all claim to Fiori.la. The United States relinquishes all claim 
to Texas. The United States to pnx her citizens ^.j.OOI^OOU dnt^. them from 
Spiin. The boundary bet v\('en tiie Louisiana i)urchase and Mexico. Texas 
settled at Sabine Kivei. 

1 1 1— I \ I'KK.X A L 1 M I'HU VEMENTS. 

1. When first advocated. 

2. Necessiiy of such work. 

3. Question to be (.lecideil — Whether consriiutional or not. 

4. Idea of Monroe — Improvements desirable, but not constitutional. 

5. Action of Conjiress — (;i; .\ ppiopriates money to build several militar}' 
roatls. ( b) Pa<<Hs a bill for a n iii"ii;il lo.id tron> Cumberlnnd, Maryland, to 
Wheeliniif. Viiiiinia — ( 'innltcil.ind load, (c) Passes a bill for surveys for a 
national canal system, (d ) liefers the question ro the states. 

(J. Action of \c\v York — Builds Erie Canal, (aj Where- -Buffalo to 
Albany. (I); 'I'ime, 1S17-1825. (cj First propose.l bj- .Jesse Hawley. (d) 
l.eaijer, l)e Wilt (iinton, Govcriun- of \imv York, (a) Leiiijth, 363 miles. 
(t) Cost nearly .i;8,(i(»(i,00U. (srj Formal openinif, October, 1825. The Gov- 
ernor and m my yiiests sailed from Buff do t(> New York in a steam barge, at- 
tended l»y music and i he io;ir of cannon, (lij Effects — Opened the grain anil 
sfO(d< fields (f the west to Europe, (iit-iit aid to the commercial j,"iX)Wth of 
New York city, i i) Makes ("hicago the great grain, meat and lumber market 
of the west. 

7. Building of the Xaiional lioad — (a) Wlieie — (Jumberland, Murvbuid, 
to Saiur Loui-, Missouri. (Iij Condition as regiirds a roid when Ohio came 
into the I'nion. (c) \V^)rk done, (d) Why iintiui»hed y Because the property 
of whom, (e) I'lc-cnt condition, (b) Leading towns on this I'oad. 

8. Aciioii of Indiiiia — Buillsibc Wabisli and Erie Ciiuai. (a) Where — 
From Evansvillc io Terie Haute; then the gciieral course of the Wabash River 
to Fort W:iyne;]l ben down .Maiimee to Toledo on Lake Erie, (b) Time, 1848 — 
18.")2. (c; Cost, lU.OOU.OUO. i,d) Length, 271 miles. Why abandoned— be- 
cause the great expense necessary to keep the bed of the canal free from de- 
posit< of mud more than equ illed the p?-otits ot traii<port:ii ion. 

.fl.OUO.dUK private i-apital. $8,000,000 promised l)y the State. (Not yet 
I)aid.) 

V— FORM.ATION OF NEW STATES. 

1. Immiirration — This administration was nnrked by immense material 
expansion. Beyond the .Alleghanies millions of fertile acres were awaiting 
the tiller's industiy and skill. Home-; in the east were deserted; emigration 
flowed over the mountains in .a broad .and vigorous stream, nnd before 1821, 
four new sovereign staler had sf.irted into being, from the wilderness of the 
great west, and one in the e.-ist. 

2 and .S. .M issi<si ppl :nid Al.-ibama — {:\; Terriiorv ceded to the United 
States. Wli-i 
Time. Limit' 



When. By whom. (b) .M is^is-ijipi Territory (U-ganized. 
(cj Mississippi admiiii'il. Time, ami Alnbama Territory or- 



gaid/ed. d; Alabama admitted. 'IMim 

4. 
When 



Illinois— (a) First white men t«) see Illinoi-. (b) First settlement. 
Where. By whom. (c) Tbe lead at Galen.-i. (d) Admission as a 
state. Time, (e) Reasons for rapid growth, (f) Construction of railroads, 
(g) Growth of Chicago. 



64 MAXUAL OF UX1TP]D STA'I'ES HISTORY. 

5. .M.iiiir — (i) A p irtof .M;iss,ichii<'jtts till wlieii ? (b) Settli'inciils. Where. 
Grov\tli. Speed. Why. 

6. Mi.-soiii-i — (ri) A p;irt of what piiri;ha-;H? (h) Settlenn-iit at Saint Louis — 
When. B\- wliom. (c) Admitted as a state. When. Contest. 

VI— OCEAX Sl'EAM NAVIGAi'IOX— (See Newman, pajre416.) 

1. Fii St attempt — Wlien and wliere. 

2. Trial v^oyairc — To wiiat point. Time. Fnel. Captain, Moses Rogers, 
of Fulton's Clermont. 

0. Fii-st re<;nlai- line (»f steamhdjiis — Wjien. Name. Xniiiber of steamer.** 
at present. 

4. Leading steamship liiK's now, with termiiu't. 

VII— THE AMERICAX'^ SYSTEM OF PRO rECTIOX". 

1. Doctrines — (a) A proteetive tai-itt' levied on i>'oods man nfaetnred al)roa'l 
(■he.ii)er than they can be made by ns. (h) A r<'venne tariff levied on certain 
cla<ses of impoi-ts without reference lo protection, for the securing of u iart>-e 
revenue, (c) Free Trade — 'i'he import ition of any, Jind .all manufactured arti- 
cles fi-otn al)road free of duly. 

2. Origin of the Anwricati sy-tem — (a) Lt-adiny subject of thouujht In 
18](). (I.) Bill of John C. Caliiouu— When. Where. Purpose. Parrs, (c^ 
Position of the sections. ;ind file leaders of politics. Ground of southern ad- 
vocacy and northern o|)position. 

8. Xature of the Tariff Question. 

4. Taritl" Legislation — (a) Protective tariffs. X'umber. When. (b) 
Revenue 'Tariffs. When. Xiimber.. 

7). The Tariff of 1S2() — Incicasinn; <luties (ui imports passed by the House, 
but defeated by the Senate. Effect. Change of ])ublic sentiment in the north 
and south. 

\'ill— RE-FLE("1'10X OF MOXROE AXD THOMPKIXS. 

1. Why so easily elected? 

2. Party str-ife. 

•i. P]|e('toral vote of Monroe — Opposition. 

4. Anti-<iavery meeting — When, Where. 

5. Purpose — Origin of what piirty. ' 

IX— THE MOXROE DOCTRIXE. 

1. Time, t'aiises, and circinn-ifances of its first .announcement. About 
this time the coinitries of South .America, declared their indepenilence of 
foi-eigii nations. 'I'he people of the United States strongly sympathized with 
the patriots of tlie sontli. Henry Clay earnestly urged upon Congress the 
duty of recognizing the South American Repul)lics. A bill was passed by 
Congress in March, 1S22, embodying his views. 

2. Declarations of the President in the Message of 1823. (.a) The Ameri- 
can contiiif^nts, by the free and independent position which they have assumed 
and maintain, are henceforth not lo b • i-onsidered as subjects for future colo- 
nization by any European powers, (b) It is impossible for the powers of Eu- 
rope to extend their political system to any portion of either continent with- 
out endangeriuii- our peace and happiness, (c) It is equallv impossible, there- 
fore to beliolil such it)terposition, in any form with indifference. 

.'L Real author — John Q. Adams, Secretary of State. 

4. Relation to the following subjects to this doctrine: 

(aj Maxamilian's invasion of Mexico. 

(b) The scheme for the I'anama Canal. 



MANUAL OF UNTTED STATES HISTORY. Co 

X— EDUCATIOX OF THE DEAF AND DUMB. 

1. Jteeeives th" atteiitioii of C()ii>ri-es>. 

"2. I'ro|)(>.<itioii of Mr. C'ojrswell, of Harford, Connecticut. 

'.i. Mr. (irilhiii iHiit -(eiit to Europe — TiaiH. Purpose. 

4. School opened — WIkmi. Where. Number of pupils. 

5. Leuishitiou — Of CoM<>ress. Of tiie States. 
G. Nature, aiid tiuiii of iustnictiou. 

XI— AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION. 

1. When tnuM led. 2. Founder of Sunday Schools and his work, 

3. Firsr Sunday School in ihe United States. When. Where. By 
u houi. 

4. Life of the Sunday Scliool Union — Proo;ress at first. Fact ascertained. 
Ohjcct-i of the Union. Exercises at lirst, at present. Number of schools and 
pupils at present. 

5. Uuifonu Sunday Si-ho >l Lessons — When, Name. 

XII— rilE MISSOURI COMPROMISE. 

1. Wliv.t — .V bill introduced intoCoiiijress by Jesse B. Thon)as, of Illinois, 
clianipioned by Henry ("lay, of Kentucky, who secured its passasre in I82I, 
l)ro\i(lini;' for the admission of Missouri as a slave state. 

2. (,'ause — Conllict of the United States as regards the extension of sla- 
ve r.\. and preservini^ the balance of power between the free and slave states. 

'S. Order of the admission of States — (a) Free colonies and States. New 
Ilampsliirc. ifliode Island, Conneclicut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva- 
nia, and N^'ruxmt, (1791) Ohio, (1802) Indiana, (1S16) Illinois, (1818) Maine, 
(1820.) 

(b). Slave Colonies ami States. — Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North 
Carolina, South Cai-oiina, Georgia and Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1796), 
Louisiana (1812\ Mississippi (1817), Alabama (1819), Missouri 1821. 

4. Plans of tlie Comix'omise. — (a). As to the .-idmission of Missouri (b). 
As lo lh<.' division of the Louisiana i)uichase. (c) As to States North of Mis- 
souri, (c) As to the States South of Missouri. 

a. lmportai)C(! of tht' (luestinn. — Jefferson said: "From the battle of 
Bunk'-r Hill to the Treaty of Palis, we never had so ominous a question." 

0. Nature and effect of the Comprounse. 

Xn— THE VISIT OF LA FAYE'lTE TO THE UNITED STATES. 

1. Time and receiitiuu by the jjcople. 

2. Impoitaiit events in visit, (a) Public reception at New York, (b) 
Laying of Corner-stone of Buid^cr Hill Monument, June 17. 182.), (c) Cere- 
monies of July ."). 1824. [dl Visit to the Tonb of Washington at Mt. Vernon. 
[e] Visit to each of tlie 24 States, [f] Farewell reception at President Adams' 
[g] The (Mubarkation on th(^ Potomac. 

'.i. Action <d" the Government. — [a] Votes liini $200, 000, and a township of 
land, which be locates in Florida. Builds the vessel "Brandywine" to 
send him home. 

4. References on LaCavette; Anderson's U. S. Reader, [a] Address to 
Lafayette — Wel)ster— p. :W7. [b] Lafayette at Mt. Vernon— Levasseur, p. 
30S. fc] Death and chtiracter of Lafayette, Sumner [jage 809. 

XIV— THE OLDEN TLME AND GROWTH OF THE WEST. 

1. GeiuMal lacis. 2. Condition of the Mississippi Valley in early times. 
3. Live stock ami grain market, and mole of transportation. 4. Rafting; pro- 
ducts; market: mode of returning home, 5. Pioneeer words and their mean- 



B6 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY, 

iiig!- — Cliiiniiey-biig; Iloiniiij'-blocl; ; Iliihtiiig-sliirt ; Sp'mning-wliet'l ; Bce- 
roHisiDg; I/;itcli-strliig. G. General fact us lo growtli of west. 7. The Great 
Tliorough fares — The Ohio River, and tlie National Road. 8. Sr. Louis, Chi- 
cago and Cincinnati in ISOO. 9. The great cliange of tiiis adn)inistration. 
XV.— THE ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS. 1824. 

1. Questions — (a) National Bank. (b) Protective tariff. (e) Slavery. 
Real Question — Personal popularity of candidates and sectional pride. 

2. Name of Campaign — '•Scrub race for the Presidency." Why. 

3. Candidates — Andrexi- .J.ickson, of Tennessee. Henry Clay, of Ken- 
tucky. John Q. Aflams, of Massachusetts. Win. H. Crawford, of Georgia. 
Prominence and claims of eacli. 

4. C'andidales how nominated before this time. How after. 
."). Result of election. 

0. Action of Congress — Chooses J. Q. Adams President. Effect — On the 
administration; on the opposition. 

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS' ADMINISTRATION. 1825-29. 
1 — Tiie New President. 

1. Educitional advantages. 2. Scholarship. 3, Characteristics. 4. Of- 
ficial history. 5. Party spirit during the ailministration. 6. Policy — Effect. 
7. Later life in Congress. When. Called what? 8. Death; when; where; 
circumstances. 

II— TROUBLE WITH GEORGIA ABOUT CREEK LANDS. 1828. 
When in 1802 Georgia relinquished lier claim to Mississippi Territory, the 
general government agreed to buy .and surrender to Georgia, all Creek lands 
within her bordcr< In 182.5, Monroe recommended to Congress the removal 
of all Indian tribes West of the Mississippi to a new country. The Creeks and 
Cherokees had so improved their lands that they were unwilling to remove. 
Tiie government of that state determined to remove the Indians by 
force if necessary; and declared their intention to resist the general govern- 
ment if she attempted to prevent their removal. (Here again crops out the 
dangerous doctrine of "States Rights."' See earlier records of this doctrine.) 
Finally in March 1826, a treaty was concluded between the Creek Chiefs, and 
President, by which the latter for $1,500,000 ceded their lands to the United 
States, and agreed to remove beyond the Mississippi. 

1. Nature of the treaties made witli the Ind'ans. 

2. Ground of their removal westwird. 

3. Cojiditioiis of the Indians in Georgia. 

4. Method of extingui-Jhing Indian titles to hmd. 

Ill,— DEATH OF ADAMS AND JEFFERSON— JULY 4, 182G, 

1. House of each and their last words, 

2. N.ame six coincidences in their lives. 

3. Another Ex-President who dies on July 4th. [See Anderson's Popu- 
lar School History p. p. 223 .and 224.] Extract from Seward's Life of J. Q, 
Adams. 

IV,— THE TARIFF. 

1. Reviews of the lariffs of 1816, 1820, 1824, 

2. PvXtent to which the I'ariff had been carried. 

3. (Jrowth of manufaeturinjr. Where. 

4. Necessity of a Protective 'T.arifl. 

5. Argument for a Protective Tariff. 1 — 6. 

(i. Argument against Protective Tariff. 1 — 5. 



MANUAL OF UNTTED STATES HISTORY. 67 

7. IJesiilt of all the discussion. A bill increasing tlie tariff, [a] Tlie 
ineasuie of wliat part}- and man. [b] Called what, [c] Time, [d] Articles 
taxed, with rate of taxation, [e] Support and opposition — Wliere — Why. 

v.— ANTI-MASOXIC EXCITEMENT [1826-9] 

1. Some facts al)out JNIasonr}'. 

2. Tlire:it and disappearance of Morgan in 1826. 

3. Ciiarges against the Masons. Ground. Ettect. 

4. Formation of the anti-Masonic party. When; work. 

5. Eftect of the anti-Masonic excitement on De Witt Clinton and Henry 
Clay. 

VI.— CIVIL SERVICE FOR THE FIRST FORTY YEARS. 

1. Power of dismissal from otHce; how lirst used. 

2. Jefferson's test, and action. 

8. Number of dismissals by Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison and 
Monroe. 

4. Policy and sayings of John Q. Adams on this subject. 

5. Claims to ottice then depended on what. 

VII.— CHANGES IX DOMESTIC LIFE. 

1. Use of coal as fuel. 

2. Use of Gas for lighting purposes at Boston in 1822. 

3. Use of percussion locks. 

4. India Rubber tirst used for overshoes, etc., in 1831. 

5. Use of the tomato for food in 1850 

6. First use of Lucifer Matches in 1831. 

7. Use of steel pens. Cost. 

8. L'se of gold pens, envelopes and postage stamps. 1844. 

VIII.— AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY. 

1. When ai.'d where formed. 

2. Object. 

3. Work — [a] Average annual publication. [b] Publication of 1874. 
Volume and tracts. 

4. Publications; languages; distribution. 

IX.— AMERICAN PEACE SOCIETY. 

1. Formed — When, where, by whom, purpose, leader, work. 

2. Work of Rev. N. Worcester. 

3. Society proposed what. 4. .Sciieme of Penn. 

5. Support's of Ladd's plan — Wort's peace conventions of 1843 and 1849. 
G. Work of Ciias. Sumner. 

X.— LEADING INVENTION OF THIS ADMINISTRATION. 

1. Wliy a necessity? 

2. Cast iron plQw. When. Inventor. Earlier plow. Effect. Improv- 
ed plow. 

3. Compare the advancement in land and water travel. 

4. First railroads. — Where. When. Name. Purpose. First railroad- 
Builder. Place, length, purpose, power, rails. 

5. Experiments with the locomotive. (a.) General fact— Trials. (b) 
Workof Oliver Evans, (c) Work of Richard Trevethick. (d) Work of Geo. 
Stephenson. 

6. Locomotives introduced into America. Speed. Objections. 

7. The locomotives of E. L. Miller, for the S. C. Railroad; and of Peter 
Cooper for the B. & O, railroad in 1835. 



68 MaNCaL of t'NITEl) STA TES illSTOKY. 

S. Early iMilioatLs — (a) Tin' (.'uboiKialc & HoDesdale R. R., troiii tliH 
I.arkawaiiiia (anal I<i tilt.' I.acUau aiiiiM Jviv< r, soiiieniiu.* failed llie Maiioli 
Cliiiiik R. R.— A LM.al road. 1827. (I>) The Mitliauk & Hiid.soii Railroad 
from Albany to SclKMiei-rad^v was bejrnii in 1830. (<■) The B. & O. Railroad 
bejrnn in (15 mi.) 1S:>0. (d) The 8. C. raili'oad t'roni C'harle>i.on to Hambnrj; 
in 1830. 

y. The spread of the railroad fever. 

10. Nnniber of Miles in the U. S. at [tresent, and in the world. 
XI — VVORKoFTHi; ADMlXISTRATIOXiN INi'EliNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 

1. Enlar^intr and maintaining- the liiihthoiises— $1,000,000. 

•2. (;i)mpletin<? publii- bnildinjrs— $500,000. 

3. Ereetin;f arsenals, barracks, and fnrrnshin:^ armoiies — $1,000,000. 

4. Fortifyino; the sea-eoast— $3,000,000. 

5. Imj)r(nMnii" internal eommnnieation — $4,000,000. 

(). Pensions for Soldiers of the Revolntion— $5,000,000. 

7. Piin;lKisin>j Indi.an lands. 

On the 4th of , Inly, 1828, -\(hinis. aecon)panieil by an immense number of 
persons (meml»ers of (,'on<j:ress, for-(di>'n miinsfers and others) uas pi-esent at 
the ceremony of "breaking; t^ronnd" on the ('hfsipe ike and Ohio canal. The 
year before, Edward Eveietf. in an address, said : 'A system of internal im- 
provements, has been commenced, which will have the effect, when a little 
Uirther developed, of crowdliifj within u few years, the proi>;re-s of oenerations. 
Already f^ake Cliamplain fiom tho North .a. id Lake Erie from the \V"esi, have 
bt-en connected with Albany. Delaware and Ciiesapeake Bays have be-'n uni- 
ted. xV caii.al Is neirly lini-lied in the nppei' ]) irt of New Jersey, from the 
Delawaie to the Hudson, by which coal is dispatched to our market. Another 
route is laid ou' across the same stale, to connect New York by a railroad with 
Pliiladel|)hia. A w.iter communication has been opened, by canals, half-way 
from PhilaiUdphia ro Pittsburi^h. A canal of 60 miles in leiiij-th connects Day" 
ton with Cincinnati in the State of Ohio; and another, of more than 300 miles^ 
in extent, to connect Ltdie p^rie with the Ohio, is two-thirds completed," 
X[I— EEECTION OF NEW OFFICERS. 

1. Opportunities of this adnnnistration. 

2. Opposition of Crawford and Jackson men. 

3. True estimate oi this adnnrnsfration. 

4. Questions in the new election. 1, 2, 3. 

5. Comp;ire .and (•ontr.ist Massachusetts as to occupations, education and 
political ideas. 

6. Nature of the <'ampaijrn — Party s|)irit. 

7. Candidates-r-(.a) Detnocratic — Andrew Jackson and .lohn C. Calhoun. 
(b) National Rei)ublicans — John Q. Adams and Riclund Rush. Prominence 
of each and their support. 

8. Result — Election of J:i(d<son. 

ANDREW JACKSON'S ADMIN iSTRATION -1829-1837. 
I. — The new Pi-esident. 

1. Early life. 

2. PMucatimial ad vantaii-es. 

3. His home. Called what. Where. 

4. (^i-ound of nondnaiion for the Presidency, 
o. His wealth, relijiion and hospit.ality. 

t). Characteristics — (a) A powerful but unpolished Uiinil. (b) An iron 



MAXUAL OF UNITED SPATES HISTORY. 69 

will. ((■) IiiHexible iioiifSty, (d) Gr<>:it ener^j'. (e) Intense love of coun- 
try. 

7. Official liij^torj'. 

S. Civil Service Policy— Rotation in office, (a) Short sketch of the ac- 
tion of former Presiilents. [Ii] Inanjriiraiion of the spoils system. Why so 
call. Ml. Elfect; of this system, [c] Pledov of Jackson. What. Results. |(I] 
Forniei- action in removin<j officers, and present policy, [e] No. of removals. 

it. Policies of Van Buren and 'J'yler. 
11-TlIK TARIFF QUESTION. .Johnston's P<ditics, p. 112; Anderson's U. 

S. Reader. 

1. Review of the Tarilfs of ISIG. 1S20, 1824, 1828. and I8;;2. 

2. Ell'ecLof the T;ii-ilf— [aj On tiie Tieisnrv of the Uinted States, [b] On 
inannfacturers. [r] On .iie factoiy laborei-s. [d] On the consumer. 

3. Sonthei-n opposition — [a] Leader — Ar>>ument. [b] The tree trade con- 
vention. When. Wheie. Composition. Declarations — The tariff was in- 
jni'ions to the South. Conures- iiad enijay,e<l in sei-tioiial legislation. The tax 
was null and void. Xo more dutii's wo'ild be paid. The sta'^e would secede if 
any alt^-mpis weic nnide to coJU'.-t, tJiH tai-ilf. Xote— Passed Xov. 19, 1832, at 
Columbia, S. C. to ^n into effect Feb. 1st, 1833. 

[o] Action of Calhoun — What; when; why; ettect. 

[d] Aciion of South Carolina — The people wear thousands of blue cock- 
ades, with a palmetto button in the center. The strikiu": of the Calhoun med- 
al. What. l)('scrii)tion. The South Carolina Representatives in Conjrress 
threaten secession. The State Legislature calls for 12,000 men to fight the 
United States. 

[e] Action of the President — Proclamation; secession is treasonable; the 
laws musr be enforced. Ordeis — (jen. Scott with troojis to the scene of trou- 
ble: a man of war ordei-ed to Charle-town. 

[f] Early .Vc.ion of Conjiress — Passes a bill for enforciuii' the Tarifi" early 
in 1833. This bill was immediately signed by the President, and although it 
pi'ovoked much angry deidamation in South Carolina, it brought no secession. 
Tbi-i bill uas commonly calh-il in S'>uth (jarolin i, the Blood}' Bill, and its op- 
ponents in the Senate refused to vote with tin' ex(!eption of John Tyler, of 
Virginia. 

[g] Later .\ction of Congress — Pass Henry ('lay's Compromise Bill in 
1833. X.itiire of Bill; and its effect on the Xorth Jind South; and on the set- 
tlement ol this question. 

III.— THE GREAT DEBATE IX THE SEXA'l'E. 1828. 

1. Origin. 2. Leaders and their political positions. 3. Cause — An ini- 
meiliaK' result of the Declarations of Georgia as to the Creek Land'^ in 1828-30. 
and of the doctrines ad voc'tcd in the nullification of South Carolina in 1832. 
An ultim.ite resull of tin' rapid growth of the doctrine of States Rights. 4. 
Question — Wheiber the States had the right to nullify an act of Conirress. 5. 
.Affirmations, as.sertions and arguments of each orator. 6. Result — Settled 
as far as aignment could the states rights doctrine. -7. Final settlement — The 
Civil War. [Reference, See Xew man, p. 442. 

I v.— FIX A XCI A L LEG ISL A ITOX. 
I .\ short sketch of chai'tering and re-chartering of the United States 
Bank: and the i)ositi(.n of fhe political parties on the bank question. 

2. Ileeommendaiions of the Pi'twident as to bank ch;vrter. 1829,1830 and 
1831. Wbv. 

3. Action of Congress— Pass the Bank Bill in 1832. Whv? 



70 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

4. Action of Piesideiit— Vetoes the Bank Bill. 18:t2. VVheii.VVliy. 

5. The Piosideiit removes $10,000,000 of government deposits to S!) State 
Banks. [mJ Time, Oct. 1833, to June 1834. [h] Warrant, [e] Belief as to the 
U. S. Bank, [d] Earlier effects — The U. S. Bank, now havin<r lost much of 
its specie deposit, was nnable to redeem all its $00,000,000 of notes in specie, so 
a great contraction of its circnlatioi) followed. This contraction produced a 
scarcity of inonc}' and in turn folhnved an inability to pay debts. [e] Later 
effects — The State Banks, having rece'ved tMe large deposits of specie, were at 
once able to largely increase their loans, consequently the country was soon 
Hooded with paper money. Money being plenty and to loan on easy terms, 
business revived ; but it was only a temporary prosperity ; the speculative 
spirit seized all classes, and the prosperity of the country seemed unparalleled. 
[f] Effect on Commercial Prosperity. — Money being eiisy to bor'-ow, iner- 
cliants, farmers and speculators engaged wildly in speculation. l'u!)lic land 
was bought to the amount of $24,000,000 in a ve:ir. Villages and even cities 
were laid out l\v hiuulreds. Great interuiil communicati(Uis were planned, 
and state debts were incurred for their completion. Foreign immigrants 
thi-onged to the fertile lauds of the North-west, and foreign capital, disturljed 
by revolutions in Europe, sought investment here. 

G. The Distributing Act of Congress — Passed by that body in June, 1836, 
provided that, after Jan. 1, 1837, all surplus revenue exceediuii' $.t, 000,000 
should be divided auuuig the states !is a loan, only to be recalled by direction 
of Congress. This distribution amounted to $28,000,000 none of which was re- 
called. It was made in January, April and July of 1837. 

[a] L^se made of this money — Tlie Middle and Western States used this 
money for the improvement of thoroughfares, ami the perfecting of their sys- 
tem of public schools. The South used their m<uiey hugely, in increasing the 
area of cotton |)roduction, for England's mills demanded at goixl prices all the 
cotton American fields could furbish them. 

[b] Effei't — The speculative spirit now for a tin)e increased ; the credit 
system of trade became alarmingly prevalent. Specie n)oney for a time being 
plenty in the Strifes, the number of l)anks, st.-ite and private, increased, and 
the country WMS soon flooded with immense quantifies of irredeemable paper 
money. 

7. 'I'his state of things was quickly changed by the issue of President 
.lackson's s|)ecie circuhir, immediately after the late session of Congress in 
1836. [a] Reqnii'ement — All government laiul to be paid f<u- in specie. [b] 
Purpose — To prevent fbe accumulation of priper money of doulHful value in 
the U. S. 'I'reasury. [c] Effect* — Tiie orold and silver received at the land of- 
fices, began at oiu'e to accumulate in the (iovernment v.aults; tljen followed a 
contraction of bjink circulation and commercial distre*ss. Wild speculation 
W!is at least etlectively checked. 

8. General effects of the tinanci:il legislation — Ari>used and fostered the 
spirit of speculation. 2. Made the currency unreliable and depreciated. 3. 
Caused a loss of public confidence. 4. Brought about the panic of 1837. 5. 
Led to the establishment of an Indep'^ndent Treasury. 6. Broke down the 
greatest monopoly of the time — the U. S. B.ink. 7. Led to the establishment 
of a better system of banks. 

V— ASIATIC CHOLERA. 

1. When brought to the United States. 

2. Origin, and spreatl of the disease. 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 71 

3. AppeiirancHMii t'li; Unite 1 Strire-; — Wlinre. Direction of course. Na- 
turf" and eft'cH'ts. Xortliei-ii limit. 

4. S.ibseqiieiit History. 

VI— (iREAT FIRES. 

1. At New Yorl< — Time. Extent. Number of houses. Value of pro- 
perty. 

2. At Wa.sliinjiton City — When. What. Los.*. 

VI— DEATH OF GREAT MEN— THEIR POSITIONS. 

1. James Monioe July 4, 1831 

2. Charles Carmll • 1832 

3. Phillip Frenean 1832 

4. .lolin Ramldlpli, ul' Roanoke 1833 

5. WilJi.-im Wirt 1834 

6. .Joiin Marsiiall 1835 

7. William E. Channiuii 1842 

8. .James .Ma. lison 1836 

0. Aaron Burr 1836 

VIII — SHOOTING SPARS. 

(a) When, (b) Size of meteors, (c) Effect. 

XI — STATES ADMITTED. 

1. Arkansas — (a) Apart of what? (h) Oro^auizeil as a territory when. 
Cc) Admi-sion as .i state — Time. Population and area. 

2. .Miehij^tn — (a) Orijani/ed as a territory. When, (b) Invaded by Brit- 
ish. When, (c) Admitted as :i State — I'ime. Area. Population. 

IX— THE SLAVERY TROUBLE. 

1. Formation of the Xaiionai Anti-Slavery Society in 1833 — (a) Growth 
ot tiiese Soeieties, (b) Their object, (c) Abolitionists. 

2. Work of leadinir Abolitionists. 

Oi) Of diaries Osborne — \Vho. Relijiion. His paper. Name. Purpose. 
'J'ime. 

(b; Of Benjamin Lundy— Who. Reliujion. His paper. Name. Purpose. 
Time. 

((•) Of \Villiam Lloyd Garrison — Who. When. His paper. Name. Pur- 
pose. F^ftect*. Message of the Governor of .Massachusetts. On the mobs of 
Boston. On the (ieoriiia Leu;islature. Motto. 

(d) Ot Elijah P. Lovejoy — The editor of the Alton (III.) Observer, an 
anti-slavery paper. He was obliored to le.avti Missouri on account of his po- 
litical views. Was shot and killed l)y a mob while tryinjr to prevent them 
from burning.- his laUrorial buildiiii; the inght of November 7, 1837. 

.3. Insiirrei'tion >>;' Slavrs — Wiien. Wjiere. Cau<e. Leader. Work. 
Erteet. Charge. 

4. Recmimen lation of the President — What. Why not carridl out, 

X— i'K(3UBLE W'lTH THE INDIANS. 

1. Of Wisconsin — (a) i'ribes. Sacs, Foxes, and Winnebagoes. (b) Causes 
Conduff of Black Hawk, a'ld a refusal of the tribes to give up cedeil territory. 
Tlie whiles also etieroached on rhe Indians in their efforts to get possession of 
the rich lead mines around Galena. Illinois. 

(c) Genend Scott and -Vtkinson de'eat anil conquer the IndiariS. (d) Ef- 
fects. Peace made with the Indians, who cede nearly all of low.a and Wiscon- 
sin to the government, and m<we tnriher west. 

2. Of Georgia— (a) Tribes, Cherokees, Creeks, (b) Action of Georgia 



72 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

Lejijislatiire. — Abrogates the Indian o;overi)iiient, and refuses them the use of 
tlie state courts, and rlie protection of the laws, (c) Tlie supreme court of the 
United Stares declares their :iction nnconstitniional. (d) The President re- 
fuses to interfere with Georgia, and recommends their removals, (e) Con- 
gresses* organizes the Indian Territory in 1834. The Cherokees, Creeks, 
Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles were then soon removed west; and 
given reservations in the territory. 

3. Of Florida — [a] Tribe — The Seminoles. [b] Causes. Attempt to force the 
Indians to cede their lands. The capture of the wife of Os(!eola,by a slave- hunter 
Her mother who had l)eeii his slave having esc iped to the Everglades. The 
Indian Chiefs Osceola and Micanopy persuaded their people to make an eftbrt 
to retain the lanil, which they had been forced to cede to the United States. 
Osceola had been imprisoned luijusrly, and was greatly influenced b_v the tios- 
tile Creeks from Georgia. rnn;i\vay slaves and renegade white men. 

[c] War — Dade's and Thompson's massacres, December 26, 183.5. 

General Clinch tights them on the Withlacoochee. General G lines tights 
them on the Withlacoochee, February 29, 1836. 

Governor Call, of Georgia, defeats them at Wahoo Swamp, (October, 1836. 

General Scott subdues the Creeks, and senils them west. 

General Jessup captures Osceola in 1837. 

('olonel Taylor defeats and conquers theui at Okeechobee, Deciunber 2.5, '37. 

The Chiefs sign a treaty in 1839, and after much reluctance and delay 
were removed to the west. 

XI— FOREIGN RELATIONS. 

1. Witli France — France since 1831 hail owed a claim to tlip United States 
of $5,000,000, for damage done American commerce during the European 
blockade. Failing up to 1834, to make any effort at payment, the President 
ordered the American minister at Paris to demand his passports, and come 
home; and recommended Congress to pass a bill, allowing reprisals to be 
made on French commerce, until the claim was settled. The debt was at 
once paid. 

2. Naples and Portugal, who owed similar claims, were l)rought to terms 
in a similar manner. ■ 

3. Reciprocity tre;ities were made about this time with Russia and Bel- 
gium. The American tl:iir everywhere was treated with the highest respect. 

XII— THE EDUCATION OF THE BLIND. 

1. The first asylum — When. Where. Foumler. Prevalent idea. Sue- 
cess in Europe. Ktfect<. 

2. 'I'oui' of blind pupils and teachers, [a] Visited ? [b] Exhibited before 
wliom? [c] Effects. .\s to the subject. The founding of institutions. 

3. (general ficts — [a] Nature of the instruction, [bj Kind of letter — at 
tirsr, afterward, [c] Printing of the New Testament. When, [d] Extent of 
publications for the blind. Number of books. Subjects treated. Leading 
literary works so printed. ], 2 and 3, 

XIII—IMPROVEMENT OF REAPING AND .MOWING AIACHINES. 

1. \\ hen. Attemjits. How. Experiments. 

2. Work of Olied Hiissey. VN'lien. Where. Kind of reaper and kinil of 
work. 

3. Work of ( "yru-: McCormick — When: where: Ro(d<bridge Co., Virgin- 
ia. \^alue to inventor, .^L.'-OO.OOO. Took the premiuni at the World's Fair in 
1S51. 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 73 

4. WorU of F'rediTirk F<:i'r.'linin— Whon : n'lieie; kiiiil of mower ; kiii'I 
of work (Idiic. 

5. Elfecrs (if rliHsc iiivciirioii^ — [:ij iVJ;i(|(! furniiiiy; easier and inori' pioHta- 
able. [I)] Increased tiiH area cultivatfid in o;i-as-: and cereal.*, [o] Foiiiida- 
tioii for future ay.rieultiiral iiiV(Mifioiis. 

Xl\'.— KE-ELKC'l'[ON OF .KVCKSOX IX 18J2. 

1. Xatiire (if rlip cam jiaii;ii. 

2. Pai-tics — DeiiKicratic, Xatioiial Republican and Anti-Masonic. 

3. Conventions— All li'-id-at Baltimore. .Mil. 

4. <'anili(lales — 1. Aiiti-Ma.sonic, VV'm. Wirt and Amos Ellmaker, of Penn- 
sylvania. 2. .Vation.il J{e|iMblica i: — Henry ("lay. of Kentncky, and John Ser- 
jreant of Pennsyl van! I. I)''miicr.itic — Andrew Jackson, of Tennes.see. and 
Martin Van Hnren.nf \e\v York. 

rt. Oue<ii<ins — r.ij lnf(M-Mal Impiovemeiits. [b] Protective Tarilf. ['-j 
Tiie r. S. liink. [d] I'iie ' 'In'rokee case — Position of pirtii'^. 
U. ]{e<nlr (if the (deetidn. 

XV.— Ef.Ei riOX OF XEVV OFFICERS IN 1836. 

1. Leadiiiii Qnestion — Snti-Treasnry Plan, or. State Bmk Sy.stein. 

2. Pai'ties — Wjiiirs and Democrats. 

3. Conveiitiiins and nomin.ations — [a] Jacksnn-Demoi'iats — B.iltimoi'e, 
May, 183."). Mariin Van Bnren and R'cliard .M . JdlinxMi, of Kentucky. [b] 
WlijiTji — Pennsyiv.-inia Slate Convention. W. 11. Harrison, of Ohio, and 
Franci.'* Gr.iniTi'r, of Xew York, [c] By State Leirislatnre.s — AlalKima. fliiLrli 
T>. White, ot' Alali.'Uiii, uid Jiilin Tyler, (if Virixinia. Ohio — John McLean. 
Massachnsett.-; — Dani(d \Vebst(>r. 

4. Resnil — Van Biirei; cho-en Pi'esident. 

5 KleiMion of a Vice Pre«:id Mit by thf^ .StMiate. Who. 
(J. Oriirin <if the nime»' — Whiii's; Loco-f.icos. Ho\v. When. Where. 
>L\RriX V.\X BUREX'S ADMIXISTRATIOX. 1837-1841. 

1. — 'I'he Xew Pre.-idenI . 

L Kdncation. 1. Occiipatido. ."J. ( liaracter. 4. Ability. 5. OtKcial 
History, (i. politics — Policy of the .Vdmiinslration. 7. Called what. 
II— THE F1\AXCI.\L STORM OF 1837. 

1. 'i'ime — M.ircli and Apiil. 

2. Canses — :.See Scribnei's Maijazinc. March 187'J. "The Commercial 
Crisis (if 1837." 

[a] .fackson's specie circidar. 183(i. [Ii] Distribution ot sui|)lus ie\cnue 
in 1836-7. [c] ( Jreat speenlalions in Western land. [<\] Heavy importation 
of Enrojiean i^oods wlii(di had to lie jiaid I'or in ii'old and sih'er. thus draining 
the country of specie, [e] Great tire in New Yoik. Lo^s. .i;lS,0()U,UOU. [f] 
liittle mouey in Xational treasury, [lij B iid<s i«.sue larire (iiiantifie.« of irre- 
deemable monev. [h] Prevalence (d' the credit system of bnsine.ss. 

3. Immediate effects — [a] Bn<ine<-: failures alone in Xew York of |10U,- 
001). 000. and in Xew Orleans of !|;,5(),0()(),0U(». [li] Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, 
Maryl.and, Louisiana, Micbiji'an, and Alabama fail to meet their enjiMirements. 
[e] Mississippi and Florhl.i repudiate i heir d(dit. Effect. How shown. [d] 
The business men of Xew York petition the President lo rescind tlie specie 
cii'cidar :ind to cal I an extr.a session of ( 'ouyre-is. 

4. Action of the President — [a] Refuses to rescind tlie specie circular, [b] 
Calls an extra session of Con stress on May 15 for September 1st, 1837. 

5. Tile action of Congress — Financial Legislation — 



74 MAXUAI- OF LTNl'I'ED Sl'A'I'KS HISTORY. 

1. 'iViiiporaiy expcdit-nl — [a] A hill :iiiUioiiziii<>- an it^siie of !^10.00(),U00 
ill Tn'asuiv n<ite> [bj 'JO ri':i.-.- tln' (li!?li'ibiitioii of leveniit' iuiiong the .States. 
[c] To give inerchaiit- liirfh<M- time on tlieir reveiiii : iionds. [d] To receive the 
notes of specie-paying hank- for public lands — thU' practically annnlliiij; the 
specie circulai-. 

2. Finincial i>lan> — [a] Whig — Naiioiial baiiU systein. [h] Democratic — 
Su I)- Treasury system. 

H. Tiie hulepeiidciit TrcMsury Bill — [a] Time — Passed in 1S40, repealed 
in 18-1 1, rc-iMKuMed in ]S4(J. [h] Rciiuircmeiits — A.il Government dues to be paid 
in g<dd and silver; public fiimls {u !> • kept in a treasury for that purpose, [c] 
0(ticer< — Sid)-ireasureis — Re(iiiiremeiir. fill Oi'igin of this bill and its pur- 
pose, [e] Etrect> — .S[()p[)('d extravagant ,-peeii I icioii ; compelled biiiks to he 
ableio redeem tindr nou»s in >pecie. Weakeiu-d confidence in the Deitineratic 
parly. Ruined \'an iiuicii's poliiN-ai (uo-pects. Divoreeof Bank and State. 

Nori:. — In the ( 'ongie.-..-ioiial Se>siim> of lS;:}4-5, tue Sub-Treasn:'V plan 
was suggested by the oppu-iiioii (Whigs) and vipied down hy the Demociats. 
l^aier, ir w.-.s snggesied by the Demociats, and made a law against tiie 
Whig etfi'i'is to revive a National Bank. 1', \):i> since remained in force. 

III.— I'HE IXSURRKC'l'lON IN CANADA. 1837-41. 

1. Whatcalle.l. Wiiy. 

2. Elfect on the people on the L'. S. border — [aj Meetings held. [I)] Vol- 
unteers otiered. [c] .\rms eontriltuted. 

3. The Americans try to aid the Canadians — [a] Purpo.se — Some were de- 
sirous to aid the t-ause of liberty, more were attracted 1)3' a hope for plunder. 
[b] Events — Tlu' Americans capture and fortify Navy island. Where. Tlie 
Loyalists attempt to (,;aptiire the i<laiid and send the American sup])ly ship. 
Caroline, over rhe Falls. 

4. Ettects of t he trouble— [a] [idense excitement in the United States, 
and peace endaiigeied. 

5. Action (if the President— I-snes a Neutrality Prochimatioii, and or- 
ders Gen. Wool, to the New York frontier with an army. 

IV.— THE SLAVERY AGITATION. 

1. Action ot'lhe -supreme (;oiii"f. 

2. Mobbing of Mr. Garrison. Wlien; where; why. 
S. Breaking up of schools for colored ciiildren. 

4. Growth nf auti-sl;ivery party. 

5. Dei'laratioii of Congress. 

I). E.-cape of I^'red. Deiiglass from Baltimore, Md., to New Bedford, Mas- 
sachusetts, in 1838. AV'ho. I.,ater Historv. 

V— TEMPERANCE REFORM. 

1. Work in this cause iit) to 1812. 

2. Work of Benjamin Rii<h. Wh.-it; where. 

3. Moral societies — l^urpose; methods: etlects. 

4. Action of forty farmers — When; pledge. 

■5. .\mericah 'Te.nperance Society — When; where; composition; work; 
1, 2, 3. 

IJ. The Wa<hiii>rtoiuans — Origin: when; where; object; work; John B. 
(iough. Who. Work. Book. 

VI— EDUCATION. 

1. Result of the Congressional land grant. 

2. Growth of Academies and Colleges. 



MANUAL OF UXITKl) 8 I'ATES H[SIT)RY. 



75 



3. Fir.st edurulioinl p.ipt'"- -Wlit'ii ; whi'fe; iKime. 

4. Kii-s' X()riii:il Si-hool — WIkmi; wIum-i-; by whom. 

5. Work ol .Josiiili llolbrooU — Who; whiMe: wiiat. Effects. 
(j. Work of lloiMi'i' .Miiiiii — Wlio; wiicrc; whit. 

7. Fii->i coiiiiiKMi-i.-i! school io ilo' L'liiicil Sr.-uos, .-it Boston (M;iss.) Corn- 
ers, ill 1840. 

\ II— ()Rl(;l\ OF KXPliKSS BL'SIXESS. 183'J. 

.M;iii-h lt\\ William F. ll.iini(Mi, w lui vv:i> in scnrcli of some oocupatioii 
wiiich wiiiilil siipport him, hi-o-.-iii ihisdiv ti' navel between New York uinl 
Hostoii ('■u- the acroniMiO'lalioii oT business iiii-h in S' iiflinj; small paika^re.s 
from one ciiy Io thi- nihci-. lie al iir<i c trrii-il simply a sati;iiei, but his pa- 
trons ^-rcw ill niiiiibi'r nnlil he h nl to est ihli-;li an oMiee in (^ leli city, with a 
daily mes-cn<i-er each way. l're\ioiisly to (his. siicii pack'ai;"e-; h ul been sent 
by friends (ir special iiie~<enL:;ers. Mr. II mien niiiiel iii- biisia..s- ••Tlie E.'C- 
pre-s," and origin iied in this way the whole mi leni expr.'ss tralKc. In 1841, 
he cstal)lisheil ao ICn:xli~h and < 'o'iti iienr il lOxoress, with th ■ partieiilaf objee t 
of sv'stein iiiziuirimmio-r ition from Europe. Wiihm three years he had hrouji;ht 
into I he United States over 11)0,000 laborers. 

.Mr. Alvi Adams ,ilsi) ;:reat I V aiiled in enabliiiij the Express business to 
reaidi irs present sratns. Mr. II imdeii an ! Mr. Adams never rea|)e(l the im- 
mense protir- which ilie bn<iiiess rhey orio-inated now yiell-, for they bath 
died poor men. The present ^-rear l^xpress companies of the United St.-ites 
are (he .Vmi'ric.an, the Ailams, and the Uiiiteh Stares. 

VIM — EM:( I'lON OF NEW OFIMCERS. 1840. 

1. Conventions and i' i!idi<liit(>s. 

(a) T.ilterty Party. W:i:->a\\, New York, Ni>vember 13, '39— James G. 
Ririiey, of New York, and i'"r.incis .1. Lemo\iie, of Peiuisylv inia. 'I'liey re- 
fused the nominaiion, bin were \oted for in I he campaign . Do^-trine. 

;^b] Whii;- Party. lianisluirj:-, Pennsylvania, December 4, '3'J — William 
H. Harrison, of Ohio, and John Tyler, of Viriiini.i. Why ':" 

[e] The DiMuocratic P.irrv. Baltimore, Maryland, May 5, '40— Martin V^an 
Bnren. Wliy V Nominaiions lor Vice President left to the states. 

[d] The camp:iie-n. 

[a] Gener.al fact. 

[h] Sneer at Harrison — Popnlar exiiri's<ions. 

[il] Hallyiiii:- cry of the Wbiii's. 

4. Results of the election ; 

[a] Triumph of the new Wliii;' Party. 

[bj Teiiipor.arv defeat of Democratic i'arty. 

[c] Voft's for candidates — Van Bnren, Harrison, Bii'iiQV. 

'2. Platforms: — [a] Abolitionists — Extinction of slavery. [b] Wliig — 
No platform, so as not to aiitai!,oni/,e the • Anti-Masons. 

[c] Democrats — Airainst national imin-ovements. A nrote(;tive taritt". A 
National [{ank. Inlerferine; with slavery in the states. 

HAKins(^N'S AND TYLER'S A DMINLSTRATION. 1841-1845. 

The new President — NV'illiam H. Harrison, of Ohio. 

1. Early history. 2. Edncation. ;j. Olficial History. 

4. First official act — Call for a special session of Conii;ress, on March 17- 
To meet May ;!1. to "consider sundry matteis connected with the finances of 
the conntrv." 



7« 



MANUAL OF UNITE!^ STA'I'ES HISTORY. 



5. Character of the Cai)iiiet — Promise of tlie Adiniiii.str.itioii. 6. Age, 
ln'alili, habits, labors. 7. Death. Time. Phice. Elfert. 

8. Aetioii of Congress as to salarj'. What. Why. 

!J. Tyler takes the oath of ofHee — When. Where. 

John Tyler, of Virginia. 1. Education. '2. Official Historj'. 3. Why 
placed on the ticket with Hariison. 

4. Politics. 5. Ileligion. (j. Wealth. 

7. Policy. Etfect. [■■>] On party, [b] On himself. 

8, Uiip'.)piilarity of Tylei-. 9. Later History. 

II— SPECIAL SESSION Of CONGRESS. 
1. Time. 2. Pnrpose. 3. Woik. [a] Pass a general Bankrnpt Law. 
Purpose, [h] Repeal the Lidependent Treasury Bill. [c[ Pass a bill to iii- 
cor|)()r;ite tiie Fiscal Bank of the L'nited States, [d] Pass a bill to distribute 
the [Moceeds of the sale of public 1 inds among the state>:. 

Ill— ACTION OF THE PRESIDENT. 

1. Vetoes the bill for tiie United States p'iscal Bank — Grouml — Powers 
too great, and was unconstitutional. 

■2. The Whig leaders ask the President lor an outline of a bill which he 
\^■ould sign. 

15. The President, .after consultation w ith his Cabinet give< the desired 
bill, and Congress nt oiu*e passes it. 

4. The President again vetoes tiie Bank Bill — Effects, [a] Rupture with 
his- party . 

[b] Resignation of riie t.,at)inet— Why y Exception. Why not WebsterV 

[i-] The Whig members of Cow^^rt'^ir. issued "Addres-es to the People," 
detailing tiie reforms designed by the Wiiigs, and impeded by the President, 
and declared that "all political connection between them and John Tyler was 
at an en<l from that day forth." 

'). Tiie ('orporals Glial d — .\pplie(i to those feu members of Congress wlio 
i-eeognized Tyler as a leader. 

IV— TROUBLE Wrril ENGLAND. 1840-184:^. 

L (Causes— [a] Disputed New Eiigland boundary, [b] R'Jl'it of search. 

2. Each government cho(>ises :in agent to Jiuiicahly settle the dispute. 
Result. Treaty of ^Vasliington. Agent of each government. 

■'). Pi-ovisions of this tre;it\' as to: — [a] Disputed boundary, [b] The 
rii>lit of search, [c] The suppression of tlie Foreiiiii slave trade. 
V— THE TARIFF OF 1842. 
L Origin — Caused by the terrible financial distress of the last five years. 
2. Reciiiiremeiits — Decreased the number of free importations, .and put & 
thirty-three percent, duty on all dutiable articles. 
.'{. Effect — General prosperity. 

VI.— ANNEX A4'I0N OF TEXAS. 1845. 

1. Policy of Spain and Mexico, as regui-ds the settlement of .Mexico. 
WhyV 

2. Iiivason of .r.-imes Long — Time: call; title. 

;J. Grant of land to Moses Aiisiin, of Connecticut — [aj When. [b] By 
whom, [c] Conilition. fd] Confirmed to his son — Stephen Austin. Privilege, 
Work 1S21-2. 

4. Mexico frees all her slaves — [a] Time. [bj Results — Great dissatis- 
faciion amoiiii Southern slave-owners, in Texas. Why. 5. Offers to purchase 
Texas, (a) When. Each, (b; Price, (c) By whom. 



MANUAL OF UNTTED STATES HISTORY. 



6. The Southern States greatlj' encoiirao'e etnigralion to Texas — [a] Pur- 
pose — 'I'o uUiuiately annex Texas as a shive territory, [bj Immediate result — 
A steady flow of lawless settlers into Texas. Why; number in 1833. [c] Ul- 
timate i-esult — Declaration of Independence. Texan \v;ii-. 

1. Time-March 2, 1S36. 2. Xumber of siirners. 3. Number of Soutiiern- 
er.s. 4. Xumbei- of native Texans. 
(5. Texan ^\'ar i»f Inilei)endence. 

1. Leader — Gen. Sam. Houston. [a] Who. [b] Foi'mer historj'. [ej 
C'iiararter. [d] Characteristics of bod}' and mind, [e] Ambition, [f] Aid. 

2. Texans refuse to submit to Santil Anna. 

3. Santa Anna invndes 'i'exas — [a] Defeated at Gonzales, October 2, '3.') 
[b] Captuies and massacres I be jiarrison of Alanu). Death of David Crockett 
Who. 

4. 'I'exans capture the Goliad and San Antonio, and drive Santa Anna 
from TexMs. 

."). Huston defeats Mexicans with »reat loss at S;in Jacinto, Match 21, 
183G. 

(J. Liimar chosen President of Texas in 1838. 

7. Houston chosen Presiilent of Texas in 183G and in 1841. 

8. 'I'cx.is asks admission into the Union in 1837, and attain in 1844. 

tt. Disi-usvidii of annexation in Conjrress, with the action of Congress, 
the i'l-esideiif, anil 'i'exas. 

[;i j INi-iliou of the sections. Why. 

[I)J AduHSsiou of Calhoun, [c] Sayino- of Webster: "We all see Texas 
will be ;i sl:ive-lioIdiug- country, and I fraid<ly avow my nnwillingness to do 
anything which sli;ill extend tiie si i\(>ry of the Afiican race on this contineuti 
or add another slave-holding state to the rnioii.'' 

[d] Saying of Mississippi Legishitiirc — "The south does not possess a bles- 
sing (spe:d<ing of slavery) with which the affections of her |)eople are so 
closely entwined. By the annexation of Te.\as an equipoise of intiueiu-e in the 
b;dls of Congr-e-s will l)e secured, wliirh will furnish us a pei-m;nient guaran- 
h'c III' protection." 

[e] Congress p;isses the Annexation Hill. 

[f] The President signs the . Annexation Bill, .March 1, ISl."). 

[g] RhsuIi — .V .-outhern victory. Tlie slave-power gained new votes in 
( outrress, ami room for a vast extension of the slave system. (See 'I'exas — 
M .id\en/.ie. U.S. Iica<ler, page 320-322. 

s. ( ■or.diijou of the Annexation Bill. lS4o. — (n) 4'exas must adopt a con- 
siiiiirion and lie it bi-fore Congress on oi before .January 1, I84(J. (b) All 
mines, mine?-als, fortitic.ifions, armies, and navies must bi^ ci'ded to the United 
States. ((•) New states migbr bi' formed ol saiil tei-ritory. (d) The United 
States to assnnu' didus, owed by Texas, to the amount of 1^7.000,000. 

Vll — rilK DOHP JiKBKLLION IN IIHODE ISLAND. 1842. 

1. Time. 2. Ciusi — Difference of oi)inions as t<) the manner of abrogat- 
ing tlie ol<| chailer. 3. .\ short sketch of this charter and i.s leading provisions. 

4. Events — (a) Foi-mati(m of iiii> Suffrage .and the Law ami Order parties. 
(b1 The Snffraire party (di >se S. W. Kinu', ir'>veni()r, (c) The Law and Order 
pii-ty chose T. W. |)ori-, linvernm-. (d) Both parlies meet and organize their 
-epirale rival governments. (e) Tlie 1, iw and Order p irf y attempt to snp- 
pi-ess I be Dorr taction by force. Civil war. (fj 4'be United States disi)erses 
llie Sulft aLrists an<l captni-e Dorr. 

5. Duir; irial; charge: result. Later history. 



78 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

VIII— THE MORMON TROUBLE IN ILLINOIS— 1840-5. 

1. Short sUetcii of the earlj- Mormons — and their founder, Joe Smith. 

2. The Mormons found Nauvoo— rWhat. When. Wiiere. Why so 
called. Growth. Size. 

3. Causes of tronhle — [a] The pracriee of polj'ji'ani)'. [bl The enactment 
of laws contrary to the statutes of Illinois, [c] Thouirht to liave committed cer- 
tain robberies and niunlers. [d] Belief tliat tliey controlled the courts, and 
could nor, be brought to justice. 

4. .\ction of the people of Illinois. 

[a] Arrest of .Joe and Hiram Smith, and theii- impri^oumt'ur, at Carthfigre, 
Illinois, [b] A mob murders the prisoners, July 7, 1846. [c] Nauvoo besies^ed 
by lier infuriated neiiihbors. [d] Exile of Mormons from Illinois, [e] Journey 
to Urah. When. Distance. Siitferiugs. 

."). Subsequent History. 

[a] Later leader — Law. 

[b] Number — Growth. Leaders. 
[cj Leaders from 1877 to 1879. 

[d] Pi-eseut leader — [e] .\nti-Mormonism. 
[fl Utaii why not a state? 

IX— POST, \L AFFAIRS. 

1. Niunber of Post-ofHces in 1790. 

2. Leiulin^ i)ost routes. Speed. 

3. Letter postaije rates— Before 1835, 1845, to 1851. Sipce 1S51. 

4. Po.«;tal Cards— What; when. 

5. Letters sent and offices in 1878. 

X— EXPLORING EXPEDITION IN SOUTHERN OCEAN. 

1. Leader. 2. L;iter lii<roi:y. 3. Leuii'th of cruise. 4. Discoveries. 
5. Effect. 

XI— VULCANIZING INDIA RUBBER. 18.39. 
1. Inventor — When; where; jiovv ; effect. 

XII— I'HE MAGNETIC TELEGRAPH— S. F. B. MORSE. 

1. VV(U'k of Franklin — Discovery and invention. 

2. Eai'ly experimenters — TheSpauisbin 1798; discoveries as the impulse, 
current and messaije. 

3. Invention of systems of electric telesJ-rapliy. (a) 'i'iie (iermaii -Who; 
character, (b) The Eui;lishmaii — AVbo; chHracter. fc) 'i'he Amei-ican — Wiio ; 
charac er. 

4. 'file story ot' .Morse's In ventiou. (a) Journey to Europe — When; pur- 
jjose. (by Oriiiin of his ide,i — When; where; effect. (c) Hish>l)ors; nature. 

5. Anplic.iriou tor ('oiiiri(*-sioii;d aiil. (;i) When. (U) luunediafe effect. 
(c) Ijjnoiaiice of the siibjecr. (d) Success; n-heii ; appropriation; amount; 
purpose. 

(i. Fariy luessaires — (;i) First niess.-i.i^-e ; wb.it; ori^^-iu. (b) First news; 
wli;il ; when; where, (e) Oriier news; wh;it; when: whei-e; effect. 

7. Poeiii-;d (piotalioii abuiit inventors. 

8. Honoi's ot I he iuveni ion. Work of Wheatsone and Coike. and Morse, 
VmII and Henry. Wlio. Positioti. 

9. Impoitance oC ! lie I nveution. (a) The Bi-itisb Gov<M-nment's idea in 
I82(i. (b) Snniinaiy of l)usiness in 1874; nnlesin woi-ld ; in America; yearly 
receipts ; number of messai^'es. 

10. l"(degi;iph improvements. [■[) Repeater; wliat: purpose. (b) Du- 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 79 

plex Appruatiis; purpose; who; where. (c)The Telephone; inventors; who; 
when; wliere; use; illustrations of use. (d) The relative importance of the 
Telegraph and the Telephone. • 

XI II— STATES ADMITTED. 

1. Florida — When. Area./ ^ 

■2. Texas— When. Area. ) ^''^ve. 

XIV— ANTI-RENT DIP^FICULTIES IN NEW YORK— 1840. 
1. Time. '2. Place 3. Cause. 
4- Events, 1840-1814. a. Results. 

[See Fennimore Cooper's Novels — Satanstoe, The Chain Beaver, (The 
Redskins. 

XV— ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS— 1844. 

1. Conventions and candidates. 

[si] Liberty Party— B'lttalo, New York, August 30, 1843 — James G. Birney, 
of New York, and Thomas Morris, of Ohio. 

[b] Whio; Parry— Baltimore, Maiyland, May 1, 1844— Henry Clay, of Ken- 
tui-ky, and Theodore Freliiiijluiysen, of New Jersey. 

[e] Democratic Party — Baltimore. Maryland, May 27, 1844. James K. 
Polk, of Tennessee, and Geor<je M. Dallas, of Penney Ivania. 

2. Great question — Annexation of Texas. 

.{. Platforms, [a] TJherty Party — A series of resolutions denouncing; 
slavery, and callin": upon the Free States for Penal laws to stop the return 
of fuijiiive Slav 's. 

[b1 Whig — A national currency. A protective tariff. A distribution of 
surplus revenue anionj; the states. 

[cj Democratic — Same as 1840, and demanding the re-occupation of Ore- 
iion, and the re-:iunexation of Texas. 

4. The canipaijin. Nature. Position of Clay. Opposition of Liberty 
Partv. 

u. Result — Flection of Polk. Mexican war. 

1 Polk, 170. 
G. Votes. - Clay, lO.'i. 

) Birney, (35,000 — popidar. 
7. Last acts of Tyler's Administration. Effect. 

.lAMES K. POLKE'S ADMINISTRATION. 1845-4i). 
1 . The Xew Proident. 

1. Age and nativity. 2. Olticial history. 3. Education. 4. Religion. 
5. Wealth. (). Effect of his election on Democratic party: pledge. 7. Head 
(if C:il)inet. 8. Death. 

11— SFITLFMENT OF THE NORTH-WEST BOUNDARY. 
I. When. 2. Claim of the United States on Oregon. Ground— (a) Work 
of L.'wis Cl irke in IS.)4-'.). (h) I're ities with France in 1803, and Spain in 
1815>. 

15. American settlers and the boundary. 

4. Claim of En<iland on Oregon. Whv. 

5. .MottoesoftheUnitedSlat.es. (a) "o4O-40' or tight." (b) '-AH Ore- 
gon, or none." 

0. Decision, and its effect on the contesting nations. 
7. Gain of the L'nited States in land. 

Ill— Til F SOUTH-WEST BOUNDARY. 

1. Time. 2. Origin of the trouble. 

3. The I'exas Repnblii', and Texas, as a State. 



so 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY 



4. iiival claijns of Texas and Mexico as to feiritorj'. 
."). The ilisputed country. What; value. 

G. Tlie United Slates takes up tlie cliiini ofT-exas. 

7. IJoih parties send out armies. 

5. Result — Mexican war. 

IV— THE MEXUJAN WAR. 1840-48. 

1. Tiie Early War. (a) Buihling of F't. Brown, (b) The Mexicans be- 
seioe Ft. Brown, (c) Gen. Tsiylor raises tlie siejie. 

2. I'laii of liii.' War. (a) Army of occuiiatioii under Taylor to j^o South 
from the Rio Grande, (b) Army of the West under Gen. Kearny, to cross 
the Rocky Mountains ami conquer New Mexico and California. (c) Army of 
(lie ( Vutnr under Gen. Scort ro advance from the Gulf coast on the Capital. 

:^. Campaij^n of Gen. Taylor. (a) B.ittle of Palo Alto. (b) Battle of 
Resaca de La Palma. (c) Stoianinu; of Moiirei-('y. (d) Battle of Sitillo. (<-) 
Battle of Beuna ^'i?ita; wiiei-e; when: i(-sidr of each. (>>") Return of Gen. 
Taylor to the United Stares. VV'hy ; why; receprion. 

4. Cam|jais>"ns of Gen's Kearney and Frrmont. (;i) Conquest of Xew 
Mexico. Fort!t- ; linie; lendezvons; march; work. Xews of Kit Carson. 
Who; what, (b) C'onciuesf of Califoi iiia. Time; leadtM-; ailvice of leader ; 
idea of the Mexicans; nature of Fremont's <^\plori^^• work"; wdien ; what; 
where; ifsnlt. 

5. Campaiii'n of (ien. Scott, (a) Sie.i;"e <if ^'el■a Cruz : w lieu ; where; re- 
sult, [b] March lo Mexico — disrance; liattles; events, [c] Capture of Mexi- 
co — When ; lorces. 

0. Opposition to the War. [a] Generdfact. [b] Detdaration id" the \Vli't>-s. 
[i-] Su|)port of the VV^ir. IntlieKist. In the Sontli. [d] Object of tlie war. 
Why. [e] Id(!aofthf ulioii! people. [See Lowell's Biiflow Papers.] 

7. Tin; Treaty of Guadalupe Ridalixo— [a] Tiuie — F(d.. ■_>, 1848. [b[ Place 
— All obsciii'e town in Mexico, [c] Bf)nmlary, 1, 2, ;>, 4 and ."). [Si'P. Ridpath's 
A(.Mdemic History.] [d] Territory acquired — Upi)er ( 'alifoinia, Utah, Neva- 
d;i. Arizonia, Xew Mexico, [e] Guarantees of Mexico — Free navi^iation of the 
Coh)rado River, and tlii' (Tiilf (d' California, [f] Price, .firi.OOO.OOO |)lus IHOOO,- 
()(H) for damaji'e done Amei-ican cmmerce. [a] Ratilication of treaty — When ; 
by whom and procbnnarion of peace. [See AndtM'son's I^opidar Sciiool His- 
l(M-y. p. 2-1. \ 

S. Summary of I he War — [a] As a, military eon test, [b] .\s a contest ti- 
naiK'ialiy. ic] Peciil iarji ies a ^ to tin- ae([insirion of territory and th(^ ii'iininji' 
of vic!,'n-ies. (ieii. Grant's j lea-^ aboiu it. [d] Presenr belief as torhis war. 
(AndiMsoiTs Popnl ir School H'siory, pp. '2i'i-'2U). 

V— rilF DiSCOVEPY OF (iOLi) I\ (ALIFORXIA. 
I. Time. 2. Place. ."5. ( irciimsl ances. 4. B\- wlioin. .'). Spread of the 
news in (Jalifornia. Elfeei- on settlers, land, and miric<. (>. Morie\- and the 
cost of livinji'. 7. Spread of the news to tjie stales, and to the world. l^tfect 
on emi^-ratiiiii. S. IJoiiies to ('alifornia. (a) ( K'erland . i;bj I'anama. (c) 
('ape Horn. '.•. ( i row 1 hfd' San l-'ra ncisce, aird(d' (alitornia Terr-itory to 18"v2. 

10. Important f i be di-covery . I'rodneiion of the li rst year-, 'i'otai. Yi(dd 

now':' 11. Stale of XM'iety — (a) Pia' va lence of C^) (\i) Work of i he l)ettcr cit - 
izeii-: idl'eer. 12. SnlKidcnce of the L;idd fever : time; (qfeet. ]'A. (Teiier'al 
i-esiilts — i';i) On ihenrowlh of the \Ve~r. ib) On Chinese [ lumiu'ralion . (e) 
On the cori-t met ion of t he i;feat western railia)ad. (d On t he i;'iaiwlh of coin- 
mcfce w i' b 'Jbina. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 81 

VI— INVENTION OF SEWING MACHINES. 

1. Chief honor. 

2. Work of Walter Hunt — When; where; nature; defect. 

3. Work of Elifis Howe — (a) Early situation, (b) Orljjin of the idea, 
when; how; tirst attempt, (c) In vcMition of the shuttle; what; parts; rela- 
tion of this to all machines, (d) Success of the invention and aid of George 
Fisher, (e) Tesr of machine; when; how; where; result. (f) Journej' of 
Howe to Eno^laiul ; when; purpose; result; work of Biirlinjjame. (g) Appli- 
cation for, and issue of Patent ; when; result. 

4. Improvements — (a) Number of Patents, [bj Leading Improvers, [c] 
Relation of subsequent inventions to that of Howe. 

."). Reception of tlic Invention, [a] In the L^nited States. [b] In Eng- 
land ; opposition ; why. ' 

ti. Results of the Invention, [a] On Howe. ]b] On machine manufac- 
turers. [(•] On the sale of machines; its chief iflory ; its growth in popular 
favor. 

7. Machines why m) cheap now? 

5. Names ot leading Sewing Machines — Singer, Howe, vvhite, Whitney, 
Domestic, Florence, Davis, Smith, Dover, Baker, Grover. Wheeler & Wilson, 
Wilcox & Giblx. Finkle tfeLyon, S)vereiirn, New Home, Empire, Weed, Wil- 
son, Vii-tor. Crown, American, St. Jolm, Remington, Button-hole. 

Vli— 'niE ASYLUM FOR IDIOTS. 
1. When. 2. Where. :i. Previous ideas : result. 4. Work of thi.s schooL 
5. Idiot Schools : number; support. 

VIII— STATES ADMITTED. 

1. Iowa, [a] A part of what V [h] Seftlement : when ; where; by whom; 
why. (c) Organization asa territory and admission as a State; when. 

2. Wi«ci>nsin — (a) First explorers and settlers, (b) American settlers; 
when; wlier'>. (c) Organization ms a territory and admission as a State. 

XI— THE WILMOT PROVISO. 

1. Desire of b(»th partiejj. 2. Author. 3. Time. 4. Purpose. 5. Pro- 
v.sloiis. (;. Results— (a) D.'feat of the bill, (h) Brought the question of sla- 
very into pnniiiMence. 7. Formation of a !iew party, (a) N.ame; why. (b) 
Oriiriii, (cj I'dsition and nunil>ei-. (i\) Composition. (e) Joined by whom ? 
(f) Later history. Xotk. — Foundation of the proviso, ordinance of 1877. 
X — ELFCi'lOX OF NEW OFFICERS. 18J8. 

1. ('(inv<M)lioii> and (• ludidates — (a) Democratic — Baltimore. Md., ivnt-w- 
ed til.- plaft<ii-in- of 1SK» and IS44. N'oudnited Levvis Cass ol Miehigan, and 
Wni. O. Biith-r, of Kentucky. 

(I)" Whii:. F'hil.MJi'lplii.i, .Fum' 7. Xouiinated Zachary 'I'aylor, of Louis- 
iana, an. I Miliiird Fillmore, ot' New York. \o platform. 

(c) Fiee Soil.Ms. Butfalo. \. Y., .\ugust ». Nominated Martin Van 
buren of \esv York and Chas. F. Adams, of Massachusetts. 

2 Platforms — (a) l)emi>cratic — No reofular one. Voted flown in conven- 
tion by a heavy maj.uity a rnsolufion that Congress had no pwwei- to interfere 
with Slavery, either in tin* stares of tei-ritories. 

(b) Wing — N-) leoiilar plart'orin. Voted down in i-onveution repeatedly, a 
resolution afliiiniii-; the Wilmot I^rovisoasa p.irty principle. Ir was thus evi- 
dent that the Wlii..r- were nor re idy to hi.'coine .in Anti-Slavery Party, nor the 
Democrats a i'ro-Siav.iv party. Tlie State of New York had sent two delega- 
tions to tlic Democratic (Jon veiitiou, the •'Hunkers" or Conservatives, who 



83 MANUAL OF UNITED STA I'ES HISTORY. 



\vi<liiM| to Irivc rim Slavery ijiiesiioii i.i .ibeyaiire, aiul tlie ''B inil)iii'ii(Ms" nr 
Five Siiil liciiiociMts, uiio oppo-icil any tnr.lier extension of slavery it>to the 
Tell itories;. Boili u ere aiiinil teil, Imt the Barnburners withdrew and joined 
tin- Free Soilers. I'ln-y adopted a plattorni, df^elarinj; tiiat Congress had no 
power to make a slave than lo ni ike a kinj^', and that there should be no more 
.Slave Stales nor Slave IVrritorie.-. 

3. The Canipaiijn — [a] Nature. [ hj Popularity ot Taylor. Why. [v\ 
Vole tor Van Bureii. [i\] Result. 

X— ITIE lAKlFF OF 184B. 

Was passed tiy a parry vore. It aimed at a list of duties .-uttieient only to 
provid"' revenue for the (lovernment without r ■o-ard to proteeiion. 

rAYFOR'S AND f IFLMORE'S ADM INISTRATIOX— 1849-1853. 

I. The New President. 

1. Previou-i services, and popularity. 

2. Knovvled^'f of eivil atlairs. 

3. Interest in politics — Rei>ief. 

4. Support of th'^ see.tifuis — Why. 

5. P.jrsonal esteem. G. Reliijion and wealth. 

II— IIIE ADMISSION OF CALIFORNIA. 

1. < )rivriu of its iniportaiu-e. 

2. Action of Califonda Territory. 1. 2, and 3. 

3. Discussion (d' slavery, (a) (reneral fact, (h) Positions of the sections. 
U'hy. (c) Nature of i>sue. 

4. The adun-si(ui of States since 1820. 

(a) Free States, 12/ Ark.. 1836; Fla., 1845: Tex., 1845) ,, , .„.. 

(h) Slave " 12\' Mich., 1837; la., 1846; Wi.s., 1846\ '"•' **'*"• 

('aliforiiia gave to the north the tfreater congressional repre-sentation. 

4 The Oninihns Bill— (a) Why socalledy (b) When, (c) Origin, (d) 
Leader, (e) Provisions. As to California. As to L'tah and New Mexico, 
Texas. District of Colutnhia, Fugitive Slave Law. 

5. Debate of the hill. 

(a) As a whole, (h) The last pi'ovision. 

(c) Opposition of the Abolition P.arty. Lfaders. 

(d) Position of the south, and Clay and Webster. 

(e) Ideas of the secitions as to this bill being a repeal of the compromise of 
1820. Why. 

in — DEATH OF THE PRESIDENT. 
1. When. 2. Sickness. 3. Term of office. 
4. Last words. 5. Successor. 

IV— THE NEW PRESIDENT. 
1. Early life. 2. Education. 3. Religion. 4. Wealth. 5. Otticial His- 
tory. (5. Policy. Eflect. 

V— ARITC EXPLORATIONS. 

1. Work of.Dr. Franklin, (a) Who. (h) When, (c) Purpose, (d) Re- 
sidt. 

2. Work of Henry Critiindl. (:0 Wlio. (b) When, 1851. (c) Where. 
Purpose, (d) Results; 1 awd 2. 

4. Later Explorers — (a) The ''Polaris" in 1871, under Captain Charles 
F. Hall. (b). The "United States" in 1800, under Captain Isaac J. Hayes, (c) 

Tlie •Mc:iii''rf«'." under Captain . Result. | See Newnnin.] 

ruipose, and results of these expeditions. 



MANUAL OF rXITED STATES HISTORY. 83 

VI— FORMATION OF A NEW EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 
1. Name. 2. When. 3. riiipose. 

4. Duties, 1 iiiid 2. 5. Head ealied. What. 6. First Secretary. 
VIM— KXI'KDITIONS AGAINST CUBA— 18.-.()-l. 

1. First expedition, (a) Time, (h) Idea of tile liisiuj>entis. (oj Leader. 
(d) liHiidiiii; ill Cidia. Wjien. Wliere. Results, 1, 2 and 3. 

2. Second I'XixMiition — (aj Time, (b) F-eader. (e) Force, (d) Ren- 
dezvous, (e) Results, 1 and 2. [See Ridparh's Aeademie Hi.'story, p. -A02. 

IX— FISHERY TROUBLES WITH ENGLAN D— 1852. 
1. Oii^jin. 2. Qiie-tion. 3. Position of tiie Disputants, and their Hctiou. 
4. Settled. Wli.-ii. How. Provision. [See Ridpath.] 

X— UNCLE TOM'S CABIN— 1850. 
By Harriet Beecher Stowe, first appeared as a serivl in tlie "National Era" 
at Washiufiton, D. C. It h;is been translated into many lanu;uaiie<, and been 
spread broadeast over ilie whole umld. It had the greatest influenee in inouP 
dinji' and streii>rtlieiiiii<i the anti-slavery sentiment of recent years. It is the 
jjreatest bnoK of its kind ever written. The moment of its issue whs propi- 
tious in the extreme. Another book which broujjht forth a storm of abuse in 
the south, was the "Impendin*; Crisis," by H. R. Helper, of N^orth Carolina. 
It was the subject of trreat debate in the XXXVI Conjjress. first se.ssion in 
1861). It appealed to the poor whites of the south "never to give another vote 
for !! slavery advocate, and never to have any fellowship in religion or affilia- 
tion in society with slave holders." It had immense circulation. 
Xr- THE BOSTON WATCH COMPANY— 1850. 
The manufaeture of American watches was begun at Roxbury, Massa- 
chusetts, by Aaron Dennison, Edwanl Howard, and Samuel Curtis. Mr. 
Deniiis(ui traveled abroad, .and studied the line of work. He, and Mr. Howard 
invented the process of making the parts of a watch by machinery. These 
men erected the first bnildiiiir in the world for siudi a purpose. The business 
was contimied at Roxbury till 185-1; then if was moved to Walthain. 
Xn — THE JENNY LIND TOUR— 1850. 
She iirrived in the United States in September, and had engaged with P. 
T. Banmin to give one bundled and fifty concerts in the United States and 
Cuba. The first three concerts alone in Nevv York brought her nearly $10,000 
each. All of the first she gave.avvay for t^harity. Her reception throughout the 
country vvas very enthusiastic. She had probably the greatest popularity of 
any of tlie children of so;ig, who have ever visited the United States. 
XIII— THE NORTH-WEST PASSAGE— 1850. 
'The lonir-souirlit passage was discovered by Captain McClure, who in the 
'•Investigator," had passed through Bebriuii's Strait and spent two years on 
the north shore of Ameri(!a. returning home through Davis Strait, In 1855, 
Capt.ain McClure received £5,000 which had been oftered for this discovery, 
and was knighted. 

XIV— 'TOUR OF LOUIS KOSSUTH IN THE UNITED S TATES-1851-2. 
December 5; Louis Kossutli, the gretvt Hungarian patriot, arrived in the 
United St.-iles upon the war steamer "Mississippi," whi<'h had been sent to 
Europe for him by the government. He came as the guest of the .American 
))eople. and was received as such. He spoke in behalf of European liberty in 
all the largir cities of the United States, and raised sums of money for his 
ou I) ueedv and oppicvs.il people. He icuiaiiied lieic about eight months, and 
his course was ore coii:iimeil oviiioii. He left lor Europe July 16. '52. A 



84 MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 

large, white, soft fell iiat w as worn !)}• Kossuth in this country, and for years 
afterward Kossuth hats were all the rage, 

[See RidpaihV Aeadeiuic Hisrory, p. 402.] 

XV— DEATH OF GREAT MEN. 

1. John C. Calhoun — The cliainpion of States Rights and Southern inter- 
ests at "Fort Hill." S C, M.ireh 31, 1850. 

•2. Henry Clay — The great •Paeiticator," and the "Idol of the West" at 
Asiiland, Ky., .June 28, 1851. 

3. Daniel Webster — The eliatnpion of National Supremacy. The ex- 
pounder of the Consritution and Che gi mt intellect of New England, at Marsh- 
tield, Mass., October 24, 1852. A careful stu<iy should be made of the lives 
of these great men iniduding particnhirly : (a) Tlieir work as statesmen in 
their dine, (b) I'iie ettect of their vNorkoii ful ore prosperity, (o) The eftes;t of 
tiieir tleath on (political orjjaniz iiions. .^ei^ AiMl(M-sr»n's U. S. Reader. 
X V I— r H E A S TOR L 1 BR A R Y . 1848-1 854 . 

The trustees appointed by .John J. Astor, met according to tne provisions 
of his will in .May 1848, and took ineisnres to procei'd rapidly in fulrtlling the 
bequesi. Dr..). B. (.'og>\sel I w.is appuiii ted Superintendent and was sent to 
Enropi', u itii $20,000 to l)ny books. He olitained 20,000 volumes in four 
rnontlis, w liicli were increased to 70,000 when the biiiidiug was opened Janu- 
ary 20, 18.54. Tliis magnirtcHiit be(piest has proved a gr.^at blessing to New 
York. 

.Will — ELECTION OF NEW (OFFICERS. 18.52. 

1. ('onventious and eandidates and pi itfonns: 

(a) Democraiie — Biliiniore. Maryland, dune 1. Nominated Franklin 
Pierce, of New Hauipsliire, an I Win. R. Iving of Al lOani i. If endorsed the 
Keatindiy ;i;i:l V^iri'lni i rcsoliitio:is of 17i)8, an I pli-dg^-d snppoi-t to the com- 
promise of 1850, inidudiiiii the I'^igitive Slave Law. 

(I)) I'lie Whig, BiUimoiv. M ii y I in I, -I nn- 1(3. n>minite| ijr'ix. Wintield 
Sritft, of \^irginia. ami W'ni. .\. (iraham, ol' Non li (J irolin i. It likewise en- 
dorsed the eoni|ii oinise of 1850, ini-liuliiig the Fugitive Slave Law. 

(c) Tie Fivi- Soil Party noniin.iie I John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, and 
George W. Julian, of Indiana. ( l"he Apo-taif Julian.) Itdeidareil slaverj^ as 
a sin against (iod. and a crime ag.ainsi man; and denouiu-ed i he compromise 
of 1850; and the two panics who sui>portHi| it. The Whig party in this cam- 
paign was then lorcihly said to liavi' ilied "of an attempt to ssvallow the Fu- 
gitive Slave Law. 

2. The campjiign — Its n.itnn'. 

3. The )a-u!i. 

XVll -SLAV FRY IROUBLES 

1. 'I'hc ( apture of Fugitive Slave — (a) Of a slave at Detroit, Mi(diigan, 
(Jeiober, 1850. Such ;in cxcitcnieni aiosc that the military hail to be called 
out. The citizens linally raiscil .•|;50(), .and bought him of his claimant, (b) 
DeceiMbei-23, 1850: a fiigiiivc slave n.anied Hemy Long. arres;ed in Nevk York 
and rediiiic'l lo liisclaimirii by ihe.Jnd^c. {<■ ) lirei! liiii of <ome Pennsyl- 
vania people v\ ho \i ere presen; n iiei) ,i iiia>ier tried to capture his slave at 
Ciirisiian I. I'enii»y I vaiii.a. Tic niasier wa- killeil in the etlort. This trial 
cost ihe riiileil Stales !);7().()()o. ;i,i(l noboily w .a> con victcil . 

2. The oiieiatioMs of til.' Kngilive Slave L I w— [;i] (icnetal fact, [hj'idie 
act of the slave, .\1 .aig i ri'i ( i.i riier. Wiiat. Wlier'-. Tc] i'he arrest of .\nthony 
Bin IIS. I'ldc'-i. |i|! Oblig ilioiLS of [tiivate citizens as to the law. Effect. 
(Bun.,-" Kiot. '\ ' " 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. R5 

S. 'I'lie |)a.es:ia:f of Mfis I)y State Lejiislutufes lo ureveiit the operation of 
tlie Fdiijitive Slave Law. 

4— THE LXDERGROUND RAILROAD. 
[a] Wlijit. [Ill Purpose and work. 
[I'j President — Levi Cotiiii, of ('inciiiiiati. 
[i\] VVoiU nt Abolitioni>:s aixl Quaiiei-,-;. 

[e] OI)ject of tlie slave-! in eseapiiitj? Why? 

[f] Method (»f Pseape on ilieeoast. 

[£] Story itf the LTiiderijromid Riilroad. 
[h] Belief of the Abolitionists. Action. 

FRAXIvLIX PIERCE'S ADMIXLS TRATIOX. 1853-7. 
1. The New President. 

1. Position HS a hiwyer and sfatessniMn. 

2. Edneation, i-eiiirion and vveaUii. 

8. Pled<;e to his Party — S3'nipathies and influence. 

4. His otlieial history. 

5. ('ondu<-t in the war of Union. 

Il-I'HE GADSDEN PURCHASE. 1853. 
L The maps of tiie treaty of Gnadahipe and Hidaijjo. 

2. Tlie disputeil territory — The Messila Valley. Where; value; \vh}' 
wanted by the United States? 3. Price. 

4. Guarantees of Mexico as to Golf of Callforni a, and the Colorado river. 

5. Whysoeiiiled? Orjiauized intoy 

111— i'lIE WORLD'S FAIR AT NEW YORK. 1853. 

1. Tlie l'\iir of Entrland ; when; where; kind of buildlnjj; loader; invi- 
tation. 

•J. The Fail- of the United States ; when; where; building and nature ; 
attendance. 

3. Tiie p'air of P^rance; when; where. 

4. Later International Fairs; where; when. 

5. Result as to ideas of progress, and mutual acquaintance and respect. 

IV— TREATY WITH JAPAN. 1853. 
1. Whv di'sirabie. 2. Effect of the jealousy of the Japanese. 
3. Expedition of the United States, (a) Leader, (b) Object, (c; Land- 
ing of the fleet and procession, (d) Results — On Japanese advancement; on 
commerce. 

V— THE PACIFIC RAILROAD S^^HEMES. 

1. Proposal of Whitney — When; what; result. 

2. Proposal of Degrand. When; what; result. 

3. Completion of the Panama railroad. Time; place; by whom ; length 
471^ miles; co-t $7,000,000; eftect. 

4. A corps of engineer sent out bv tiie United States — 

[a] When. [1)1 Where. [c] Pur|)ose. [dj Work. One party explor- 
ed from St. Paul to Puiret Sound. Another explored to the Pacificon the 36th 
parallel, .\notiier explored to the Pacific bv way of Great .Salt Lake in Utah. 
Another from some point on the lower Alississippi to the coast of California to 
at San Diego. 

VI — .V.MERICAN REAPERS. 1855. 

A trial between reaping machines of all nations was held at Par's in 1855. 
Machines were prcsiMi' fro'ii England, .\lgeria, and the United States. The 
American* shuwed entire suijcrioriiy, cutting au acre of oats in 22 minutes, 



m .MAXUAl. OF UNITED STa lES HISTORY 



while it t(n)l< I lie Eiiifjish 6(J miiiiitHs. an I tlii- Alo|;tM-iiiiw 72 iniiiures. The eii- 
lliiisia.-m oil tlie |iair of sviriiesses was iiubnuiided. A trial between tiire^iiers 
was heliJ s<n>ii at'ier in Enulanil, aiul :i;fain in Franee wirli the same resnit. 
Th 'se vii'ories t'nv An)eiican ni ichinists <;-ieatly inL'reased the exportation of 
Aiueriran inachincrv to foreiijn countries. 

VII— rHE ASSOCIATED PRESS. 1855. 

Tiiis association was formed by the New Yoik daily papers in order to 
distribule the tt'lei:i-:i phic new« most eX|)editionsly . It has assnined innnen>e 
proportions in late years. 

Yin — BIRTH OF THE REPUBMCAX PARI'Y. 1854. 

Tlie first nioveinenr lor the or<ranizati(ni of th«- Repnhli<'an |)arty in the 
L'ldted .States, look piaee in the Conorcirational ('hnr(di at Ri|)on, Wisconsin, 
l'\d(i-ijaiy •2[), 18.54. 'I'he Whi^' (tarty had been broken up bv its defeat in 1852. 
The .\ehr.j-;ka Rill was about to be p:i<sed; and liie convirtions of Whiu;<, 
Free-oileis, ami .\ n ti-Sla\ ery Democrats were rapidly y,ainin<£ in clearness 
and power. Major A. E. Bovay, of Rip(Mi, anticipatinj; the Nebraska Bill, 
canvassed his friends, to secure, if possihie. their co-(ti)eration in the forma- 
tion of H new party opposed to the extension of slaviM-y. Tiie leader in speak- 
inji' in 1852. predicted the orifaniztition of such a p:irty, ;iiid proposed the name 
•'R<'|uibliran" for it. "'As havinir associations which would universally at- 
iiaci men to it." Several meetin<r« were held in the town and vicinity under 
I he leadership of Bovay, and the movement soon assumed consider'rthle dimen- 
sions. I'l June, the name "Republi(;an" was ailopted by tht^ Stite conventioi'i 
ot ;Michio-an, and soon the counti'y was tilled with if. Henry Wilson in the 
"Rise and Fall of Slave Power in America" s:iys : "Thus early did thi> ninni- 
bers i.f rliat frontier town inansuratea movement whi<'h was destined to sweep 
and control the Nition ; and which did sweep the country, aufl cliau<;e (uitire- 
ly the ixdicy of the Ooverument." Wirh this movement were soon identified 
nio-t of tilt' WhiiT'^. tlie I''reesoiler.s, the .Aliolitionists, and the .\uti-Slavery 
Democr.it-i ; and in the eMmp;ii'/n 185fi showed its new, but even then, irijianlie 
power. [See Nf-uinan, pa*r»^517.] 

XI— ORirUN OF THE KN< )W-X(yrHI YG PAR'IY. 1852. 

"It 'I p pea red in 1852. a< a secret, oitli-b mnd p u'tv. of who<e uime, nnture. 
and fdijects, nothinir was tohl even to its members, until th^'V hid reached the 
iMLrhest deiri-ppj;. Their rousei|nent detdnration that the\' knew nothiuu; about 
it. irave the jiartv its popular name of Know Nothiny:. Its real name was the 
".American Order of tlieSrar Spin-iled Banner." It .iccepted the mime of the 
".\meric:in Party." Its desisrn was to oppose the easy n:ituralizalion of for- 
eifjners. and to niil the (dection of native horn citizens to oflice. It panicular- 
ly opposed Roman Csitlntlicism. Its nominations were made hv serri^t con- 
ve.itioiii ot" dideir:ifes f rnm the \-m rious lodires, and were voted foj- by all the 
mendjcrs; at t1 i-st , by eudoi siuir t he noun tci tious of the other trreat pai-ties it 
''•'(•idi'd manv elections, .\frer the p:is<aire of the Kansas and Nebriiska Bills, 
the Know Nothiufrs received lu-;r'* necessinns from the Southern ^V'■hiirs;, who 
were unwilliuj; to he Demncrat<. It thus hei^ome for a time a National Pjirty. 
It carried nine of the State elections, in 1855; in 1850 nominated Presidential 
candidate-: after this, its southern members <rradual!v joined the Democracy, 
and the Know Nothiiiir party disappeared from politics." [See Johnston.] 
THE SLAVERY AGITATION OF THIS ADMTNISTR A'lTON. 1852-185;}. 

T!i<! idea had now (1852) become prevalent in Cuba and in Europe that it 
was the setth'd policy of the United States to get control of Cuba, and thus ob- 



MANUAL OF UXITED 81 ATES HISTORY. 



tain the control of tlie Gulf of Mexico — tlie door to C.iliforni.i — and tiie trade 
of tti'.' \V'c>t rndic<, then owned cliietly by Enshind and France. To prevent 
thi<. France ai;d Enjihind ask the Unirerl States to enter into a treaty witli 
ihcni which shonld sccnre ('nba to Spain, b\' ajjreein^i to disclaim "now and 
t'oiever hereafter, all intention to obtain |iosses.s!ioii of the Inland of Cul).i,"' and 
" to di<coniitcnance all such attempts to that effect on the pait of any power, 
or individual w harcver." 

F.iluard Everett, SeiMcfary of State in a response December 1, 1852, told 
Eoirhmd and France plainly that the qnestion was an American and nota Eu- 
ropean one. and not propi'riy within their interference. That while the Uni- 
Ici] States disclaimed all intention to violate existinii^ nentraiity laws, it wonld 
i;ot relinquish the riijiit to act in relation to Cuba, independent of any other 
power; and that it conid not see with indifference, "the Island of Cuba fall 
into the h inds of any other p'>\ver ih in Spain." [See Monroe Doctrine.] This 
ended t he disciission of the 'I'ripartite ri'eaty. [See I.o«sinff.] 

Xr— THE OSTEXD CIRCULAR. 1854. 

In Ani:iist, Is."i4, tiie President ordered Mr. Bnchan.an, then American 
emhas-i.ador at T^ondon. Mr. Mas(m, embassador .at Paris, and Mr. Soule, em- 
bass idor .at Madrid, to meet at some convenient i)lace, and confer on some 
me.-ins of settlinsr the difHcnlties aliont Cnba, and traininu: possession by nni-- 
ciiase or otherwise of the Island. They accordin^lv met at Ostenil. a town of 
l'.elL''iiim. , and afterward at Aix-la-Ch;ipellc. and aftei' ,a week's deliberation 
embodied iheir views in the Ostend circnlar. It recommended the purchase 
of Cuba if p(wsil)le; if not. the acquisition of it bv force. "If Si)ain," said the 
Circular, "actuated by stubborn pride .and ti false .sense of honor, should re- 
fuse to <o\] Cuba ro the Cuited States, then by every law human .and divine, 
we shall be justified in wresting it from Spain if we possess the power." [See 
Los,;ino;'s Centennial U. S. History, p. 520.] 

XII— TITE ERA OF FILIBUSTERIXG. 1853-60. 

1. Me:iiiin<r of Filibusrer — Tn Spanish, :i pirate. In Eni^lish applied to 
such .adventurers as tried to seiMire pf)wer in the former Spanish American 
provinces. Of .all these Wni. Walker was bv lar the most famous. 

2. Expeditions — [a] .\n attempt on Sonor.a 1853. 

[b] Affainsr Xicaraeua in 185.5 — Succeeded in miking himself President 
for two rears, ami was then driven from the country. 

[c] M.akes two more attempts from Xew Orleans and Mobile, but both 
were nnsui'cessfnl. 

[i\] .\srainst Hondnr.as in 1860, was fleteated. arrested and executed. This 
eiuled the afteniors .-it Filibusterino;, (which were Southern S(rhemes,)and if the 
irovernment did nor help in them, it at least was a passive spectator. 

XIII-rilE KAX'^SAS AX^D XEBRASKA BILL. 1853. 

1. Author. 2. Purpose. 

3. Provisions as to number .and n.ame-i of territories, and as to Slavery. 

4. Debates in Conjrrpss. 

5. Position of the Sections on the qnestion. 

6. The petition of the X^'ew England clerirvmen. 

7. Pas5a<re of the Bill. Result. 

8. General eft'ect — Claim of the X'ortli. Boast of Robert I'oombs, of 
Georo:ia. 



«« 



.MANTAl. OF INITEU ril'A IKS IJlSTOliY 



XIV— I'HE COLOXrZATIOX OF KANSAS. 1833-Gl. 

1. Sirii^iiic. Tlie F.-irties: purijose: why. 

2. Routes ot Xortiifi II :iik1 Soiitliei-ii .-ettlers. 

3. .M;iss,i(,'liiisi'tts Eiiiiiiiarit -Sociery. 

4. riif ii\al (;i>iisririitii>ii-, Lcgislatiires, Capitals an. I t!ie lival Delegates 

ill C'i!l)<i•^l•^8. 

0. 'I'lii- linnler KiiHiaiis ; wine uoik. 
G. AcIiiMi oi ilie General (^ioveniiiieiit. 

7. Tlie HiM-.ler War'aie— [a] i'lie universal l.ilk. [!)] Sackinir and burn- 
ing- nT La .\ r.iic,-. [.] (JonlHeti)! pMiiies. [il] I'eaee restni-.MJ by Llie i|i|)i)iiil- 
liieiil (it Joiiii \V. (ieaiy, of [-'ennsy I Van ia, Milirai'V Gi)Vcrn(>r. Time, Sepleiii- 
ber 2, 18.35. Pnwi-rs; results. 

XV— rilE CON'TESl' FOR SFEAKEIi OF I'llE HOLkSE. 

1. When. 2. Who. XiiMiber of ballots. 4. Leni>fii ot time. ."). Kesnk. 

XVI— THE TARIFF OF 18.57. 

P.i>-e(i by Ixitii bouses and t>ecame a law. It redueed duties on imports 
to ., lower lai.- than ilio.«;e of any Tariff sinee 181G. Tlie Tariffs <jra<lnallv in- 
cr<ia!<rd tVi.m I8iG to 1S32, .and irradu.ally dt-i-.n-nsi'il from IS.'JIJ t(j 1S.")7, when 
dutie> w.'re nearly where tl>ey \\i_'v9 in 181G. 

XVll— ASSAULT ON CIL\S. SUMNER, MAY 2i'. 18.-)G. 

1. Willi. -J. Occasion. •'!. Ass.ijlanr. 4. EfiVcts on Sunjiier. 5. EtteiM 
on the North. G. Effect on Brooks. 7. Effeet on the South. Brooks, upon 
returning; lo <;olund)ia, S. C, Aiiuust 2".), w.is liranted a public reeeptimi and 
pre.-ented with a tine .<iolrl-headed cane. 

XVIII— ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS. LS.^iG. 

1. (_:onvention, platforms and candidates. 

[a] Tlie Know Nothinjj:.-. February 22. Detdared Americans should 
rule America, -Hid nat u r.alization should only be ij'ran ted after 21 j'ears, I'esj- 
<lence; a nd condemn(>d th<' i-epe;d of the Missouri Compronii>e. Nominated 
Millianl Fiilmoro, of New York, and AndievvJ. Donel.son, of Tennessee. 
These nominations Init not the iilatforms were accepted by the rentnants of 
the «ir«';i!' VVhi;j: wi-eek at B.-ilfiiriorc, Septemlier 17. 

[It] Democratic, June 2, at Cincinnati. Adopted the earlier platforms, 
condemneil Know Nothinjri-im, approved the Kansas-Nebraska Bill, .and the 
subsrirution of Squattei' Sovereio:nty, for the comiiroinise of 1820. It nomina- 
ted :;imes Rucdianan, of Penn.'sylvania, and John 0. Breckenridjre, of Ken- 
tucky. 

[c] 'I'he Repulilican, June 17, at Piii!ad(dphia. Advocated internal im- 
provements, thfi riojht and ilufy of C'>n<ri"P=s to prohibit slavery and polys^iiny 
in the territories, and to admit Kansas :is a free .State. Declared a<rainst the 
repeal oC rhe Missouri Comproiuise, and the iicneral ptdicy of the administra- 
tion, a ml the exrension of Sbna-rv. It nominated .John C. Fremont, of Cali- 
fornia, and Win. S. Day ton, of New Jersey. 

2. The i-ampaijiii ; party spirit. 

3. Residton all the parties. 

.1 AMES BUCHANAN'S ADMINl.^VPRATION— 1859-61. 

I . I'll.' N'cw Pi csidiMit. 

I. Horn— When :om| ul, err. 2 C.i 1 led what ? 3. Offices (i lid. 4. PMu- 
<a!ion, rcli::ion nnd w cab h . 

5. .\ von ..,i (,hj,.ct i.i' his adinii i>!iaIioii. ;aj As to the pa'ty. ;bj As to 
iri'clional Iceliii;;. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES niSTORY. 80 

II— THE MORMOX REBELLION'— 1857-8. 
1. Time. 2. Place. 3. Cause — An utteiiipt of the UiiiUnl States to extend 
iis jn(Iiei;il .syptein over Utah. 4. Aetion of the Moiiiions — Resnlt. 

4. The United States sends an army to Utah, (a) When, (b) Purpose. 
(e) Result. 

Ill— TROUBLE WITH PAP.AGUAY— 1858. 
1 — Ai'tion o( Paraujnay — Her troops tire on an American vessel exploring 
the Paraguay Klver. '2. Action of the United States, (a) Demands repara- 
tion of Paraguay. (I)) Is ohliged to send out a ileet to obtain satisfaclioii. 
(c) Sends a commissioner with the Ib^et to settle the (rouble. 

I^. ParaiTUay makes suitable apolouies for the wrong comnntted. 
IV -THE ATLANTIC CABLE. 

1. Prediction of Morsf. What. When. 

2. Work of .lohn .) . Craven. Who. Win n. Kind of cable. ^Vhere 
laid. Honor, iiesults. ;{. Oriijin of the idea </f the .Mlantic. Cable, (a) 
leader. (I>) Parlies. Capital. Work, (c) The Construction company. Lay- 
ing of cable from Nov.a Scotia to Xewtoundland. Results of ocean soundings. 
I)e|.th. Beil. 

;C The construction of the I'.abh'. (a) (.'ondiict ing line. Eoiin. (Jompo- 
sition. Covering. Made \vliei-e. [h] First aneuipi. (c) Secon.l attempt- 
When. Rc'snlr. (d) Third attempt. Wiu-n. Result, (e) The cable. Length' 
1640 miles. Extremities : Trinity Bay, Xewfoundland .and V'alentia Bay| 
Irelainl. (.">) The success. First disp.atch. Sender. What. To whom 
i'ublic le(din<r. Conjiratulatory messages. Senders. What. 

V- THE DISCOVERY OF PETROLEUiM— ISoO. 

1. Time. 2. Place. 3. Experiments in Ohio. When. What. Residt. 
4. Forme" kind of oil. Name. How nnule. 

5. Boring of the W(dl in Pennsylvania. When. Wlu-re. Yield. De|)th. 
Value. 

<i. EtlecFs. On specalaii(ni. On oil land. On the yield. On fortunes. 
On illumination. 



SLAVERY TROUBLES. 



VI— THE HREI) SCOTT I )E('ISIOX— lS5(;-7. 

L Wjiv soralh'dy 2. Author, .lud<r,. 'r.-mcy. 3. Time. Decided in 
IS.")!), hut judiiinenl was n<ir iiMideied until after the excitement of the Presi- 
dential tdecti(ui -hould sidisidc. History of S.-oit and his (d.aini to freedom. 

L Declaration^: — fa) The Mi-souri Conipiomisf was unconstif utional- 
(h) 'I'hat under the eonsiitution slave owners have .-i rliilit to h(ph' their slaves 
in the territories, (e) Thar neither neirro slavi's noi- iheir descendants, shive 
iH>r free, can become citizens of the United States, (d) Taney was ;ilso under- 
stood to say, '"Xeirroes liave no riirhts, which w hite men are bound to respect.' 
"This decision nnirUs the last attempt to decide the contest between Slavkky 



90 



MANUAL OF UNITED .STATES HISTORY. 



Extension and Slave Uestkiction by uiriii of law, :iih1 tVoii) this time tlie 
t'oursc? orevents ti'iids willi increasing rapidity to a ^ertlemeiit by iorce." Tlie 
compromise of 1820 prohii)ire(l slavery in part of tiie Territories. Those north 
of 36° ami 30'. Tiie compromise of 1850, and its snpplement — The Kansas 
and XebrasUa Bill of 1853. opened nil tiie Territories to tlie cliances of slavery. 
In bo;h of these tlic (c/h//V< jieoplc had ajrieed. But the Died Scott Decision 
op-ned o// the 'I'erritories, and all liie Free Stati-s to slavery. It Avas plain 
that this wonid nevei- i)e riceivcil us i;iu by the Free States. This decision 
showed the failure (if the Snprenie (,"onrt as an aibitei-; and called tlie atten- 
tion of iheNorih to ihe inijjracticable deuiands of slave- owners. Here the 
northern (Duiiii'lasj l^emocrats, nnwilliny; to follow i he Sonth tnrther, chose 
rather to divide the p.uiy. In 185" the Slave I'ower of (of 300.000) sl.ive- 
ow.;ei's coiiirolied the Simih, the South lontrolled ihe Democratic party, and 
the Demucralic parjy coutrolleii the Uniiiii. 'I'he Sonth now felt doubtful ot 
the Kansas si rn;j;;j;le, and had not received the expected increase of Slave 
States, and United States Senators from the lenitory w lested fiom Mexico. 
Aftei' the admission of Texas in 1845. live new Xortliern States were admitted, 
ami others were evidenily alm<>>t ready for applicalicm ; while no new .Sonth- 
ei-u States ciiuld lie foi nn-d lo counter-balance them. Now, there were but 
three available courses to pursue : (;i) to add ('ulia to the Uidon. (b) To ac- 
ipiire territory south of Texas, (c) 'I'o re-open the African slave trade. I'he 
loUowii)^ suhjei-t^ had to do wiih ('uha of which we vainly tried to ^et 
possession, (a) The Tripa rtile Treaty in 1853. (b) The Osieiid manifesto in 
1854. (c) The ex|)edifions of l,o|)e/ — 1850-1. The scheme for the ac(piiring 
of new tcrriioiy souih of 'I'exas is bodied forih in the P"'ilibusteriiijf Era- 
(1853-60.) The i-e-opening of the Afiicun slave trade was already sei'ioirsly 
demanded by many slave owners. flrerc seemed tf> be a strons; probability 
that Soirther'M leaders would endeavor' to obf.ain IVoin the next Demuci-atic 
con\'ei)tion a deid.iraiiou in fa\(nof renew iiiii the slave traile. Failinji in all 
tiieselhey desired a secession, oi' s(|)aratioii, ti-om the Free Stales, and the 
fo|-matioii ()t' :iii indepeudenf ii"ovi'iiimeiit, in which slavery would be secured 
fi om all aU icks or- resi rictii>M-. 

V!l — I'ERSOXAL !,IBER1'Y BILLS— (1S57— 
1. What. 2. U'|ie;i. 3. Why. 4. Purpose. 5. Effect. 

Vm -'IIIE .lOlI.X BROWN RAID. (1859.) 

1. Where. •_>. Atrthor. 3. Life in Kansas. 
4. I'lan. 5. .Method of secniiiii>- .n-iiis. 

(». The atr.Mck and seizuic ot' rhc United Slates Aiseind. [a] Where. 
[h] When. [cj. Fnlh)wer-. F 
[e] Result. —Tnir -en killi'd. 'w. 
W^lieu. Whei-e Bet uc w!iorn. Ciiai-ires. iiesnlt. 

8. Fxei'irtion. When. Where. !) La-t act. 

0. Efl'eets of Bi-own'-< R ihl. [a] 1 n ee,,,-r-al. [h] On the r he South, par - 
tii-irlarly the Disunioui-is. [c] On the .\orth. i'revaleirt idea. — [.See Y;iidvee 
ill < anada : 11. D. d'luu eaii. 

IX— .VDMISSiO.V OF SI .\ TKS— 1857-'(;i. 

7. .Miiiiiesota, [1857]. Visiieil iir>i When. By whom. [It] Work of 
Pike, WhiM. [c] First while stMemenr. fdj (Mim.ile and y;rowi h . 

2. Ocii'oii. [1819. [a] E.irly exiiloreis. ■[!)] First settlement. Where. 
\Vhy. r>v whom. [c. Settlemeiii.-. of 1834. Where. By whom, [d] Causes 



biles and 5 neiiroes. [d] ( 'irciimstani'es 
e.ip -I, an 1 seven !iuii>j:. Trial of Brown. 



of rapid i:iowtli. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES niSTOrvY. 91 

3. Kansas, [1861]. [a] The Stnijrirlo. What. When. [I)] Influence of 
tin* Presidoiif. [r] Impossibility oC Slaxery. [d] AVhat kind of State. 

X— THE PANIC OF 1857. 

I Causes, [a] Excessive speiMiIatioiis in Western lands r.nd IJailroads. 
[h] Tiie siK-eessive failure of Europe 

2. Kvrni-. AuiTust 21, the Oiiio Life Insur.inee t\nt\ Trust Company 
failed, and the paiiie was opened September i.'-'fi. The Philadelpliia Ranks 
suspend specif p-iyment. October l;!,14, the N'ew York Banks suspend sjiccie 
payment, and the Haid<s of Massaeliusefts o^o down in a day tlio 14th. No- 
vember 2. unemployed workmen held a larije mass meetiuir, and .anoiher 
November 10. Their distress durinir the |ianie were i'leat. December 12. ihe 
New York Bank'* resumed specie i):iyment, and were soon followed by others. 
The li:il)ilitie< to this panie were f u- $201,750,000. 

'A. Results, [a] Commei-ci;d failures. [li] Sns|)ension of specie p:iy- 
m;*nts by the Buiks. [c] A <jener:il dcrin'ssion of business for the following; 
year. 

XI-I)EA I'll OF GREAT MEN— Newn)an p. p. .r22'(;. 

1. Wm. H. Prescott. [a] Where. [b] Who. [c] Work, [d] When. 

2. R.ifns Choate. [:i] Where, [b] Who. [c] Work- [d] Whp.u. 
;i Horace Maun, [a] Where, [b] Work, [c] When, [d] Who. 

4. Wa-hin^rt,,M Irvinjr. [a] Where, [b] Who. [e] Work, [d] When. 

5. Parker Cleveland, [a] Where, [b] Who [c] Work, [d] When. 

XII— riTK (;re.\t comstock lode— is.')!). 

'I'bis mine was discovered in Nevado tiy Conisioek and Fennimore. They 
at once tiled claims ro rliciraet. Neither of ihem realized the value of the 
"find." IMiinney .•■.old his share to Conistoek for .a pimli of s,'"''' dust and a 
mule, and Comstock parted with the wiiole claim for :i sm:dl amount. 'J'li(^ 
litulin>r of this lode <r:ive oriji^in to the silver excitement. By ISfifi, $70,000,- 
0^0 worth liad be. mi t.ikcn iroin ilic lode. Jt h.i< been the richest mine in llie 
world. 

XIII— THE COLORADO POrATO BEETLE— IS.-JO. 

The mi<jrations i>f' this beetle bco-.tn now in earnest. Soon it wa^ in Ne- 
braska an'l lowi. Ir reicbed ;iud p isscd the Mi-;-;i<»i|)[ii in ISriTi. and traveled 
on, rava>;in>; lilinoi.-j, Wisconsin, Indiana .-ind Michi;ran in 1867, Ohio in 1868 
and in 187.') it had re.iched tlie ei lire of the Atlantic — had aceomplislied its 
irreiit tour from one hundreil miles west of Omah.i. Half the continent liad 
been traveled over in til'teen yi>:irs. No eflforts sufficed to close up the patli- 
w:i\' of thi- liie.-it enemy lo the potato crop. 

XIV — EL EC!" I ON OF NEW OFFICFRS— 1860. 

1. < 'onveniioiis, pbitfoinis and (:indid;ites. fn] TIk; National Democracy, 
Charleston, S. ('., April 22. Platfoi m — Reaffirmed the platforms of ihe past 
Conventions, :iiid deidareij t'oi-a Pacific Rail wny :ind .acquisif.ion of Cuba. The 
Southern Dem"ci-;it> .illirmed rhe Dred .Scott Decision, and decl.ii-ed that nei- 
ther Conirres^ m>r the Territi>ri:d Leo;isl;il ur< < had the ri<>ht to prohibit sl.ivery 
in the Territories: ihc l)onirl;is DiMuocrats i-et'n^inii- to abniKbm Popul.ir Sov- 
erei;r;il.v opeid\ |-e<o|\ed tloit the pir'y w.i'ild nbide by 1 he decisions of tin- 
Siipicme Conn . I'lie ( onveiition .-idopred ilie Doi|e-|,i< platform, upon w lii(di 
the Sootbern deb'e;ites luotestcd :ind wiibdicw from the Convention. No 
canilid.ite» nonnuMted. The Douirl.is hcmicrat.s mer nr Baltimore, June 18. 
and Mominaied Stephen A. DfMijrlas, of Illinois, and Herschel V. Johnston, of 
Georj^ia. Hie ssecedinj; dele<;'.itej. met at Charleston at once, adopted a plat- 



m 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 



form and adjoiinieil ; met at Rieliiiioiid, June 11; adjourned ao^ain and met at 
Bal inioic, .Tun!.- 28. Tliev nominated Jolin (_'. BrecUinridure, of Kentucky, 
and .Josepii Lane, of Orciron. [I)] The American — Know Xothing now Con- 
st ;ut oiKil Uni(Ui puly, met .-it Baltimore, May 1!', ami adopted an evasive jilat- 
lorufl. Ii.-j mniin \v;i-;, -'Tlie (.'onstituiioii of tlie Country, tlie Union of the 
States, im{\ tin- Enioreensent of tli- Laws." It nnminated John Bell, of 'I'en- 
nessee, and Edward Everett, of Jlas^.sat-liusetts. [••] The Ilepnl)lioan Conven- 
tion met at the Wiijw.ini, at Chii^a^'O. Their platform (juoted the Declaration 
of Iiide|u,Mii!('iic- ■ a< to t hi- Iree loai and equ diry of a// men; dencuneed Dmn- 
oeratic threats ot ili-nnioii, and DiMnoiMatic administration in Kansas, and 
all \V';ish;ii^ioii : dcrlaird tliat freedom was hiuniil to be preserved by Congress 
in the 'I'crriiori.s. Ir pi-onounei'd in lavoi- of Protei'tion, Infernal Impi'ove- 
raents, tlie Iloiiii'sieud IJilJ, and a Paeitii; iiiihvay. it nominated Abraham 
Lincoln, lit' I lliiiois, am! I5a;iiiihal Hamlin, of Maine. 

2. i^.^H/' parties were now in the lield, and Slaveiy w.as the iireat ques- 
tion. Tlie Bell platform rheant simply lo eiynde the slavery question alto- 
jiether. Tlie Lincoln plitform avou«'d a pni'|)ose tu keep slavery out of the 
Territories at any cosr. I'lic l>.ei-l<Hi!rid^e platf)rm avowed a purpo.se to 
car/-// "Slavery into ihe T(n-iitoi ics at.inyco-:r. The Douglas jdatl'-irm meant 
to thruiv the deci-~ioii oi the slavciy (pii'^tion on the .Supreme Court, on the 
people of ih(; Tei litoiics, or anywliere, litir u|)on the Democratic party. This 
di-eordant i)osition oi' tl)e parti'-s on slavery only m idc Lincoln's election 
more certain. In November all tlie free States but one chose Re))nblicaii 
electors. 

3. The Canvass, [a] I'M!)!ic feeling, [b] Nature of the Proee.ssions. 
[c] "The >Vide Awake-^." 

[fl] The Republican rallyiiiii- cries. 

[e] Residts, 1 .and 2. 

[f] Thr(>ats of secession. Declaration of the North. Deidaration of the 
.•-iouth. Belief of the North. .Mistake. 

XV — ACriON OF THF SOUITI. 

1. Secession of South Carolina. 

[a] The position ot .South Carolina. Wliy? 
[I)] .\ciion of the Ctmvention. 

[c] Time — December, 18G0. 

[d] Place— Charleston, [e] Effect. 

2. Secession of the other .Southern .States: Mississippi, Jaiuniry 9. T)l : 
Floiida, .)ainiar\- 10, "(Jl ; .Maliama, .ruin.iry 11, '(il ; fieorgia, daiiuary IS, '(51; 
liOiiisiani. .lannaiy 2(i. February 1; \'iri;inia, .\pril 17, "'31; .Arkansas. 
May G, '(il : Teiiiies-ae. May 7, '(51: North Cnadina, May 20,(11. 

.'{. -Vciioii of Soiiihern ('onLTresMneii, I )epart nnnt . Army, anil nav)' 
olHceis. 

-1. Formation of the Southern ( 'onfederat-y : [jij Time, [b] Place, [c] 
Members, [dj .Name of (Jos cn.ment . [e] Nature of the Constitution, [f 
Presidein and N'ice Pi-e-iilei; t. [g] Cabinet — Member- and officers. 

[h] .Vppoin; hienf of eonimittees — AVhai. [i] .\dopfion of !i flag — .a blue 
union w ith a idrcle of seven stars asid three bars — the n|>perand lower red, 
the middle w iiiie. It was intendeil to add .stars fm- the other st.ates whenever 
lliey shoidd seeede. 

.">. lii-adinii Sonthei tiers who aided in bringing about sece,ssioii. 

J. Jellerson Davl.-, of Mis^sissiiipi. 2. John Slidell, of Louisiana. 3, 



MAXTAL OF UXITEI) STA TRS HISTORY. 93 



Jiidah P. BeiiJHiriiii, (»t L(>iii.M.iii;i. 4. W'illiiim I. Yancey. 5. lloborlTcjombs, 
ofGeoi-'iia. 7. The lilict:s, of S.»iitli Carolina. 8. William P. Miles, of Soiiili 
Carolina, i). L. M. Kciili, of 8onili Carcjiina. 10. T. Cliiignian, ot Xorili 
Carolina. 11. 1>. L.YiiUh-, Florida. IJ. Loui.s P. WintMll, Tt'xa>:. 13. Jas. V, 
Mason, of Vir^ini;'.— Anilior Fu;;itivi' Slave Law. li. 11. M. T. Hunter, of 
\'ii-<iinia. 15. Alexander 11. Stephens, of Georgia. 

XVI — EFFORTS AT COXCl LI ATIOX. 

1. Tlu- Message of the President for '61, argued aijainst secession as inueli 
as did darUson's X^'nllifieal ion Proebiination in 1S32. Jaidison closed wiili (he 
warnini; that hlood would How if the laws were resisted. Bnelianan closed 
by sayiiiii' in idleet hi' i;iiew not u hat to do, for lie did not believe tiiat Con- 
irress I'ould i-onslituiionally niaUe wai' upon a state. 

2. The Crittenden Coniprouiise — [a] Slavery sliould be [trolubited nortli 
of 3(>°and .■{()'. [li] Slavery recognized, but never interfered with by Con- 
gress south of that line, [c] The Federal (.jovernnient slioidd pay for slaves 
I'escued from otlieers after arrest. These measures were to become an unal- 
terable part of the constitution. 

;{. The Peace Cong;ress. IStil, met February 4, ISOl, at Washington, at 
the request of Virg^inia. It was composed of deii'<rates trom thirteen Free and 
seyen Bonier States. Ic adopted and leported to Congress a number of reso- 
lutions making various concessions to southern demands. Congres.s threw 
all these aside, and i)asser| as a substitute an Ameinlment to the Constitution 
proposed by Senator Douglas, which forbade Cong;ress ever to interfere wit'i 
slavery in the States.. This amendment was never adopted b}' the necessary 
number of States. 

XVll— THE MORRILL TARIFF OF 18G1. 

Passed by both Houses, and l)ecaine a liw. Its gre it object was the ;)/•«- 
ti'ction of m:inufactures, revenue being only :i secondary (ionsideralion. This 
Bill forms the foundation for the tarilfof the present. 

ABRAHAM T>IXCOLX'S AD.MIXISTI?. ATIOX^— ISG1-6j. 

I. 'I'he .\ew President. 

1. [c] Education, [b] Early life, [a] Parentage. 

2. Otliciai History, .'i. Religion and wealth. 

3. Op|)osition to slavery. Opinion as to the constitution. 

4. I)e(daratioris in tlie Inaugural Addres.s. [a] As to tiie Union, [b] As 
to slavery, [c] .\s to United States property. 

5. S.aying to llie seceding States. 

[See Anderson's United States Reader], page ] 

II— IX'DICATIOXS OF \\ XU. 

1. P.(dief of the South. 

2. Belief of the Xortli. 

3. Saying, .-ind belief as to cotton. 

Ill— GROWTH OF SECTIOX ALISM BETWEEX^ THE XORTHEKX AND 
SOUTH ERX STATES. 
A. Origin of this sectional difference. — Cause=. 

1. DilTeience in the (dimate of tlie two sections. 

2. Dilference in the char.-cter of the colonists, and in their purposes in 
colonization. 

3. Diflerence in the habits, occupations, and modes of thouglit of the 
people ;is a result of their character, as colonists, as uiodified b}' the intiiience 
of the cliuuile. 



M MANUAL OF UXITEL) STATES HISTORY. 

5. DiJleience in tlie systems of l.ibur, und in the staple products of the 
luo sections. 

5. l)isa;j:i-cement as to tiie ilividiii}!; line between States and Xatlonal an- 
Lliorit}'. 

13. Ciicui'-istances in tlie Politicai. IIistoky of the CotJMUY, Modify- 
ing THE GiJOWTH OF Skctional Fkelixg. 

I— THE COXrEST OF THE "STATES RlOiri'S " and '-XATIONTAL 
SCPPvEilACY " DOCTRIN ES. 

1. The adoption of the Artiides of ''onfe(h'i-ation . 1777 

2. Tiie adnjjtion of tie Federal Constitntioi> 178S 

3. The Virtiinia ami Kcidiickv Resolutions of 1788-'99 

4. The ILirlford Pcuc Convention 1814- 

5. '{'he ai;tion of the .Ma<s;iehasetf< ami C<inneclicnt Tie>jislatnces .181-4 
G. The ac;i in of Geory^ia a-; tf» the Creek Eands 1827 

7. Tlie iinllitication of South C.andina 1882 

8. Threats of Secession ;if the Compronti-es of 1820 and 1850. 

0. Secession of tiie Sonihern Srati's 1860-'l 

11— rilE COXTEST OF FiJEE TRADE. OR REVEXFE TARIFF AND 

THE ''PROJECTIVE SYSTEM." 

1. Tiie Tariir of 181(j. G. '["lie Tariff of Croinproniise, 1833. 

2. The T.irilf of 1820. 7. 'I'he 'I'arift" of 1842. 
.3. Tiie Tariff of 1828. 8. The Tariff of 18.57. 

4. riie Tariff of 1832. 10- The Tariff of ISGI— Morrill Tariff. 
Ill— SLAVERY EXTENSION AND SLAVERY RESTRICTION. 

1. Ordinance' of N^orth Western 'Territory 1787 

2. Piovision of the Conslitntion 1788 

3. Invention of the cotton Qin 1792 

4. The Foreiirn Slave 'Trade 1808. 1811, 1822 and 18G0 

5. 'The Pnrcha<e of Loni-ian:i 1803 

G. The Mi.ssonri Com|)i'oniise 1820 

7. 'The Purchase of Fhtrida 1819-21 

8. 'The Annexation of 'Texas — Mexican war 1845 

9. 'I'he Wilmot Proviso 184G 

10. 'The Omnihu-J P,ill 1850 

11. 'The Filihusterinji' Expeditions airainst Cnha, and Central 

America 1 853-GO 

12. 'The 'l'rii)artite 'Tre.ity 1852-3 

13. 'The Kansas and Nebraska Bill IS54 

14. 'The Osrend Circular 1854 

15. 'The Rorder Warfare 1854-60 

16. 'The Dred Scott Decision 185G-7 

17. 'The Pergonal Liberty Bills 18— 

18. John Brown's Raid 1859 

19. Emancipation Pro(damation. January 1, 1863 

20. 'The 'Thirleenth Amendment 1865 

21. 'The Fom-feeuih Amendment 1868 

Note— 'The last Ihree, residtsof the Wai\ 

IV— LITTLE JXTERCOURSE 
Between thi'two sections led to jealousy and suspicion, till they looked 
\ipon each other .almost as separate nationalities. The jrreat railro.ads and 
thorouirhfares ran East and West. Enngration flowed naturally from the East 
to the West. 



Manual of uxited states iiisroPtY. 



V— THE PUBLICA'I'lON OK SECTION A f. BOOKS. 

For the twciity ycnr.* i)icc'C'(liii<>: the War iinmy Xorihcni .•md Southern 
hooks had been pnhliahed, wliose iiopiilaiity depended entiiely on tlie bad 
ti'(din»j existing hi-tweeii tlie two seelions. Sueli booi<s were <;eneraliy tilled 
wirii lidienle, and faUehood. (Twoortliejfreatestseetion.il booUs pnblislied 
were '"Uncle Tom's ("ahln," in 1850, and Ilelpei's "Iinpendiiio- Crisis," in 
1S(U).) The nianneis, eustoms. lanirnatje, and helicCs of one seel ion were orten 
litdd up to ilie eniitenipt and .-i-oni of ilie oilier; thus |)rcjii(liciii<r and poison- 
inji the minds of all elasscs, pariiciilaily of the yonth. The North believed 
the Smith inlnimiiii, ignorant and haihaions ; while the South believed the 
Xorth seltisli, iiican, ^tiiiiry and cold blooded. 

VI— THE EVIL INFLUENCE OF DEMAGOGUES. 

[See llidpath's Acadt-niie History, pa:^,. 419.] 



RESULT—THE CIVIL WAR. 1861-5. 



IV — Suiniiiary as to the >:rowth of the country. The ei^jhth census report 
of 18G(I, "showed a po|)nlation of thirty-one and one lisilf millions of people, of 
whom four millions were slave>:. This j^reat, population was assisted in its 
toils by six millions of horses, and two millions of w (iikin<i; oxen. It owned 
eiiibt million of cows, lit'tccn millions of other cattle, tweuty-lwo million of 
sheep, :iiid t birty-thi-ee million of hoi>;s. The products of I he soil were enor- 
mous. The cotton crop of that vear was (dose; upon one million tons. The 
<;rain crop was twelve million busiiels — tijiiires so large as to pass beyond our 
comprehension. Tobacco bad more than doubled since. 1850, until now 
America actually yielded a snpoly of iiv(> hui'dred inilliou pounds. Tne tex- 
tile manufactures reached the aniin.al valueof two hundred million of dollars. 
There were live thou-aiid miles of canals and thirty llioiis.ind of r.iilroads, 
Provisions had been made for the education of the children by erecting one 
hundred and tliirteen ihonsand schools .and colleges, and employing one hun- 
dred and tifty thousand teachers. Tlie educational insiitutions enjoyed reve- 
nues amounting to nearly thirty-tive million of dollars; and the daily history 
of the world was supplied by four tbous.md newspaper-; which, circulated an- 
nually one "iionsand millions of copies." 

[see above.] 

VI— THE CIVIL WAR— 1SG1-1SG5. 

EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXI"Y-0XE. 

I. The firing on Fort Sumter — (a) Cause, (b) Conimaniler. (c) 
Time, (il) Events. 5. Effects, (c) On the north, (b) On the Soutli. 

II. The calls for troops — 1. Of Lincoln — (a) Numl)er. (b) Time, (c) 
Effect. -2. Of Davis. 

(a) Number, (b) Time, (c) Effect. IJ. Action of Virginia, North Caro- 
lina, Arkansas, and Tennessee. 4. Action of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky. 
Missouri. Why. Effect. 

Ill — The Oampaign in West Virginia — 



06 MAXCAI. OF UXITED STA'I'ES IIISTOIJY. 

1. rinii;. 2. Lf ilcis. o. Fon-c-. -1. E lif.iajHiiieiit.-;. 5. Elf.a'ts. (;i) 
Uii the Xortii. (b) (Jii .MfCl^lliH). (c) On West Vir^-iiiia. 

IV. Th.- B.it[|(' (tf Bull IJmi— I. TiiiK'. 2. FiacL'. o. Purpose. 4. For- 
ces. 5. Le;ulers. G. Eveni.-. 7. ErtVets. (;i) On the Xortli. (b) On the 
S lU li. ( •) O.i {JiH)!i II- iiy. {A) r.i • cill-; lui- ii-DOps. 

V — Operations in the West — 

1. Wiiere. 2. W'lien. ',i. Leaders. 4. EnoMjienients. 5. Results. 

VI — The Soutiiern Bh)ekaile — 1. Eftecr. 2. Ineltieieuey . Wiiy. -i. TIio 
Nortliei-u Navy. 4. Ruuninir the Blockade. Wh.tt. How. Why. 

VII — The Coast Operations — 1. Kx|)eilifions. 2 Leadei-s. 3. Results. 
4. The .Soutiicin Privateers; what: name.-; work oT Sumter. 

VIII — Foreii>ii Relations — 1. Action of France and En;;-iaiul. [a] What 
[bj Why. [cj Effeci on the war-tootinj"' of the parties ; on tiie South and on 
the Noi-th. 

IX — The Trent Allair — 1. Wiiat. 2. Cause. 3. Circumstances. 4. Effect 
oil Eiiji'land. 5. Priiici|)le at stake. (J. Mode of sett iement ; effect on En oj- 
land. 

X — The Finances — 1. Su-peusiou of s|>ecie [)ayineat ; why. 2. The i-isue 
of paper currency; why; names; effect. 

XT— 'I'lie First Ye;,ir's woi k of the War— 

1. As to confederate victories. 

2. As to Union victories. 

3. As to thestates of. Missouri, Maryland, and We>t Viro^inia. 

4. General effects on the North and South. 

EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXl'Y-TWO. 

1 — TIk! Armies — 1. Leaders. 2. Where. 3. Si/e. 4. Pur[)oses of the 
North — [a] 'l"o open ti|) the Mis>issippi. [b] The caprure of Richmond. [c] 
'I'iie Block uh- of the Southern Ports. 

II — The Prninsniar CaLnpaiy,'n — 1. Wiiy so called. 2. Where. 3. Leail- 
I'rs. 4. Objeciive i)oint. 5. Plan. G. En^i'agements. [a] Sieije of Yorktovvn. 
[I)] Battle of Williamshuij;;. [cj Jackson in the Slvnandoali Valley ; purpose; 
eff-ct. [d] Battle of Fair Oaks. [c] The Seven Day's Battles. 7. When ; 
^vlier,-; evi-nrs and er^jr,-; of e u; i burl-. S. ET.^t of the whole. 

Ill — Further movements — 1. Ti'i(> second l)attlo of Bull Run. [a] When. 

[b] Cause, [c] Effect. 

2. Invasion of ]\[riryland. [a] I.,<'ader. [b] Purijose. [c] Engajjements 
— \N'heu; where; effects. 

3. Battlr of Fredericksl)ur2;— [a] Wh.Mi. [b] Where, [c] Le.ader. [d] 
Events, [e] Losses, [f] Eff.-ct. 

IV — War in the West — 1. Leader. 2. Purpose. 3. Capture of Forts Hen- 
ry and Don(d-on. 1. 15 ittles of Shiloh. 5. Braoriy's expedition. 6. Battles 
lukaaiid C )rinth. 7. B tttle of JLirfreeslxii-o. 8. First Vicksburj^ expedi- 
tion. !). War in Missoini. 10. General facts .about en>ja<i'ements. 

V — W;ir on the Sea Coast — 

1. (Capture of N(nv Orleans — [aj When, [b] By whom. Ic] Purpose, [d] 
Events, [e] Etfects. 

2. Burnside's oxpediiion ;i;;ainst Roanoke Island — [a] Why. fb] Events. 

[c] Effects. 

3. Expeditions in I'"lorida and Geoijria — [a] When, [b] Where, [c] Lea- 
ders. [i\] Work. 

VI — Xaval Operation; — 1. Work of the Merrimac; what; when; where; 
ullect. 



MAXUAL OF UNTTED STATES niSTOKY. 97, 

2. Iiivcntion of the Monitor; when: wliere; by whom; nature; l:iter 
work of tlie inventor. 

.'J. 'I'he Monitor :in<l Meniin.ie sea-t)<ilit ; when; wlieie; methods of war- 
tare; <'\'ent>!; re^nlts. 

4. The niannf.tctnrc of iron chid-;; hywhom; nnmV)er; purpose. 

VII — The Sionx War; where; when; can.ses: leaders; work; effects. 

Vni— Resnlts of the Second Year of the War— 

1. < 'oMft'(N>rate victories. 

2. Union victories. 

3. General results. 

EIGHTEEN IIUXDKED AND SIXTY-THREE. 
1. — riiH Armies. 1. Leaders. 2. Where. 3. Size. 4. Purpo.ses of the 
North, (a), (b), (c) same as in 181)2. (d) Counuest of Tennessee. 
II. — Tiie Em.ancipatiou Proclamation — 

1. Aetir>n of Gen. .Fohn ('. Fremont, in Missouri. When; effect. 

2. Action of Gen. M. V. Hutler; when; wliere; what. 

3. Action of the Feder.al Army; what; why. 

4. TJncoln's one hunilred day |)ro(dam;ition ; wh?n; declarations ; result. 

5. Tlie Emancipation Proclamation; what; author; time; purpose; de- 
clarations; effects. 

6. 'I'he enlistiui": of colored troops; why; effei't. 

ni._B:itile of Chfuicf-llorsville— 1. Leaders. 2. Forces. 3. Where. 4. 
When. 5 E\euts. 6 R-'sult. 

IV— Battle of Gettysbur>i—L Le:iilers. 2. Forces. 3. Where. 4. Events. 
5. Whv. 0. Important evi-nts. 7. Effects. 

V— War in the West— 1. Pnrpos.". 2. LeadiM-. 3. Forces. 4. Battle of 
Fort Gibson. 5. Rattle of (;ham|)iou Hills. 6. Battle of Bi^ Black River. 7. 
Capture of Vicksburg; when; leaders; forces; importaiu^e; elVects. 

VI — War in Tennesseeand Oor^iia — 1. Battle of Chickamausrua. 2. Bat- 
tle of Chattano.ffa. 3. B.attlt' of Lo(d<out Mountain. 4. Of ;Missiou Ridge. 
5. When; where; forces; leaders; events and effects of each .and all. 

VII— The Calls for Troops in the North— 1. After the Peninsular C:im- 
piiirn ; number. 

2. After Lee's first Northern Invasion; number. 

3. Durinj; Lee's second Norlbern Invasion; number. 

4. Response to these calls. 

."). Rnaction in the North, (a) Causes, (b) Enlistment, (c) Desertion. 
(d) The effect. 

0. The Conscription Act. (a) What, (b) Purpose, (c) The New York 
Draft Riot; whv; events: effect, (dj Effects of this act. 

VIII — Tiie Results of the Third Ye.ar of the War — 
L ( 'onfcder.afe victoi'ies. 2. Ciuon victories. 3. General effects. 
EKillTEEN IICNDRED AND SIXTY-FOUR. PLAN FOR THE YEAR. 

1. Paifs. 2. Leadci-s. 3. Work. 4. Forces. 

II. War in Vii-«rinia under- (Jrant.— L Plan. 2. Forces. 3. Battle of 
the U'ilderness. 4. Battle of Spoitsylvaiiia. ">. Battle of Cold Harbor. 6. 
Att!ii-k on I'etcrsbnrir. 7. Th" Sieo^e of Richmond. 8. Early's raid. 9. Sher- 
idan's campaitrn. It). When. Where. Importance. Events. Forces. Lead- 
ers, ;i'.d effects of each, and all. 

III. War in Tennessee .ind Georjria.— L Adv.ance upon and capture of 
Atlanta. 2. Hood's invasion of Tennessee. When. Purpose. Effect. 3. 



m 



MANTAL OF UXd'El) .STATES HISTORY 



Slieniiaii's iikhcIi ti) tla- Sc;i. W'Ihmi. Purpose. Iloutt'. Fditi's. Events, 
liesiilt. 

IV. W.ir al.oiir the Gulf.— 1. !'!i.' Rp.l River Exi)i'<litii>u. Wlieu. Pur- 
pose. Eii'iiueiiients. Result. 2. Expeilltiou nijiiiust 3Iobile. When. Le;ul- 
crs Events. Elfeets. 'S. Expedition ajj.iinst Ft. Fisher. When. Lenders. 
Events. Foiees, .•ind Effects. 

V. The Southern Bloek.ule. — 1. X.ituie. 2. Effect on the South. 3. 
l>Ioek;ide runners. What. Work. 

VI. Couled.i i!e Priv.ite(r>.— 1. Aatuie. 2. \Viien built— why? 3. 
Leadlnoj vessels. 4. The Ai.il) iin.i. Wliit. C.iplaiii. Crew. Anot;her n:ime. 
Why. Work. Eff>'et. [See Al ibnn i riuiin-.] 

VII — FIXANCE-; OF TME CiJUNrRY. 

1. Tlu' Southern Currencry. — Wh.it. V.ilue. Why. 

2. The X(Utheru Curreuey. — What. Value. Why. 

;i. Conimereial siaiidi.'ii^; ot the (Jontendinij Sections in Europe. — Effect 
on e.aeii. 

VIII— I'll E FOURTH YEAR OF THE WAR. 

1. (^onfederart' Victories — 2. Union victoiies. 3. Territory conquereil. 
4. The SiMitheni lii )civ ide. 

IX— illE POLIIK AL (;.\MPAI(iN OF ISIU. 
1 (JofiV(;nlioii>, Camlidates and Platforms. — (.a) Radical men who consid- 
ered Lincoln limid and irre-oliite, and wlio wisned to deal uith Rebellion and 
Rebels more harshly, m-f at Cleveland, Oliio, May 31, and nominated John C. 
Fremont, of California, and .lohi. ( '. (ncliran, of New York. (They after- 
ward wiihdrew in tavor ol the Republican candidates). 

[b.] The Republicans met ;ii IJaltimore, .J une 7, and adopteil a platfornt 
declaring' war upon slavery, ami dem indiui; that no leiin-, but unconditional 
surrender be ii;iven the ic'iellious States. It nomin.ated Abraham Ijiniadn. 
of Illinois, .and .\ndrew .Jolm-ton, of Tenues>ee. 

[c] I'he I) '.nooMt- iniu .-ir (Juic iiZ'), Aui^u-it 5. It came under the con- 
trol of the Pi-ace l>euiocr;icy (copper heads) and declared that it wa< thesen.se 
of tiie American peoj>le that, after four years of failure to restore the Union 
by war, duiini; which tlii' Constitution had been violated in nil its parts, un- 
der the pica ot military necessity. ;i cessation of hostilities oiio'hr to he obtain- 
ed. If uomiu.ited Oe(U-^e IJ. McChdlan, of New Jer.-ey. and George II. Pen- 
dleton, of Ohio. 

2. Na.ure of the campaijrn. 

''. Re<ulls. (a) Kentu(d<y. I>e!aw.are. and Virijinia choose Demoeratie 
eloet(u-s. (h) All the other states choose Republican electors, (c) The South 
EIGHTEEN HUXDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE. 

I. Plan torrhe Yi'ar — 1. (irant to besie^je Lee in Kichmond. 2. Sher- 
man to move north from Savannah, defeat -Joe Johnson, and aid Grant against 
I..ee. 3. Slieriilau to cut the lailro.ads arouu'l Richmond and to aid in the 
.sie<re. 4. Reserve force-, (a) Wilson in Georgia, with 10.000; and .Stoneman 
in X>)rth Cirolina with .') OOO 

II— THE .MAR(J1I OF SlIERMAX TIIROUGII THE CAROLIXAS. 

1. Route. 2. ("iptnre of ( 'ol uuibi.a. 3. Evacuation of Charleston. 4. 
Battles ot Averysboro .and Heulouville. Results. 

Ill — Siege of Richmoud — 1. Li-aders. 2. Forces. 3. Attack on Fort 
Steadmau. 4. Hatlleot Fiv(; Forks. 5. Captme of Peterburg. 6. Kvacua- 
tU)ii of Richmond ; why ; time; circumstanees ; Results. (See Pollard's Lost 
Cause.) 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. TO 

IV^. Capture of Gi'iii'i-.tl Lee. 1. Wlicii. 2. Where. 3. By whom. 4. 
Win. 5. CircMiiiistiiiice-: of the suneiuler. G. Etfeu-t. 7. Later course of 
Geiier.il Lee. Efl'ect. 

V. Fliglic of Jefferson I),ivis.—1. Direction. 2. Party. 3. Piiri)Ose. 4. 
CapMire. When. UMiere. Circmnstaiices. By wliom. 5. Subsequent Ilis- 
fniv of I):ivi-. 

VII.— ASSASSIXATIOX OF PRESIDENT LIXCOLX. 

1. Tlie Ass.-issin.ttion. — (n) ■['line. (1)) Place, (c) Circumstances, (d) 
Assassin, (e) Purpose, (f) Result. 

2. Pursuli auil Death of the Assassin.— (a) Wiiere. (b) By wiiom. 
(c) Circumstances, (d) Death. WIkmi. Where. How. Events. EtI'ect. 

3. Trial and Execution of Couspirators. — (a) TriaL Wiien. Where. By 
whoin. Result, (h) Xumber of criminals. Who. Sentences, (c) Execu- 
tion. Xuml)ei-. Where. When. By whom. Effect. 

4. Funeral Obsequies of Lincoln.- (a) At Wasliinjitou. (,b) Funeral 
procession. Wiiere. How. Events, (c) At Spriugtield, III. 

5. Effect of Lincoln's Death.— (a) On the Xorth. (b) On the South. 
(c) O 1 the whole Xation. 

Vm— THE NEW PRESIDENT— AXDREW JOIIXSOX. 
1. Early life. 2. Education. 3. Official history. 4. Religion. 5. 
Wealth. G. Whv placed on the ticket? 7. His polii-y a.s President — What. 
Why. Effects. 

S. Heal Estimate of .Fohnson's Work. 

IX— LOSSES OF THE WAR IX LIFE. 
L Xumber of Union soldiers called for? 2. Xumber obtained. 3. Terms 
ofsFivice. 4. Lo-s on L'nioii side. 5. X'^nmber disabled for life. G. Num- 
ber killed and disabled on l)olh sides. 

X— THE XAITOX^AL DEBT. 

1. U hole amount at end of war, and per capit.a 

2. Pleilojf of Conire>s .is to Xational d(!bt, 

3. Expenses of war duriu^r lS(i4, per day tlurintf 1SG4. 

4. X'ational dein when lireatesr amount. 

5. ValUf- of United Stares cuirency. July, 1884. Why. 
G. The Southern currency .at «dose of war. \Vby. 

7. The Confederate debt — Why nor, paid? 
XI— .MEAXS TO SECURE THE FIXAXCLVL CREDIT OF THE UNITED 
SI'ATES DUIUXG THE WAR. 

1. Issn-- of Treasuiy Xores in L'^Gl by Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the 
Treasury. — Tliese notes were lo be receivable as money to bear 7 3-10 intere!?t. 

I'hey were issued because all the b.auks had suspended specie payment and 
atlorded.at leasr, temporary relief. 

2. An Intern.al Revenue Prfivided by Coujriess. This was to be made 
up fiom two urenend .sources : (a) A tax on manufactures, incomes, and sal- 
aries, 18G3. 

(b) .\ stamp duty on all lejral documents. 

(c) Conipaie with that levied by Engl'.Mul in 1765. 

(d) Income used for what purposes. 1, 2, and 3. 

3. Increase of the protective and revenue tariff. 

(a) Tlie Tariff .Vet of Anyiust .5. 18G1.) Both u ^rreat increase on the Mor- 
' (h) " " '• Dec. 24. 18G1. \ rill Tariff of 1861. 

4. Issuance of Legal Tender Notes, by the Secretary of the Treasury, to 



100 MANUAL OF UXrTED STA'I'ES HISTORY. 

tilt' iuuoiiiii of $150,003,00!) to bo ii«eil as luoney. and to bear no interest nor 
tax; called j>;iH'('nb;R'k<. • 

5. S lie of United States Bonds— 1. tlow issned ? 2. How payable. 3. 
When i)ayal)le. 4. Leadinu kinds — Five-twenties, and ten forties. When 
jiayable. Interest. r>. Other leadinjj ilenominations. 

G. Leiraliziny; of National B:inks — (a) Parties, (h) Plan, (c) Basis of 
eirenlation. fd) The eiirreney, and its <;Miarantee. 

XII— SUFFERINGS FROM ITIE WAR. 
1. Extent. 2. Effect on F^nirland. 3. Ett'ect on the families North and 
South. 4. Work of the women of the sections. 

XIII— .MILIIARY FEATURES OF IHE WAR. 

1. UnsH of breech-Ioa \\\\<x rities. Explosive machines and ironclads. 

2. Improvements in Ordnance and Projectiles. 

3. Mean.* of tr.iiisportinir troojis — Illustrations 

4. Use of balloons arul lele<ifra|)hic lines. 

XIV.— POLITICAL RESULTS OF THE WAR. 

1. The nature of the Federal success. 

2. Most imi)ortant result. 

3. Established wlnt principle. Effect. 

XX.— THE SANIIARY FAIRS. 
1. Where or<;anized. 2. Value of supplies, etc. 3. Preparation of food 
and (dothiii-i'. 4. Work of ilu- Sanitary Conimission. (a) On steamers 
and railroads, (b) On the battle-tield. (c) Other work — L 2 and 3. 5. 
Char.actf'ristics of diu- war in history, [a] an<l [b]. 

XVI — rilE CHRISTIAN CO M.MISSION. 
1. Co-oijcrated with wli.ai '? 2. Amoiint raisetl ? 3. Piiipose. 4. Work' 
of the (Commission, a, b and c. 

XVIL- TERRIIORIAL LEGISLATION. 

1. States Admitted. — [a] West Virninia. Why oro'anized ? When. Pur- 
pose. Name, [b] Nevada. How ac(inired V Population before 1850. Pea- 
sou for lapid "ii'ovvib. «(lry;ani/ation as a Territory and admission as a State. 
When, 

2. Territories Oro'anized. — [a] Dakota, March, 1861. [b[ Arizona, Feb- 
ruary, 18(j;}. [(•] Idaho, March, 18G3. Montana, May 2G, 18G3. 

XVIII— SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS. 

1. Claims of the colonies, and cession to the Govertiment ; when; what; 
why ; respilt. 

2. Melhoil of Sab — Beton- lSlt4: result; alter 1804. 

3. Survey of Public Lands — How; cost. 

4. Sale of Land — (a) Before 1820; where; how; price, (b; After 1820; 
ho\^ ; i>i ice. 5. .S ile of lands in 1S3G. 

(!. Causes of the Land Fever — 7. The p.ioic of 1837, ami thw Later sale of 
lands. 8. Sale of lands since the war. 0. Classes of land — Minimnin 
price, $1.25 per acrre. and doiihle minimum price $2.50 per acre. 

XIX. Homestead Laws— I When first? 2. Object; how. 3. Previous 
position of the Governmeiil. 4. Woik of Horace Greeley, (a) When, (b) 
Orjr.ui. (c) Motto, (d) Work; effect. 

5. Changes in Home-Stead Law — Present., law. 

G. Methods of Enterinj; liand — (a) Under hind warrants. [Given niostly 
for military services by Con»iress.] Time served in the army or navy bein<; 
deducted from the time necessary to secure the chiim. (b) By homestead, re- 



MANUAL OF UNTTED STATES HTSTORY. 101 

strieted to liHadsof fainilie.-^, or niiizens over twonty-one years of age. Allows 
any citizen to have a patent to IGO acri'8 of $1.25 land, or eif>'lit3^ acres 
$i.r)0 l.iiiil. They inust live upon (lie same, ami eultiv;it(! it for live 3'ears. 
Cost, $7 to $i>2. 

((•) ['nilei- Pre-iMuption — Allows any citizen to i)nrc!iase at $1.25 or $2.50 
per acre, an\' IGO tract ot nnoccnpied novernnient land. 

(d) liy Timber Cnlliire Act — (1S7;'-S) Allows any I'itizen lUO acres lan<l 
who will have in sjood comlirion at tiic eml of three years ten acres of young- 
trees . 

JOIIXSON'S ADM INISTRATIOX— 1865-9. 

I. Thf. Disn.vxnixfi (jk tiik Army — 1. Siz;^. 2. Prophesies of Foreign Na- 
tions. .'{. (Grant's fai-ewidl nddri'ss lo the army; when; wliei-e. 4. The quiet 
letnrn of the aiiny ti» their homes, a trinm|)ii of whatV and a pi-oof of what? 
II— RECONSTRUCTION. 

1. Definition — The re-organization of the seceded states as parts of th® 
U nion. 

2. l^hiesiidu — The mannei- of bringing the seceded states back into the 
Ininn. 

.■{. Reconstruction Acts of the President — (a) All southern ]iorts open to 
commerce except four in Texas, (b) Issue of Amnesty Proclamation Maj' 29, 
I8C.0. By whom; purpose; declarations; condition; exceptions, (c) Restora- 
tion of th(> Writ of llabfis Corpus to tlie Northern Statt's. (d) Appointment 
of I'rovision il Governors for the Si>uthern States. Purpose; instructions; ef" 
feet on the South and Ninth. 

Ill — The Thiileenth .\mendment — 1. 'i'ime. February 1, 1SG5. 2. Pi'O- 
vision.s — [See amendment.] 3. Requirements of tiie Rebel States, (a) As to 
secession, (b) As to the Confederate dehr. (c) As to slavery. 4. Ratifica- 
tion, l)y twenty-seven States, Decembei- 18. 1865. 5. Relation to Emancipa- 
tion Proclamation. 

IV_I)ISAGREEMEXT OF THE PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS. 

1. Cause — DiflVrent plans for reconstruction. 

4. Ii](>as of the President — (a) As to the ordinances of secession, (b) As 
til the seceded States, (c) As to Representatives of Southern States. 

3. Ideas of Congress — ^a) .\s to secession, (h) As to the seceded .States. 
(c) Views euihndied in the XlVth .Aimendnients — Provisions — as to the civil 
ri'ilits of tlie neirroes. as to repres(Mitation from the South, as to the government 
debt and as to Confe<lerate debt. 

V— THE QUARREL OF TIIE PRESIDENI' AND CONGRESS. 

1. 'I'ime, February, 1866 to February, 1868. 

2. Passage of P)ills; |)!irpose of each ; veto; ground. (See .Johnson's 
American Politi<'s.) 

(a) First Freedman's Bureau Bill, February 1866 

(b) Civil Riii-ht's Bill, ^Vlandi 1866 

(c) ,\doption of the XI Vth Amendment. .luue 1866 

(d) Second Freedmen's Bureau Bill, Jul v 1866 

(e) Bill extending Franchise to neirroes in tlie District of Columbia. 

December 1866 

(f) Rider to rhe Army .VpprojM-iation Bill, .January 1867 

(sr) Bill takiiiiraway thefAmnestv nower of the President, . Tanuary . . .1867 

^h) The Bill for th^ admission of Nebraska as a State, Februarv 1867 

(i) Bill to provide? etHcient government for the Insurrectionary States 

March . 1867 



102 



MANUAL OF rXLTED STATES HISTORY. 



(j) Tenure of OlHce Bill, Miircli 1867 

3, At;ii()n of Jli-'public.iDs ill C'(.<!i<>-re>s — (m) The X.-itimuil Coinriiirts'e ex- 
pel the chainn.iii, .-iihI t\v(. nieiiibrrs, wlio sii^e with the President, (b) Itssue 
of :in Adiin's.s to ;iie P;irty detinini;- tiie issues hetwefui Couj^ress and the 
President. 

4. Tlie Extra Sessi m of Ci>ui;-res< — Pui'pos(^; to i-heck the President's 
Southern Poliey. 

(a) First Session— March 4. to Mareli 30, 186'J. 

(b) Second Session— July 3, to July 20, 18G7. 

(c) Tiiini '' N'ovf'inbei- 1, to t).-ceinber 2, 1S67. 

». Tlio iinpeaelinient of tl)e f-'resi huit. (a) Tinu-. Marcii 30 to Jlay 26. (b> 
Coui-t — the Uniiel Siires Senate, (e) Cliairniin. Sdnnon P. Ciia^e, Chief Jus- 
tice (d) Immediate (■.•iti'^e; removal of Edwin M. .Stanton, Secret.iry of War, 
in violation of Ti-nure t)f Oftie<' Bill, (e) (Miar^es. (f) Manao^ei-s from the 
House, Butler, Siev(-ns, Biniihani, Boutvveii, ^Vilson, Williams, and Lo*j;ati. 
(g) Ivesuit, thirty-live voies for conviction, and nineteen for acquittal. 

VI— Til E INVASION OF .M EXICO— 1SG3-7. 

1. Theactir.u of Napoleon (II. of France, and of Austria — Purpose; why. 

2. The clio~in;x of .-mi Emjieror — By whom: who; when; how sustained ? 

3. Coronariou of the Em{)eror — When: where; cii'cumstances. 

4. Protest of the President— [a] Why ? [li] Why not enforced ? 

5. Action of Juarez — Who: what; effect. 

0. Overthrow of i\Iaxan)ilian — Ca|>rure; ti-i.nl : conviction; execution, 
Sune 19. 1867. 

7. Effect on !iis wife; on Eurojjc. 

VTl— THE ATLANTIC CABLE— 1866. 

1. Review the lir'^l layinir of cable. 

2. Failure of the cable — Effect on leaders of rhe enterprise. 3. Work of 
Mr. Field. 

4. The work of the Great Eastern — Wiiat: u'ben. 

5. Delicacy and perfection of api>ar;itns. 

6. Oi-owth of cableg — Xnmber ; where. 

7. Layinaj of la<t cable — Wiien; Where ; by whom ; cost. 

VllI— TERPvirORIAL LEUISLAIMOX. 

1. "Nebr;i«k;i — [;i] Ororanized as a territory; when;how. [b] Admitted as 
a .State ALireh 1. 186'.). 2. ^Vyomin>>; m:ide ;i territory July 2."), 1867. 
IX— GREAT TRIP LTP THE TUKOX- 1SG6. 

A party of Americans after a trip of nine montlis in the interior, arrived 
at the mouth of the Yukon. They h.nd des'>ended the rivei- 1.300 miles from a 
tradiuiT station whieh ! lu'V had reached by overland tr.avel. This expedition 
juoved th(> Yukon to be one of the iii'eatest streams of the world. Frederick 
Wh\ mper, the •>iti.-t. w.as one of the explorers, and the expedition was in the 
interest of a '{'(dei^n-aphic Conipiny, which pi-o])o-;ed to erect a telescraphie line 
from S.in Fraoci-t'o to Behrinn: Strait; and thence across Asia to Enjjland. 
The information jrained on the trip of the resources of the country had much 
to do wiili its Intel" purchase from Riissi.a. 

X— PURCHASE OF ALASKA— 1867. 
1. Time. .March .30. 2. From whom. 3. Bv whom. 4. Area. 5. Re- 
poiirces — [;i] [b] [c] 6. Opposition; why. 7. Called "Seward's Farm." 8. 
Price. 0. Population. 10. Present condition. 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES niSTOHY. 103 

X[— TKEA'I'IES CONTRACTED. 

1. NViili (]l('nii:niy — ^V||Oll ; purpose. 

2. ^Villl China — [■\] ^Vil('n : [b] visit of the Ciiinese Embassy; when; 
li'.Kk'r; woik : [>] provisiuns of ihe tieiity. 1. 2 ;uul 3; [d] effect; [e] later his- 
tory of Biiriiiiii'ann-. 

XI I— THE FEXIAX BROTITERIIOOD— 1SG6. 
1. Ohjt'i'i. 2. Worlc. 3. Events. 4. Leaders. 5. Action of the Presi- 
dent; what; (Mffct. G. Resnlt of tliis uprising. 
[See Ridpatli & X'ewman.] 

Xll I— READING'S OF CHARLES DICKENS- -1807. 
(rave liis first readi-^g from liis own works in Ame/iea to a Boston" 
andienee. He was eajierly soujjiit for in all the le;idini!; eifies, and read 
steailily from [)(-ceniber 2, to April 20, wIkmi he eh.sed with a reading? in New 
Yoi'k. He received, a ^'I'eat tinani'ial reward from liis tonr. 

XIV^— DEA'IH OF GREAT MEN— 1865-1868. 

1. Of Thomas Corwin, Governor of Oiiio; U. S. Senator, Seen^ary of 
Treasni-y, .Minisfei- to Mexico, December IS 1865 

2. Of Dr. E. Not.t, President of Union Co]leo;e; 60 years. An orator, in- 
ventor aiid ednc.ator, Januai-y 20 1866 

3. Of General \Vinlield Scott, at ^V^est Point, January 29 1836 

4. Of Lewis Cass. Governm- of Michigan Territory, Su])enntendent of In- 
dian affairs. Secretary of War twice. Minister to France, V. S. Senator from 
.AHchiijan. a \>neral in [1812] and [1846-18] June 17 1SG6 

5. Of X. P. Willis, journalist, essayist and poet., January 31 1867 

6. Of A. D. Baehe, scienti*t. Superintendent cost, survey, Feb. 17. . .1867 

7. Of J. A. Andrew [war Governor, Mass.] October 30 1867 

8. Of F, G. Halleek, journalist and poet. Xovemher 17 1867 

i). Of Kit ('arson, frontier leader and scout. May 23 1868 

10. Of Tiiaddens Stevens, Laud Commissioner and Con<vressman from 

Pennsylvania, anti-slavery advocate, Au<i;usf 11 1868 

XV— ELEcriOX OF XEW OFFICERS— 1868. 

1. Conventions, platforms, and c indidafes. (a) Republicans met at Chi" 
eaiio. May 20, 1868, and adopted a platform hoMino- that thft Southern States 
h id abandoned and lost their positions hy socediiijr, ■•lud could only be re-ad- 
mitted on terms satisfactory to Congress. It apjiroved the terms offered, and 
declared that if w:is rlic business of Cono:ress to protect equal suffrage in the 
Souih. It nominated L'lysses S. Grant, of Illinois, and Schuyler Colfax, of 
Indi.ina. 

(b) Democrats met at New York city, .Iiily 4rh, and adojited a platform 
deinandincr that the Southern States should immediately and nneondijionally 
be given the representation in ('ongress and the power of self-government 
guarinteed by r!ie Constitution the question of suffr.ige should be left to the 
States. It nominated Hoi-atio Seymour, ofXew York, and 1^'raucis P. Blair, 
of Missonri. 

2. The canipiiiTU. 

3. Residt — Democritic Electors chosen by Xew York, Xevv Jersev, and 
five Southern States. Ail tlui other states .voting, chose Republican Electors. 

GRAXT'S ADMIXTSTRATIOX. 1869-1876. 
1. 'i'he new President. 

1. Born. When. Wliere. 2. Education. 3. ^lilitary services. 4 Re- 
ligion, u. Wealth. 



104 MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 

[I— rilK CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILROAD. 

1. U'JK'ii iiiiiicitakm ? 2. Grant ot' hiiul. When. To ulioui. AmoiiiU. 
3. Grant (if iuoncy- When. B_v whom. 'Vo \\ lnuii. Annmnt. 4. Work of 
Calit'orni.i, 5. Divisions of ihf roail. (a.) First. (h ) Sccnnd. Termini, 
Icn^Itii and nimcoi'each. 5. Drivin;; of ilielasi spike. — When, where, by 
whom. I'he tie. Tlie s[>ike. 0. Wiiat I'ealizeil by this railroad. How? 
Ill— FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT. 
1. Completion of reeoiistruetion. Whcii. How. 2. Provisions. 3. Ef- 
fects of iliis measni'e, 1 and 2. 4. 'I'lie [)e,irin<r <)■' i'ex;ts. 5. Ratification. 
IV -THE NINTH CENSU.S. (1870). 
1. Cou'.pare popnlarion of 1860 and 1870. 2. 'I'he Government expenses. 
3. Til'' center of popnialion. 4. Tiie Growtli of Territory. 5. Finanees in 
1870. (a). Debt p;iid. (b). Price of o;()l(i. v>. (xi-ovvth of niannfacturing. 
7. Material <i-rou rli. 

v.— THE RATIO OF RLPRESENTA ITON. 

1. Etfect of inere;ise of p(»])nbiti(/ii. Why? 

2. Bill of 187.-'. By whom. Number of Representatives. Ralio of Rep- 
resentatives. 

3. Necessary popularioii uf a i'erritiry. 

VI.— THE ALABAMA CLAIMS. 
1. Why so called? 2. Injury to American connnerce. 3. Course of the 
British Government. 4. Action of the United States.— Effect. 5. Desii'e for 
setth'meu't. (i. 4'hf- Ili^h T'oinmission. [:i] Composiiion. [h] iMei'tinii- — Time 
and place. [;i[ A^-rv-ement of Commissioners. 

The (Jonrt of Arbitration.— [a] Meelin^; — Time and place, [b] The trial. 
[ c] Till- decision, [dj Action of Euirbind. 8. Results, 1 and 2. 
VIL— GREAT FIRES. 

1. CHic.xGO.— [a] When, [b] Origin.— When and how. [c] Spread of the 
tire; time, [d] How stopped, [e] Area burned over : loss of life, and loss of 
property. ij[ ('ompares with other tires. 

2. FoiiKST FiKics.— [.-i] When. [!>] Where— 1,2 and 3. [c] Work— 1 and 2. 
[d] TiOss of life in Wisconsin. 

3. Boston.— [a] When, [b] Leuirth of lim«'. [c] Are.i of bnrneil dis- 
ti-ict. [d] Lives lost, [e] Loss of property. 

4. EFFiiCT oi^- rin-.SE FiHES. — [a] On business, [b] On rate of Insurance. 
VIII— TROUBLES IN LOUISIANA. 
1. ^Vh^'Il. 2. Nature. 3. Oriiiin— Connictin^i- repcu'ts of these opposinor 
election boards. 4. Rival Governors, Leyrislatnre and Governments, o. The 
dispute. To whom refciTi'd. How decideil . 0. The outbreak of September 
14th. 1S74. Leader. Who. Pnrpns(> and woi k. 7. Action of the Pi-esident. 
8. 'I'he ontbreik in December, 1874. Nature. How settled? 

IX— MODOC WAR IN OREGON AND CALIFORNl A— 1S71. 

1. Order of Superintendent Ordeneal. 2. Action of the Indians and the 
Governnnnit. .'!. Indian \\ ;ir in the Liiva Beds. 4. The peace commission. 
WiuMi. i'nrpo-i'. Commissioners. 'Hie niass.-.u-re. Result. 5. The execu- 
tion of the Modoc murdei-ei-s. \V\\(}. Wlien. Where. Circiunsiances. 

X— THE SAN DOMINGO COM MISSION— 1871 . 
1.^ Commissioners.— Senator Ben Wade, of OHio; Prof. White, of New- 
York ; Dr. Samiud Howe, of Mass.icbusetfs, appointed by the President. .h\n- 
uary, '71. 

2. Purpose. — To visit San Domintro and report n-pon the advisability of 
annexation of that country to the United .States. 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 105 

3. Work. — Visited Hit! coiiiitry tlie tii'st tliroe moutiis of 1871 and returned 
witii a report ill favor of liie sciieme. -4. Aciioii of Coiijire>«8, The majority 
violently oppos'^ and defeat tlie Annexation Bill. n. Advantaijes. (a;. The 
Inited States (!onld produce lier own tea, coffee and sugar, (b). Increase our 
bil.ince of trade, (c). liuiieasc of SouMieni coninierce and the gro"*'tli of 
Soiuliern cities. 

XI— THE CREDIT MOBILER INVESTIGATION. 

1. 'I'lie ('redit Mo!)iler — What; why so called? when orjianized ? purpose. 

2. i'tinli.ise of the ciiarter of the Credit Mohiler Company ; vvlieii;by 
whom; piirpo>e; capital; resulls of the company's manaji'einent. 

.■5. Oii.ii'iii of the trouble — Wlicii ; where ; how sus[)icion ; iiivestijjation ; 
by whom ; rcsiihs. 

4. Statesmen injured by the inve-ti:iatioii. 

XII — DEATH OF GREAT MEN— Newman. 

Henry .) . Raymoml — Journalist and Congres-man ; founder of N. Y. 
Times; aided G reelcy with the Tribune, June 18 18G9 

■2. William P. Fesscndeii— U. S. Senator from Maryland, Sept. 8 18G9 

J. Franklin Pierce — Foiirteeiiih President, at Concord. N. II. Oct.8.18G9 

4. Edwin M. Stanton — Lawyer, Attornev-General of U. S., and As- 
sociate Justice of Supreme (Jourt, December 24 18G9 

5. Anson Biirliiigame — Congressman and diploiiiatist, F'eb. 23 1870 

C. Geiu'ial George II. Thomas — The Hero of Chickamagua — March 28.1870 

7. David G. Farragut — Admir 1 of U. S. Navy — August 14 1870 

8. Robert E. Lee — Commander-in-Chief Confederate army, and 
Pre-ideiit of Washington & Lee University, October 12 1870 

9. Albert D. Barnes— Theologian, December 24 1870 

10. George 'J'ickncr, LL. D. — Scholar and classic author — Jan. 26. . . .1871 
10. Phoebe and Alice Carey — Fuly 31, and February 12 1871 

12. James Goidon Bennett — Editor New York Herald, June 1 1872 

13. Dr. Lowell Mason — writer of sacred music — August II 1872 

14. "Fanny F<'rn'*-Wife of James Parton. sister of N.P.Willis, Oct. 10.1872 

15. William H. Sew.ard — Senator .and Secretary of State, Oct. 10 1872 

16. General George G. Meade— Gettysburg. Novemb(u- 6 1872 

17. Horace Greeley — Politician and journalist, founder, and editor of 

X. Y. Tribune, November 29 1872 

17. Fdwin Forrest — An eminent actor, December 12 1872 

19. Salmon P. Cha.se — Great anti-Slavery Ailvocate, U. S. Senator 
from Ohio, Governor of Ohio, Secretary of the Treasury, and Cliief Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court. May 7 1873 

20. Hiram Powers — Greatest American Sculptor, June 27 1873 

21. Li>uis Agassiz — Greatest teacher of Science, December 14 1873 

22. Charles Sumner — Statesman and autiior, March 11 1874 

XIII— REMOVAL OF POLITICAL DISABILITIES. 
1. When. 2. By whom. 3. The disabilities, how imposed? 4. The ex- 
ceptions — 1, 2. 3 and 4. 5* Effect of this measure. 

XIV— ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS. [1872]. 
1. Conventions, Platforms and Candidates— [a] Republican met June 5, 
and adopted a platform calling (or a continuance of coercion and necessary 
measures against individuals and States until the right of suffrage should be 
fully secured to the negro. It nominated U. S. Grant, and Henry Wilson, of 
Mass. 



IOC MAXUAT. OF UXLTED STATES IKL^TORY. 

[b] I.ibciiil Republicans met ar Cincinnati, May 1st. It \va> composed 
of tiiose Jvepnblicans wiio tiioiioht ibat rbe powers of tbe Federal G(»vern- 
nient iiad been already exei'ted beyond tbe Con^tirntional limits, and tbat its 
efforts to police tiie Southern States ouifbt lo cease. They nominated Horace 
Greeley, of New York, and B. Gratz Brown, of Missouri. 

[c] Democratic met at Baltimore, July 9. It indorsed tbe platform and 
candidates of tlie Liberal Repnbli(!ans. and t^lius committed the parr^vtoan 
acceptance of the results of tbe war and the reeonsti-uction of the Southern 
States. 

[d] Straij;ht-Out Demociats met at Louisville, Ky , September 3, anil 
nominated Cliarles O'Conner, of New York, and C. F. Adams, of Mass. 
both of whom declined. ' 

2. The Canvass, Natuie. 

3. Tbe Result. 

XV -THE PANIC OF 1873-1S77. 
1. Causes. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. 2. Events. 3. Effects. Greatest. 
The resumption of specie payment. 

XVI— 'J'HE PARTOXS OF HUSBANDRY. 
1. Time. 2. Elij^ibility. 3. Objects. 4. Growth of the Grange from 18(3S 
to 1874. (a). X'lunber of Granges, (b). Membership, (c). Savings. 
XVn— THE SOVEREIGNS OF INDUSTRY. 
1. Time. 2. Purposes. (See objects of Grange). 3. Where. 4. Nature 
of the problems for solution. 5. PoliticS'il tendencdes. 

XVIII— THE SIGNAL SERVICE BUREAU. 
1. Leader. 2. Time. 3. Purpose. (a), (b) and (c). 4. Advantages. 

5. Weather predictions for the United States. G. Stations in the United States 
Signal Service, (a). Number. (I)). Where, (c). Work. 

XIX— 'J HE IXDIAN POLICY. 
1, Plan 1 and 2. 2. The new sclieme. What. 

3. Reason f(»r the adoption of this polic}'. 

4. The occupations of the Indians. Extent. 

5. Causes for the decrease of the race. 

G. Number in 1870 in the United States. 7. Conclusion. 
XX— TIIE SPECIE RESUMPTION ACT. 
1. Time. 2. Provision, [a] As tospecie payment, [b] When to go into 
effect, [c] As to fractional currenc\^ 4. Positions of tbe East and W^est on 
specie payment. 4. Effects, [a] On U. S. bonds, [b] On the sale of gold. 
XXI— THE ADMISSION OF COLORADO. 
1. X'umber. 2. Climate : effect. 3. Chief business. 4. Called what? 5. 
Capital, and leading cities. 

XXII— THE AMERICAN CENTENNIAL— Lo.ssing. 
1. I'lace — Why chosen. 2. Nature of the celebration. 3. Buildings and 
ground. 4. Opening ceremonies; what; when; leaders. 5. Advantages. 

6. Quotation. 

XXIII— POLITICAL TROUBLES IN THE SOUTH. 
1. Nature of tbe political rivalry. 2. The Ku-Klux, and White Leaguers. 
3. Conflict between whites and blacks; result. 4. Assassination ot colored 
men, and white Republicans. .'). Rival governments in the States; (example) 
how settled? 

XXIV— ELECTION OF NEW OFFICERS— 1876. 
1. Conventions, platforms, and candidates, (a) Republican met tit Cin- 



MAXUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 107 

fiiiiKiti, .lime 1-i, and adopted a platform demanding the immediate, vigorons, 
and continuous exercise of tlic pi'wers of the Federal Government, until all 
classes were secure in tlx'ir civil and iiolitical rights, and the Southern States 
peiinanently pacified. Ir noniinalcd It. B. Mayes, of Cliio, and William A 
Wliei'Ier. of New York. 

Ml) Democratic, met at Si. T.nids. .Iiinc 27. and adopted a platform which 
.acjcpted all the results of the R(d)ellion; (including the l.**, 14 and 1,5th amend- 
ments) and demanded that the Fe(ieral Government should cease to support 
the ''carper-hag" governments iu Southern States. It nominated S:imuel J. 
Tihlen. of Xew York, and Thomas A. Ilendi-ick'^, of Indiana. 

(e) ( ;reenl»ack, met .at liidian.apoli-i. May 17. Its platform "desired na- 
tional l)an]\ note-;, and opposed the resumjition of specie jiayment." 

[d] I'rdhituiion Reform, met at Cleveland, Ohio, and nomin.ated Greeo. 
day Smith, of Kentucky, and K. T. Stewart, of Ohio. 

'2. The Issue— (a) ('l.iinis of the Rcpuhlicans ami Democrats, (b) The 
Greenback and Prohibition parties. 

'.i. The campaign — Xature; work of the |)arties. 

4. The Elei!toral (^)iirt — Where; when: by whom; result; quarrel. 

5. 'I'he Electoral Commission. 

(a) How constituted, (b) Whv so called, (c) Purpose, (d) Pledge of 
parties, (e) Members. 

1) — CABIXEr OF HAYES. 

[a] William M. Evarts, of Xew York, Secretary of State. 

[b] John Sherman, of Oliio, Secretary of the Treasury. 

[c] (Jcorge W. .McCrarv, of Iowa. Secretary of War. 

Id] Richard M. Thompson, of Indiana, Secretary of Navy. 

[e] (^arl .Scliurz, of Mis-souii. Secretary of Interior. 

[f] Charles Devins. of Massachusetts, Attorney-General. 

HAYES ADM I XISTR AT 10 X— 1877-1881. 
1. The Xew President. 

1. Birtli — When and where. 2. Official History, 3. I'jducation. 4. 
Wealth. 0. Religion. G. Pledges in his Letter of Acceptance, 7. Nature of 
his InauiTural Address; efi'ect. S. Position of Mrs. Hayes on temperance; 
eftect. 

U— REMOVAL OF GOVERXMEXT TROOPS FROM THE SOUTH. 
1. Purpose of the troops. 2. Idea of the North. 3. Ground of removal. 

4. Efiecr on tlie North; on the South. 

III_CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 
1. Pledge of the Republican party; eftect. 2. Method of appointing mi- 
nor ofiicers. 3. Abuse of the system. 4. Ground of appointment to office. 

5. Action of the President; what; eftects. 

IV— THE REMOXETIZAITOX OF SILVKR. 

1. Question of the currency in 1877. 2. Demonetization of silver, [a] 
When, [bj What. 3. Provisions of the Silver Bill, [a] As to coinage, [b] 
As to currency value. 4. Action of Congress. 5. Action of the President. 
G. Work of tiie ndnts; efi'ect. 

V— THE RAILROAD RIOT— 1877. 

1. Time. 2. Causes. 3. Strike on the B. & O. Railroad, [a] Where. 
[b| Demands, [c] The rioters, [d] Confiict of rioters and state troops; effects. 

4. Spri^ad of the Insurrection, [a] Where, [b] When, [c] Action of the 
uiobs. [d] The mob at Pittsburg, [e] Extent of the strike. 



lOS MANUAL OF UXITED STA'I'ES JIISTORY. 

5, El}eci'< (if llie riot — On ttiilro.'ul bn>;iii('ss. [b] On luw and onier. [c] 
On lite ami iiroperty. 

G. General facts — [a] Leiii:^tli of J'iot. [ii] Called wlKity [el illustration of 
wliat? 

VI— rilE KKVIVAL OF BUSINESS— 1878. 

1. lievival of iron trade; etfeet. 

2. The Kesninptioii of Specie Payment ; what; liow ; when; etl'eer. 3. 
Growtii of our commerce; etfecr. 4. Eiiro|>eiu iinmi^railon. [a] Xiimber 
perj'ear. [b] \Vliere Iroin ? [c] W'hi're to? [d] Kind of peoj)le. 

5. The Government ere lit — Status; why; how shown? effect. 
VII— THE xMOLLIE MAGUIEE TROUBLE— 1877. 
1. \Viiat. 2. Purpose. 3. Where. 4. Work. 5. Actions of the courts. 
6. Trial and execution of prominent leader^; when; wliere; effect. 

VIII— THE MURPHY TEMPERANCE .MOVEMENT— 1S77. 
1. Why so called. 2. Work of Francis Murphy. 3. Name of clubs. 4. 
Spread of the excitement, o. Etfei-rs. 

IX— THE UTE OUTBREAK— 1879. 
1. Where. 2. ('ause. 3. Events. i. Leader. 5. Indian atrocities. 6. 
Eliects. 

X— HUSH AGITATORS— ISSO. 
1. Who. 2. Position ol each at home. 3. Purpose. 4. Work. 5. Ke- 
ception. G. Conduct. 7. Etfect. 8. Later History of each. 
XI— CHINESE IMMIGRATION. 

1. Action of the people of California — Why. 

2. The Anti-Chinese Bill of Congress — What; when; provisions. 

3. Veto of the Bill by the President — Why. 4. Later Legislation. 
5. Ar<xiniients for and nffainst Chinese Immigration. 

X!I— THE YELLOW FEVER SCOURGE— 1S78. 
1. \Vhere. 2. Effects. 3. Mortality. 4. Action of the North. 5. The 
work of the Howard Association, [a] Who. [b] \Vhat. G. Effect:. 
XIII— THE SOI'THERN EXODUS— 1879-1881. 
1. What. 2. When. 3. Assertions of the Democrats. 4. Deehmitions 
of tjie Republicans. ."). Where. G. Treatment in Kansas. 7. Effect on the 
North ond South. 

XIV— THE EXTRA SESSIONS OF CONGRESS. 

1 . Of 1879— By whom ; why. 

2. First extra session — NV'hen; why; by whom. 

3. Second •' " " *' 

4. Third 

5. Fourth " " "' " 
G. Fifth 

7. Sixth " " " ^' 

XV— THE TENTH CENSUS— 1880. 

1. Population. 2. R:Ue of increase. 

3. 'The ten largest cities — with population. 

4. The six largest states — with population. 

5. Rate of monthly payment of jjublic debt. 
G. Government Revenues. 

7. Government Expenditures. 

XVI— DEATHS OF NOTABLE PERSONS— Newman. 
1. Of Parson Brownlow, of Tennessee ; .Mt^thodist nunister, founder, 
and editor of the Knoxville VVhig, an uncompromising Unionist, Gov- 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 109 

errior, iind Uiiirod Sr.-ires Seiititor, April 29 1877 

2. .loliii L. Motley— Historian, May 29 1877 

3. Ki'v. John y. C. Abbott— Popular History, June 17 1877 

4. Robert D.ile Owen — Author and tliinker, .Tnne 24 1877 

5. Oliver P. Morton — War Gov(M-iior of Indiana, and United States 
Senator, November 1 . 1877 

6. Samuel Bowles — Editoi- Sprin>;tield Repiibliei'n, January IG 1878 

7. ('atharine E. Beeeher — Educator and author, May 12 1878 

8. William Ciillen Bryant — Father of American Literature, June 12.1878 

9. Bayard Taylor — .'I'ravtder and author, December 19 .1878 

10. Caleb Cusbinjr — Jurist and diplomatist, June 2 1879 

IL Elihu Burnitt— The Learneil Blacksmith— March 7 1879 

12. Williiuu L. Garrison — Greatest anti-slavery advocate, May 24. . . .1879 

13. General Joseph Hooker — Fiirhtinir Joe — October 31 1879 

14. Zachariah Chandler — M.iyor of Detroit, United States Senator, 
Secretary of the Interior; the o;reat stalwart, November 1 1879 

1.'). General Albert G. Myer— Head of Weather Bureau. "Old Pro- 
babilities," Au<rust 24 1880 

YVII— ELECITON OF NEW OFFICERS— 1880. 

1. Conventions and candidates. 

(a) Republicans met June 8. at Chicago. The great question agitating the 
convention was, "Shall General Grant be nominated for a third tfrin ?" The 
candidates were Grant, of Illinois, Blaine, of Maine; Sherman, of Ohio; Wash- 
burti, of Illinois, and Windom, of Minnesota. It being impossible to nomi- 
nateeirher of the three leading candidates, the name of General James A. Gar- 
tield, of Ohio, who was not ev(Mi a nominee of the convention was, brought 
forward on tlve thirty- fourth ttallof, and his nomination secured on the thirty- 
sixth. The 30G delegites under the leadership of Roscoe Conkling, who voted 
continuously for Granr. have received the name of the"01d Guard." A medal 
in lionor of their tidelity to the candidate of their choice has been struck, and 
thus their act will be rendered hist'irical. The convention nominated Chester 
A. Arthur, of New York, for Vice President. 

(b) 'I'he Greenbiick met at ('hicago, June 11, and nominated Hon. J. B. 
Weaver, of Iowa, for I'resident; and E.J. Chambers, of Texas, for Vice 
President. 

(c) The Democratic met .June "Jl. at Cincinnati, and nominated General 
Winfield S. Hancock, of New York, for President, and William H. English, 
of Indiana, for Vice President. The convention, in its resolutions declared 
its faith in Sauiuel ,f. Tilden, and expressed its belief in bis election in 1876. 

(d) The Prohibitioni<ts met at Cleveland, and nominated General Neal 
Dow. of Maine, for President, niul A. W. Thompson, of Westville, Ohio, for 
Vice Pi'esident. (See below.) 

2. The Issues of the campaign. 

(a) Position of the ProhiI)itinnists ; 1 and 3. (b) The national position; 1. 
2 and 3. (c) The Republii'an jiosition ; 1 and 2. (d) The position of the De- 
mocracy, (e) Leading questions ; temperance; woman suffrage: tinawce; the 
tarirt". and the nature of the government. 

3. Result. 

[a] Vote for Garfield, 214. [b] Vote for Hancock, 150. [c] Dow, 10,305 
popular votes, [d] Weaver, 307,740 popular vote, [e] Total popular vote, 9,- 
218,550. 

From above. 



no MANUAL OF UNITED STATES WrSTORY. 



[e] The Iiiilepcndeiir PeopU''-; L;tt)f)r Parry held a narioria! coiivi'ntioii at 
Sharon, PiMin!<\'lvani.i. ami nomiiiateil Gartifhl and Arthur as their presiden- 
tial ticket. 

GARFIELD AXD AlilTIUR'S ADMINISTRATIONS— [1881— 1882]. 

L The New Pkesidknt. 

1. Birth. When. Where. 2. Early life. 4. Ediieation. 5. Official 
History, G. Reliji^ion. 7- Wealth, Inantjnration Ceremonies — When; 
where. The address and etiVcr. Tiie andience. Notable persons present. 9. 
Cabinet eho-jcn :— (a) Secretary of State, Jas. G. Blaine, of Me. (b) Secretary 
of the Treasury, Wiliiani Windoui, of Minn, (c) Rohr. F. Lincoln, of 111., 
Secretary of War. (d) Secretary of the Navy, Wni. II. Ilnnt. (.f La. (e) P. 
M. General. T. L. James, of New York, (f) Attorney-General, Wayne Mc- 
Vea^h, of Penn. (y) Secretary of the Interior, Satn'l J. Kirkwood, of Iowa. 
10. Political composition of Conorress. 

il— ITIE EGYPTIAN OBZLISK— [1881]. 

1. Wliat. 2. Size. 8. Ili-tory. 4. Presentation to the United States. 
When. By wliom. Name. Value, i). Voyaii;e to America. When. Cost. 
Leader. G. Otiier Obelisks. Where. Size. Why so valued? 7. When 
erected. Circnmstances. When. S. Presentation to New Yoik. (a) VVhun. 
(b) By whom, (c) Onitor. 

Ill— REVISION OF VlIE BIBLE— [1870— 1880]. 

1. Wiien bet^nn. 2. The Company of Reviewers. Composition. Num- 
ber. Ground of Choice. 3. Purpose. 4. Work. Plan. ^Method and speed. 
5. Publication of New Edition. When. Where. Sale. 6. Earlier Editions 
of the Bible. 7 ■ RfM'ep ion by the people, by ministers and by scholars. 
IV— THE DEAD LOCK IN THE U. S. SENATE. 

1. Time. 2. Cause. 3. Circnmstances. 4. The Leaders, b. Effect. 
V— THE CUSTOM HOUSE QUARREL. 

1. Nominarioii of Rol)errson as Collector of Customs at New York, (a) 
By whons. (b) \Vliy. (<•) Opposition. W^iy. Leader of Opposition. 2. 
Action of the U. S. Senate. Confirm the nomination. Effect. 

3. Resiffiiation of New York Senators. (a) Where. (b) When. fc) 
Why. (d) Effect. 

4. Election of nfw Senators by the New Yo?d< .\ssembly. (a) Promiue!)t 
candidat(;s. (b) Time, (c) Events, (d) Result. 

5. <lrf>nr>ral effects of this trouble. 

VI— DEATHS OF NOTABLE PERSOXS. 

1. Benjamin Pierce — Leading American Mathematician and Superinten- 
dent of Coast Survey. October Gth, '80. 

2. Lj'dia Maria Creek, author and reformer. October 20th, 'SO. 

3. Lucretia Mott, a '.-leat anti-slavery advocate of the Quaker faith. 
November 11th, '80. 

4. Rev. E. D. Chapin, D. D., the leadiu": Universalist divine of the coun- 
try, at New York. December 27th, '80. 

5. Fernando Wood, Mayor of New York ;ind JI. C. Twice a candidate 
for Speaker. A fjre.at free-trade Democrat. February IG, '61. 

0. Martliew Carpenter, Statesman and lawyer. February 24th, '81. 

VII— ISTII.MUS SCHEMES— NEWMAN. 

1. Princi)de at stake in these schemes. 

2. The Nicaraiiua Canal — Wheri!; plan; distance; engineer; cost; work 
to be done. 

3. The Ship ilailway — Where; plan; distance; engineer; cost. 



MANUAL or UXITED STATES ITISTORY. Ill 

Vin— ASSASSrXATIOX OF PRESIDEXT GARFIELD. 

L WIhmi. -1. Where. 3. IIdw. 4. By whom. 5. Circumstances. 
G. EilVt't. 

The Presi.lentinl IMiie^s — 

1. Nariirc of rlip woiiiiil. i. Attendant physicians. 3. Nurses. 4. San- 
itary :;iiM>nr<'S. 5. Beariu^r of tiie patient. 6. Removal to Long Branch. 
^V'iu'll ; why; liow ; cii-ciinistaiH.-e^ ; eflect. 

Tlie Deuth of the President — 

1. \'>lien. 2. Where. 3. Circumstances. 4. Last great saying. What. 
Meauino;. 5. P:ffect. (a) On tlie \oi tli. (h) OntheSouth. (c^ On the mass 
of tiie people. 6. Fmiera! cereiMonies. 

The Garrteid Fund— 

]. Wliat. 2. Purpose. ^i. Leading contributors. 4. Originators. 5. 
AmoMut. 

IX— THE NEW PRESIDENT. 

1. Birtli — Wlieti and wliere. 2. Early life. 3. Education. 4. Religion. 
5. Wealth. (J. Oflieiil history. 7. Position in his party. 8. Cabinet chang- 
es. 9. Pulley. 10. Prr>mise of his administration. 

X— THE GUITEAU TRIAL. 

1. Who. 2. Charge. 5. History of the prisoner. 3. Where. 4. When, 
tj. The jury. 7. The .Judge. 8. The attorneys employed. 9. Circumstances 
of the trial. 11. Verdict. 12. Effect. 10. Cost. 



REVIEW TOPICS ON THE PERIOD OF AD- 
MINISTRATIONS. 



WITH SPECIAL TOPICS OF INTERESTS. 



I— HISTORK\\L NAMES FOR THE PRESIDENTS. 

1. George Washington — The Father of His '^ountrv. 

2. John Adams — Tlie Colossus of American Independence. 

3. Thomas .fetferson — The Sage of Monticelleo. 

4. .Tames Madison — The Father of the Constitution. 

5. James Monroe — (The Era of Good Feeling) — 
0. John Q. Adams — The Old Man Eloquent. 

7. Andrew Jackson — Old Hickory. Old Roman. 

8. Martin Van Buren— Little Magician. 

9. Willi.iin II. Harrison — 'I'he Hero of Tippecanoe — Old Tip and Ty. 

10. .lames K. Polk — Young Hickory. 

11. Zachary 'I'aylor — Old Rough and Ready. 

12. Millard Fiilmoi'e — Seeond Accidental President. 

13. John Tyler — First Accidental President. 

14. James Buchanan — Old Buck— The Bachelor President. 



11-2 MANUAL OF UX['X'E|^) STATES ITISTORY. 

15. Abr.ih.'im Liiu-oln — Honesif Abe — The jNIartyr President. 

16. Aii'lrew Jolinston — Third Accidental Pie.sident. 

17. Ul.vses Grant — Unconditional Snrrender. 
18. 

19. Janie.-i A. Gartiold — The Second MMrtyr President. 

20. Clioster A. Artiiur — Fourth Accidental President. 

ir— HIsrORiCAL NAMES FOR STATESMEN. 

1. Henry CImv — The Great Pacificator — Tiie Mill Boy of the Slashes. 

2. Tiiomas H. Benton — Old Bullion. 

u. Daniel Webster — The Cliatnpion of National Supremacy and the De- 
fender of the Constitution. 

4. John C. Calhoun — Tiie Champion of States' Rights. 

f). Steplien A. Douiiiass — The Little Giant. 

(!. General Joim C. Freeinont — The Pathfinder of the Rockies. 

7. Roseoe Conklinjr — I>ord Roscoe — Did<e of Utica. 

8. Robert 'I'oonibs — The Georo^ia Fire-eater. 

!). Alexander H. Stevens — 98 pounds, dried Confederacj'. 
10. D.miel W. Voorhees — 'I'he Tali Sycamore of the Wabash. 
Ill— HISTORICAL HOMES. 

1. Mount Vernon — ^Vashil:>^ton. 

2. Quincy — The Adams. 
3r MonticeDio — Jefferson. 

4. Montpelier — iLidison, 

5. A^ihland — Clay. 

G. The IIermita<ie — Jackson. 

7. L'licu — Coukling. 

8. Galena- Grant. 

9. Springfield — Lincoln. 
*10. Mentor— Garfield. 

IV— RELIGION OF TIIE PRESIDENTS. 

Washiuiiton and Garfield were the only ones who were church members, 
but all, one excepted, were men who revered Christianity. Adams married a 
minister's daujrhter, and was inclined to Ll^nitarianism. Jefferson was not a 
believer, at least while he was Chief Magistrate. Madison's early connections 
were Presbyterian. Monroe is said to have favored the Episcopal Church. 
John Quincy Adams was like his futher. .lackson was a Methodist, and died 
in the communion of that church. Van Bnren was brought up in the Re- 
formed Dutch Church, but afterwards inclined to the Episcopal Church. 
Tl.arrison leaned toward the Methodist Church, and Tyler was an Episcopal- 
ian. Polk was baptized by a Methodist preacher after hi* term of office ex- 
pired. Tayloi- was inclined to the Episcopal communion. Fillmore attended 
the rniiar ian Church, and Fr-inUlin Pierce was a member, but not a i'orn- 
munieant. of a Congregafionnlist Church at Concord. Bnchanan was a 
Presbyterian, General Grant attends the iSIethodist Church, and President 
Garfield was a member of the Church of the Disciples. 

V— WEALTH OF THE PRESIDENTS. 

Washington left an estate worth .$800,000. John Adams died moderatelj 
well olV. Jefferson died so poor that, if Congress had not sriven $20,000 for 
his library, he would have been bankrupt. Madison was economical and died 
ricli. ^Monroe died so poor that he wns buried at the expense of his relatives 
in Baltimore. John Quincy Adams left $50,000, the result of prudence. His 



MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 113 



son, Cliarlt'S Francis xXdaais, jiaiiicd a laro;*' fortune by niani.ioe. Jackson 
<li('(l trili'i'al)ly well oil'. Van Biircu diiil worth sonic $300,000. It is said that 
(lurinj; liis cntiri' Milministration iic never took anj' poriion ofiiis salaiy, but 
on icaviiiiT dn-w ihe wliole .$100,000, in a Innip. Polk left about $1.50,000. 
Fillmore was mIwuvs .Mn eeononiieal nnni, and ad.dcd to his wealth by his la.'t 
niarii:ii:e. I'i.Mi-e -Mvei] ;il,o:ir $.50,000. Buchanan left about $200,000. Lin- 
eoln, about $7.5. 000, .[(.jinson, about $50,000. aranf. $1,000,000.— [Baltimore 
Gazette. 

(iar<ield, about $-J5,00!). 'I'his does not include ihe Garfield fund of $250,- 
000, raised by the people for Mrs. Garfield ; nor the sahiry of $25,000 appro- 
priated liy Coiiiiress. 

VI— EDUCATIOX OF THE PRESIDEXS. 

Of the twenty-one nu'ii who h.ive hfld the presidential office, twelve were 
<;raduates of coilei^es .IS follows: Jenerson, Monioe, and Tyler fi-om the col- 
leire of Willi:iiu :ind Mary. Tiu^ twoAdani>, from Harvard ; Polk from the 
I'niversiiy of Xoit h Carolin.i ; Pierre from Bowdoin ; H;irrison from Hamp- 
den «.t .Sydney; Buchaniu from Diekinson ; Grant, who is n West Pointer 
would properly be cla>seil .-ism eoiley.-e trfaduate; Hayes from Kenyon ; and 
Garfield from Hiram .and William^. 

The non-irr.-nluite Presidents were Washinij^ton, Jackson, Van Buren, 
'J'aylor, FlUtnore, .Johnston. fJucc. In, iind Arthur. 

VII— Till-: FIXAXCIAL LEGISLATIOX 

1. The United States Bank 1791, 181G, 18.32 and 1841 

2. The United States Mint 1791 

o. Keconimeudations of Jackson in the me.-sages of.. .1829. 1830 and 1831 

4. Removal of Fuiuls to Ix)cal Banks 1833 

5. I>istribuiin<: .Vet of Conu;ress. 1836 

0. Speeie Cireidar 1836 

7. Independent Treasury Bill 1840, 1841 and 1846 

«. Action of Tyler as regards the Xutional B iidi. 

9. Panics of 1817, 1837, 1857, 1873 and 1877 

10. War Leijislation on Fin.-uice — [a] Issue of Treasury Notes, [b] Issue 
of Le<>al Tender Xoies. [c] Sale of U. S. Bonds, [d] Lejjalizing of Xational 
Banks 1863 

11. Demonetizing of Silver 1873 

12. Remonetiziug of Silver 1877 

13. Specie Resumption, January 1, 1879 

14. Re-funding Sciieme 1880-'l 

XV— OLD BAXKIXG SYSTEM. 

1. The system in vogen previous to the act of 1864 was simply 
that uhleh place ihe eharier of .ill l)anks of issue and deposit in the hands of 
the sevei.al Stares. In 1856 and 1857 there weie .about 1,400 of these States in- 
stitutions: in Xew England alone there were .507 banks and branches, with a 
capital of $114,611,752. Ar that time an important fe.-iture in Xew England 
banking was the "Sufi'ulk baid<iiig system," through which the notes of all 
Xew England banks were colleeted and redeemed at the Suffolk B.ank at Bos- 
ton, each b.ank m.iking a stipnlited despositfor that purpose amounting in the 
aggregate to $300,000. The older biuking system of the United States dates 
back of the State banks. During the Revolutionary war the country was ex- 



114 MANUAL OF UNi'i'EI) STATES IIISTOKY. 

treniely jinor. witli (Vw iinliistrics cxcrpt :i«>Ticiilt ufc, iiinl witli no i)ri'cious 
metals to spenk of. Coiijrress, M:iy 10, 1775, uiiuie pnpMiatioii tti i.-siie Coii- 
tinenr.-il paper, $2,000,000 of uhicli were put tii circiilMtion on June 22 follow- 
ing. There issues Jigo^rejrated |300,()00,OC0, nnd depreciated so iniuh that 
eventually ilie}- becanie vaiuidcss, ;dtl)0u>rl« laws were pap.seil niMking: them :i 
legal temler for the pay tnent of debts. 'I'lien a plan was submitted to Con;jre-s, 
May 17, 1781, by Robert Morris, for a national bank, the i)riiieipal iirovi>ions 
of which were: The capital to be $400,000, in sliai<':« of $400 eacli. each share 
to have a note ; tliat twelve directois be chosen from tliosc eniitled to vote, 
who at their lirsr nieelin;;- s!iall clioosc a pre-ident ; tli it the directors meet 
quarterly; tiuit tiie board be empowered from time to time to open 
new subscriptions for the purpose of increasing the capital of the 
bank; statemonrs to l)e made to the Superintendent of the Finances 
of America; that the bank notes payable on demand shall bylaw be 
made leceivable for duties and (axes in eveiy State, and from the re- 
spective States by the Ti-easury of the ITnited Stales; that the Superinteedent 
of the Finances of America shall have the right at all times to ex;imine into 
the affairs of the bank. This bank became an important auxiliary in aid of 
the tinances of the government, and so continued to the end ofihe war. Then 
followed the first Bank oftlie United States, commonly called Hamilton's 
bank, which was chartered in 17!)1, and continued till 1811. From that time 
to 1816 the fiscal service of ilir government was performed by h.inks operated 
under State law. In 1810 the second Bank of the United States wasci-eated; 
its capital was to be $35,000,000, in 350.000 shars of $100 each ; $7,000,000 of 
the stock to be subscribed by the United States, and the remaining $28,000,000 
by individuals, companies or corporations. The bank went into operation 
Jan. 7, 1817, and continued till 1836, when it cea«ed to act under the charter 
granted by the Uruted States, but the same year was rechartered by the State 
of Pennsylvania, with the same capital. On winding up its affairs in 1840, 
after paying its debts there remained nothing for the stockholders the entire 
capital having been suid<. 

Vni— POLITICAL PARTIES. 

1. Federal and Anti-Federal Parties 1788 

2. Republicans, [ " " ] 1792 

3. Democrats. [ " " ] 1828 

4. Xotional Republicans, [Federalists] 1836-1832 

5. Whigs, [Federalists] 1836-1852 

6. Anti-Masonic [death of Morgan] 1826-1832 

7. Liberty or Abolition, [ajiainst .-lavery] 1832-1844 

8. Locofocos, [Lucifer Matches] at New York 1834 

9. Hunkers [("onservative Democrats on slavery] 1848 

10. Barnburners, [Radical " " ] 1848 

11. Freesoil, [The Wilmot Proviso] 1848-52 

12. The Republicans 1846, 1856-1880 

13. Amei-ican Know-Noihing party [against Foreigners] 1856 

14. Constilulional Union, [Know Nothing] I860 

15. Northern Democrats, [Stephen A. Douglas 1860 

16. Southern '* [John C. Breckenridge] I860 

17- Liberal Republicans, [Horace Greeley] 1872 

18. National or Greenback, [paper money] 1875-18 — 

19. Prohibition — Tempeninee and Woman Suffrage < 1876 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 115 

IX— POLITICAL CAMPAIGXS— 178S-1880. 
L Pai-tios — Origin. 2. Conventions. 3. Platforms. 4. Questions. 5. 
Tinif. 6. Rosult. 

[Kroiu tlie Cincinnati Conimerc.iMl. I 

Tlic Pri'sjdenli.il t'onresr which is now alioiit to terminate is the twenty- 
foni'li in rh" iiistory ofour Goveinment. Durinir tiie ninety-i wo j-eai'S which 
liavc <'la|iS(Ml ^incc the first clot-tioii of Cen. \V ishinjilon, sixtcn Presidents 
liavf, by rhi' ilcitli of tlH'ir sii|tcriors, het'n called to exercise the dnties of the 
i*resiiienti:il ollicc. In thisshoir period of less than a hundred years many 
momentous political .ind social iiucsiioiis have been decided at oui' quadrennial 
coute-ts. The voice of the people, whicii in all elective Governments give 
directions ro administrative policy, has exerte<l a controling inlluence in shap- 
ing our governmental allairs. This influence has Ixmmi so potential that^ nearly 
every impnitaiit ste|) taken by an Administration is directly traceable to the 
expresscil will of the pi-ople. The war with .Mexico and the vast acquiJ^ition 
of territnry resulring from it was foreshadowed by the eleciion of Mr. Polk in 
IS14. 'i'h.> election of I8G0 percipitafed the great civil war, and, together with 
the eleciion of 1864, bronghr about our social regeneration, and acconiplislied 
the reconstruction of American society on a broader jkuI more equitable basis. 

I'lie Constitution of the United States was framed by a convention of dele- 
gates which asst'inbled in P'hiladel|)hia, in May, 1787. The ('onveutioii re- 
mained in session until September 17, wIkmi the fruits of its deliberations were 
given to the public. After a period of abonr ten months the Constitution was 
ratified by the requisite number of States, and, in accordance with its proviL- 
ious, a President of tht^ Uiuted States was elected for a term of four j'ears. 
W.ishiugion received sixty-nine electoral votes, the entire munber cast. The 
vote for Vice President was dividetl among .John Adams, John Jay, George 
riinton and .John Ilaiicoik. Adams received thirty-four votes, and as ihis 
was the highest mimher cast he was elected. 

iVt the second election, in 1792, ^V^•lsllington was again unanimously 
chosen. As parry lines had by this time begun to assume definite shape, au 
organized opposition arose to the re-election of Vice President Adams. Of the 
i:j"2 eleitoral votes cast John Adams received seventy-seven, George Clinton 
fifty, Thomas Jelferson four, and Aaron Burr one. 

AVashington's achninistration of the Presidency was characterized by a 
patriotism and purity which we must despair of seeing imitated. In selecting 
his Cabinet he was entirely free from party or personal bias. His Secretary 
of State was Thomas Jeft'erson, and his Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander 
Hamilton, men who held diametrically opposite views on almost every ques- 
tion of public polic}'. Hamilton was a monarchist in principle, and believed 
in a strot)g central Government, with little or no power retained by the States. 
Jefferson was a Oemoerat. and favored the retention of certain important 
powers by the States, with a Federal Government of adequate, though limited 
power. 

Political parties originated early in Washington's first administration. 
The Federalists, under the lead of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams, con- 
tended for centralization of power in the hands of the Executive. The anti- 
Federalists, or Re|)nl>licans, under the lead of Thomas JelTerson and Aaron 
Burr, were zealous advocates of State rights, demanding decentralization and 
the distribution of power among the States. 

The first real contest between the two parties took pl",ce at the third Presi- 



no MANUAL OF UXITED STA'ljES HISTORY. 

clentiiil election^ in 17'.)(J. 'I'Ir- (ipposiii": c;iii(li(l;iles upih Mi . Jefferson and 
Mr. Adams. Aitlioujili tlie Federalists ueie numerically much slronijcr than 
their opponents, they wasted their power hy petty dissension.s and jealousies 
amon<; themselves. .Mi-. Adams iiavinji served in the capacity of Vice Presi- 
dent conside.'id himseli and was lejiarded hy his pajty as in the line of promo- 
tion. But through ihe connivance of li;inniton a .scheme was contrived by 
which '1'lioina.s FincUney, of South (Carolina, the Federalist Candida e for "Vice 
President, should he given more, electoral votes than Adams, and should thus 
be chosen over his hi ad. 'Ihis plan was, however, not carried out, but il 
created much confusion and misunderstandinjj-, so lliat while i he Federalists 
elected their President, they failed to choose iheir Vice Piesident. Adams I'e- 
ctdved sevent3'-one votes, Jeffer-on <i.x:iy-ei.;ht^,I^inckney fifty-nine, and Aaron 
Burr 30. 'ihe remaindci- were scattering. John Adams, the iiigliest candi- 
date, was thus chosen President, and 'riiomas Jeli'eison, the next iiigliest, 
Vice Pre-ident. 

Tiie political principles wliich animated parties in the days of "the 
fathers" have undergone much modification since, but they are still active 
and potential. Outwardly, there are but few points of -similarity between lh(; 
issues which decided the earlier Presidential elections and those whicii entiu- 
into tlie contests of to-(la.v, hut if we carefully trace the progress of political 
opinion, we sliall tiiid that the llamiluuiian and Jefler sonian theories of gov- 
ernment have l)een at constant warfare. The Ijattles of Federalism and De- 
mocracy are still being fought, coscrtly, periiaps, but with unabated acrimony. 
- Early in the administration of President Adams the troubles with France 
arose, and llje country was brought to the verge of a declaration of war against 
our old Revolutionary ally. The course pursued b)^ the Administration was 
enthusiastically sustained by the peojtle, and the wiiole country demanded 
war. The difticukies were, however, amicably adjusted, and before the elec- 
tion of 1800 came around the war sentiment, which at one time had pronused 
to lead to the triumphant re-election of Mr. Adams, gave way to a decided re- 
action. 

In the fourth Presidential contest Adams and Jeflerson were again ar- 
raj-ed against each other. The Federalist candidate for Vice President was 
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of South Carolina, ami the Republican candidate 
was Aaron Burr, of Xew York. A coijd)ination ol' causes led to the defeat of 
the Administration. The alien and sedition laws had been passed by the 
Federalists, and had received the passive su|)port of President Adams. These 
laws were utterlj"- at variance with the spirit of our-institutions, and their in- 
tolerant and proscriptive character rendered them <'xtremely odious. Mr. Jef- 
ferson and his party took a strong position, demanding their repeal, and thus 
placed themselves in the way of winning popular favor. In addition to this, 
the supporters of Jefferson made the States the arena of the Presidential bat- 
tle, and gave utterance to their party sentiments in the celebrated Kentucky 
and Virginia "Resolutions of '!)8." Tlie Democratic ])(irty of to-day dates its 
origin from the elect ion of ISOO. Battling under such a leader as Thomas Jef- 
ferson for equal rights, the libertj- of the press and unshackled public; and 
])rivate opinion, the primitive Democrats achieved a victory which prepared 
the way for sixty years of almost unbroken National domination. 

The result of the election was a tie between Jefferson and Burr, both of 
whom had 73 votes. Adams received 65, Pinckney (il, and John Jsiy 1, so that 
the number of votes cast for the Federalist candidates was eight less than 



MAXUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 117 

those fiisr for tlu; Republican candidates. Tlie will of the people was express- 
eil plainly- enough. Their choice for President was Thomas Jefferson, and 
for Vice President Aaron Burr. But, accoidinj^: to tlieold method of electing, 
no discrimination was made lietween the two oflices when the votes were 
counted. Eacli vote was, accordini;' to the structures of the Constitution, re- 
garded as a vote for President, and was so counted; and in this way the rela- 
tive positions of Mr. Jefferson and Mr. Burr came well nigh heiuji; leversed. 
No election liaving been effected by the people, the choice devolved on the 
House of Repre-entatives. Balloting was begun on the ITth of February, 
ISOl. The House remained in continuous session for seven days before a re- 
sult was reached. Finally, on the thirty-sixth ballot, a majority of States 
voted for Mr. .lellerson, wlm was consequently declared elected. 

The troubles growing out of the fourth Presidential election showed that 
A serious defect existed in the Constitution. The constitutional method of 
choosing the President was manifestly faulty and in order to avoid a recur- 
rence of the dangers that threatened our institutions in 1800, the twelfth 
uujendment was proposed and adopted. The chief provision of the new 
method is that each eleetor, instead of voting indisciim.inately, shall east sep" 
arate ballots for President and Vice President. In this way the electors pro" 
oeed in a more intelligent manner, and tiie possibility of electing a presiden- 
tial candidate as Vice President, or a Vice Presidential candidate as President, 
's obviated. 

iJuring th(M wenty-tour yeais I'ollowing the spirited contest of 1800, the 
Democratic Presidential candidates were elected and re-elected without serious 
opposition. Thomas Jefferson was chosen for a second term in 1804 by an al- 
most unanimous vote, receiving all but fourteen of the electoral votes cast. 
George Clinton was elected Vice President by the same majority. As the 
time for the election ot ISOS approached, it hee.ime aj)parent that the senti- 
ment of the people was not inimical to the election of Jefferson for a third 
term. But this high-minded ami patriotic man preferred to take his stand 
with George Washington, and to court the applause rather tlian the execration 
of postei'ity. If is to be regretted that our latter-day Presidents are not gifted 
with equal moral perception. 

In 1808 the inlluence of the Administration was thrown in favor of James 
Madison. Pinckney was the candidate of the opposition. The elecrion of Mr- 
Madison was from the outset a foregone conclusion. He received 122 electoral 
votes, to 47 for Piiiekney and six for George Clinton. Clinton was chosen 
Vice President by a vote ot 113 out of .a total of 17"). Madison was re-elected 
as a matter of course. At his second election the entire number of votes cast 
was 217, of which he liad 128, ami DeWitt Clinton, the Federalist candidate, 
89. Elbridge Gerry was elected Vice President by a vote of 131. The Presi. 
dential office has rarely been graced by a more deserving incumbent than the 
"Father of the Constitution." The following comment has been pronounced 
upon him by Jefferson: "From three-and-thirty j'ears' trial I can Siiy con- 
scientiously that I do not know in the world a man of purer integrity, 
nor one more dispassionate, disinterested and devoted to pure republicanism; 
nor could 1, in the whole scope of America and Europe, point out an abler 
head." James Monroe, the friend of Madison and Jefferson, was the fifth 
President of the Cnited States. H" succeeded to the Presidency in 1817, re- 
ceiving 183 electoral votes against liis competitor, Rufus King. Daniel D. 
Tompkins was chosen Vice President, obtaining the same number of votes as 



118 MANUAL OF UXITED STATES HISTORY. 

Monroe. In 1820 Monroe and Toinpkius were re-elected, the former by a vote 
of il8, ill a total of 232. 

The elose of Monroe's Administration marks an important epoch. With 
him, the first generation of American statesmen terminated, and the men who 
had directed the revolutionary contest and framed the Constinition of the 
United States, stepped off the political stage. Their successors have built the 
fabric of a great and powerful nation, and have, perhaps, administered the 
Government not unworthily. But if, in the light of nearly sixty years of po- 
litical turmoil and party corruption, we take a retrospective ghiuce at the 
status of tlie Government in the earlier days of the republic, we must remark 
that politics and morals have undergone a sad degeneration. 

The election of 1824 and iis results present many anomalous phases. Of 
the five historic contests of 1800, 1824, 1860 and 1876, it is, perhaps, the most 
remarkable. Like the election of 1800, it was not decided until after weeks 
and months of bitter contest. As in 1800, Thomas Jefi"erson was the popular 
favorite, so also in 1824. Andrew Jackson was unmisrakably the choice of the 
mass; the only diflerence being that the result, as determined by the House of 
Representatives, was less fortuitous in the later instance than in the former. 

Prior to 1824 party candidates had been nominated onh- bj^ Congressional 
caucuses, and, though this practice had at times given rise to much discontent, 
no open revolt had been made. In 1816 Monroe's nomination by the Demo- 
cratic caucus was warmly contested by William H. Crawford, the distinguished 
financier, who, however, failing to obtain the nomination, had renounced his 
claims in favor of the party candidate. As a reward for tiiis action ilr. Craw- 
ford was continued in his position as Secretary of the Treasury, and was re- 
garded by President Monroe as his predestined successor. But, as the time 
for the election drew near, Crawford's prospects faded. The caucus nomina- 
tion, which he sought and secured, instead of insuring his success was instru- 
mental in bringing about his defeat. 

Monroe's Cabinet furnished three candidates — John Quincy Adams, Sec- 
retary of State; William H. Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury, and John C. 
Calhoun, Secretary of War. Mr. Calhoun's interests had been actively can- 
vassed, but perceiving that Gen. Jackson, who was coming into prominence, 
would obtain the bulk of the Southern vote, he judiciously withdrew, and be- 
came a candidate for the Vice Presidency instead. Mr. Adams was the choice 
of the defunct Federalist party, and received his chief strength from New 
England. His supporters coalesced with dissatisfied Demncrals and Republi- 
cans tliroughout the Union, ami succeeded in carrying a majority of the New 
York vote for their candidate. Tlie other candidates "ere Andrew Jackson 
and Henry Clay. Gen. Jackson was placed in the field by the Tennessee Leg- 
islature. "His candidacy was at first the subject of jest and merriment rather 
than serious animadversion," but before the canvass terminated the profes- 
sional politicians, who, we may be sure, would never have committed such a 
gross anachronism as to nominate an "illiterate buttbon" for the Presidency, 
were forced to the conclusion that Gen. Jackson's pretensions were very re- 
spectable. 

The election resulted in a failure before the people. Jackson received 9VJ 
electoral votes, Adams 84, Crawford 41, and Clay 37. The choice thus fell to 
the House of Representatives, which, in obedience to the terms of the Consti- 
tution, proceeded to elect the President from the three leading candidates. 
Mr. Clay, being excluded, threw his influence in favor of Mr. Adaujs, and se- 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HiSTORY. lly 

cured his election on the tirst buliot. Thirteen States voted for Adams, seven 
for. Jackson and four for Crawford. Mr. C;ilhoun, tiie candidate for Vice 
President on the ticlcet with .Jacl<son, had received 182 electoral votes, which 
elected iiini. 

The contest of 1824 inadi' Andrew Jack.soii and Henry Clay the leaders of 
their respective political parti>">. From thi> time until his death Jackson was 
the dictator of the Democratic [jarly, and Clay held a somewhat similar posi- 
tion in the Whij; organization. These two men had been political enemies all 
their lives, and they now became the bitterest personal enemies. The feud 
between tiieni arose from Clay's antagonism to.Tackson when the election of 1824 
was thrown into the House of Kepresentatives. Gen. Jackson dtMiounced 
Clay's course as the result of a bargain with Mr. Adams, and the denunciation 
was rendereii the more plausible when Clay accepted tiie oliic<* of Secretary of 
State at the iiands of the iu!W President. Clay's ti aiisi'i'iident abilities and 
high moral character were r.<<t proof against the imputali:)ii of corruption. 
He nutde the mistake >>[' his life when he consented to become Secretary of 
State, and, though the general judgment at this day is that he was falsely ac- 
cused, his course a Horded a pretext at attack which liis detractors have not 
failed ru use to ;idvant;ig('.^ 

In 1828 Piesidtmt Adatns asked for a re-election. The Dem()i.'ratic can- 
didates were again Jackson and Calhoun. Thu campai:z;n was a most reiuark- 
jible one. Xot satisfied with engaging in the lowest personalities and de- 
nouncing Gen. Jacksou as a "boor" and "ignorant demagogue,'' liis op- 
ponents attempted to cast odium and reproach on the charact<'r ofliiswife. 
The result of tiiis cowardly attack should be a warning to the politicians of to- 
day. Jackson received 178 elecjtoral votes against 83 for Adams, and he had 
137.870 majority of the popuhir vote. For Vice President, Calhoun received 
171 electoral votes, Richard Rush s;j and William Smith 7. 

Jackson's arbitrary and vigorous administration created a number ol rug- 
ged issues lor the campaign of 1832. Tlie questions of taritf, finance and 
state soveri'igiity engaged the public mind, and on tiiese questions of national 
economy the Democrats achieved a great triumph. Jackson's success was 
even more overwhelming than in 1828, when his personal honor had been in 
dispute. Outofa total of 28(i votes he had 219. Henr3' Clay, ibe Whig can- 
didate, received a pitiful 41). 'I'he remainder were divided between John 
Floyd ami William Wirt, Martin Van Buren was elected Vice President on 
the ticket with Jackson. 

Andrew Jackson retired from the Presidency in 1837 more popular than 
when he had entered upon it in 1829. His extreme self-will and irascibility 
often impaired the str(Migth of his administration and alieniated liis supporters. 
His course on public question was not always wise, and, if we look the matter 
squarely in the face, the financial troubles of his successor were largely in- 
herited. Hut, fo<- his firmness and devotion to the right, his countrj* owes 
him much. "Abhorrence of debt, public and private, dislike of banks and 
love ofhird money, love of justice and love of country were ruling passions 
with Jackson." 

The eighth President of the United States was Martin Van Buren, of New 
York. He was the candidate of the Administration and received 170 electoral 
votes out of «► total of 294. The Whig vot(! was divided among four candidates. 
Richard M. Johnson, tlie Democratic candidate for Vice President, had only 
147 electoral votes, and this not being a majority of the whole number cast, 



120 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY, 

the election was, for the first time in the history of the Goveiniiifiit, thro\vii 
into tlie Senate, which, bein;^ Denioirratic, elected Joiinson. 

The Pi-esii!entiHl election of 18-10 typified, more tliun any other, our peculiar 
electoral system. It shows th it after a!i, the will ot tiie people, and not the 
iiifinenceof llie moneyed classes, or ofofficLil patronage, determines there- 
suit of elections. 

The rival candidates were President Van Buren and William Henry Harri- 
son. FLirrisou had been a candidate in 1830 and had received 73 electoral 
votes. He was not suspected of possessing any remarkable abilities, but his 
splendid military record, his stainless private character, and, withal, his un- 
assuming tastes and modest pretensions, qualified him for a successful leader. 
Mr. Van Buren had been peculiarly unfortunate in his administration of the 
Presidencj'. The country was still suttering the consequences of the finan- 
cial panic of 1837, and the evils of "hard time" were attributed to the Presi- 
dent as their atitlior. Besides this, Van Buren was reputed to be a fulM>lood- 
ed aristocrat, and ominous stories were told of his extravagance and wasteful- 
ness in the White I|.ouse. 

The Whig paity of 1840, like the Democratic p;irt,y of 1880, demanded a 
"change." But the analogy goes no further. The Whigs nominated their 
candidate aiul made an aggressive campaign. Opposition was u.-eless, and the 
Democratic party which had been intrenched in power for forty years, was 
everywhere beaten. Harrison received 13-lr electoral votes and Van Buren 
60. John Tyler, the Whig candidate for Vice President, the same vote as 
Harrison. The popular vote was as follows: Harrison, 1,274,783; Van 
Buren, 1.128,702; Birney (Abolitionist), 7,609. 

The results of the election ol 1840, which seemingh* predicted a long lease 

of Whig power, were soon flittered away. Harrison died one month after his 

inauguration, and Vice President Tyler took his place. Tyler's weak and 

, vacilating policy led to a Democratic reaction, which eruied in the election of 

a Democratic President in 1844. 

The question of the annexation of Texas was the chief issue in 1844. 
Texas was claimed as a province of Mexico, and its admission into the Union 
would have been a virtual declaration of war against that country. The Dem- 
ocrats declared for annexation, and nominated James K. i^olk, of Tennessee, 
as their candidate. The Whigs took strong ground opposing the scheme, and 
put up Henry Clay. The election resulted in the choice of Polk by a majority 
of 65. Mr. Dallas was elected Vice President over Mr. Frelinghuysen. The 
popular vote stood: Polk, 1,337,243; Clay, 1,299,068; Birney (Abolitionist), 
62,300, The party policy was carried out by Polk, the Mexican w^ir followed, 
and, as its result, our western boundar.v line was fixed at the Pacific Ocean. 

The war with Mexico gave the country four Presidential candidates— Gen. 
Taylor in 1848. Gens. Scott and Pierce in 18.52, an<l (ien. Fremont in 1856. 
The contest in 1818 was between Gen. Zachary Taylor and Lewis Cass. The 
former was successful, receiving 163 votes against 127 for his opponent. The 
popular vote stood ; Taylor, 1,362,031 ; Cass. l,222.45'o: Van Buren (Free Soil) 
291.678. 

A singular fatality |)ursued the Whig Presidents. Gen. Taylor died July 9, 
1850. The administration of his successor, Millard Fillmore, formed a paral- 
lel to that of John Tyler, and disappointed and disheartened his party. Fill- 
more's Southern tendencies induced him to pursue a compromising course, 
and it was this spirit of compromise which deferred the war until 18G1. 



MANUAl. OF UJfl'lTSD STATES HISTORY. 121 

One of t!ie most overwhcliiiiiiL!; political victories that has ever been gained 
was achieved by tlie Democrats in 1852. Frtmklin Pierce, a gentleman of re- 
spectable attainments, was chosen over the old veteran. Gen. Wiufield Scott' 
by a vote of 2.jt to 42. Of the popular vote Pierce had 1,.')90,490, Scott 1,S78,- 
o89, John P. ITile (Free Soil) 157,290. 

Tlie result of tlie election of 1852 brought about th- disruption of the 
Whig party. It had long outlived its usefulness, and the failure of its Presi- 
dents to apply its principles to the administration of the Government left it 
nothing for which to contend or hope. The death ot its great leaders, Webs- 
ter and Clay, hastened its extinction. 

The Republican party was built on the ruins of the old U'hig organiza- 
tion. Its tuiidamcntal idea was to prevent I he extension of slavery into the 
Teirtries. Ir liad no f.'iidcncy whatever toward the abolition of the in- 
'"■•titution of slavery south of Mason and Dixon's Line On tin- subjects of tar- 
iff and finance it was in reality non-committal, but as it was necessary to take 
some stand, it adopted non-Democratic sentiments. The Democratic party 
was on one side of the political fence, ;inil it remained oidy for the Republi- 
ca'i J)art3' to take the other side. 

On the platform of oi»posiiion to the extension of slavery, the Republi- 
can party nomin ited its tirst candidate, John C. Fremont, and made its tirst 
Presidential struggle. While not doing violence to the ai)ti-Abt)lirioni--t sen- 
timents of the "old-line AN^higs," the Republican party, l)y its progiessive 
characti^r, courted and received the support of philinllifopi-t-; like William 
Lloyd Garrison. The Republican party was, in reality, a pMrty of malcon- 
tents. The large vote which Fremont received surprisi'd avoi-y one. One 
hundred ami seventy-four electoral votes were given to Buclianan, 114 ro Fre- 
mont, anil eight to Fillmore. Buchanan received, of the popular vote, 1,8.38,- 
232 votes. Fremont, 1,;«1,514, and Fillmore. 874,707. 

It is unnecessary to recapituhite the issue which decided the great con- 
test of 18(;(). Abraham Lincoln triumphed over his three Democratic comjjet- 
itors, anil the South, regarding his snceess as the signal for war, seceded from 
the Union. They were met by 1,800,000 Lincoln Republicans and 1,300,000 
Douglas Democrats, who, .after a struggle of four years, succeeded in accom- 
plishing our reimitication . 

In 1804. Abraham Lincoln was re-elected President, with Andrew John- 
son as Vice President. The Detnocratic candidates were George B. McClel- 
lan and George II. Pendleton. The platform on winch they were nominated 
declared for a discontinuance of the vvar, and antagonized some of the meas- 
ures of the Adniiiustration. The Re|)ubliean candidates were chosen, receiv- 
ing 212 electoral votes, against 21 for tlieir coinpetitors. Lincoln received 406,- 
812 majority of tlie popular vote. 

Mr. Lincoln's death on the 15th of April, 1865, left the work of recon- 
structing the Southern States to Andrew Johnson. Mr. Johnson's experience 
as President was certainly far from agreeable. His administration is too re- 
cent for the impi'rti.il opinion of its merits to be formed, but there is now little 
doubt that his policy toward the South, which met with such bitter antagon- 
ism, was bequeathed to him by President Lincoln, and that his conservative 
course was dictated by a sincere desire to carry out the plans of his predeces- 
sor. 

In 18(j8 the Democrats sustained President Jolmson's reconstruction pol- 
ic3', and nominated Horatio Seymour, of Xew York, and Frank P. Blair, of 



123 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 

Missouri. Ulys^ses S. fir.int uiul Seluiyler Cnlfax, the Republiean candidates, 
were elected, obtaiiiiiiu- 214 electorai votes in a total of 294. The result of tiie 
popular vote was, for Grant, 3,U16,:i53; for Seymour, 2,706,631. 

Perliaps the most grotesque spectacle tliat has ever been witnessed in 
American politics was presented in the contest of 1872. The so-called "Demo- 
cratic Ll!)eral Convention," wliich mtt at Cincinnati, nominated Hor.ice Gree- 
ley, who had ^roxn ^vny tigiitinjjj the Democratic party. Mr. Greeley made 
a personal canvass, but was overwhelmingly defeated ; 3,597,070 votes were 
given to Grant; 2,870,079 to Greeh^v, and 29,408 to Charles O'Conner, the reg- 
ular Democrafic candidates. Grant reci'ived 286 electoral votes. 

The conte-it of 1876, if ue may credit the assertions of politicians, is still 
being fought; and to go a stop further and tell the whole truth, it will con- 
tinue to be fougiit a- lony: as different minds are disposed to look at the matter 
differently. Of the i)opul:ir vote, Samuel J. Tilden received 4,261.885 votes; 
Rutherford B. Hayes 4.033.950, and Peter Cooper 81,740. The electoral vote 
as adjusted b\f the 8 to 7 comniis-iion, stood : Hayes, 185; Tilden, 184. 

X— FOREIGN RELATIONS. 

1. Treat}' wiili Spain. Provisions 1795 

2. Treaty with Algeria. Provisions 1795 

3. Treaty with England, i^Jay's). Provisions 1796 

4. War with France. (Quasi War) 1799 

5. Treaty with France , 1800 

6 European Blockade 1807 

7. Embargo Act 1807-9 

8. Non-Iiitercourse Act 1808 

9. Second War with England 1812-15 

10. War with Barbary States 1801-12 

11 Monroe Doctrine 1823 

12. Trouble with France and Portugal 1834 

13. Patriot War in Canada 1837-41 

14. North-east Bound iry, (Maine) 1812 

15. North-west Boundary (Oregon) 1846 

16. South-west Boumlary (Mexican War) 1846-8 

17. Fisherv Troubles with England 1852 

18. Filibusteriijg Expeditions 1853-60 

19. Trouble with Paraguay . , . ' 1858 

20. Fenian War " 1866 

21. .Maxamilian's Invasion of Mexico 1867 

22. Tile San Domingo Commission 1871 

23. Alabama Claims ...1871-2 

24. The Irish Agitators 1880 

25. The Isthmus Schemes 1880-2 

XI— STATES RIGHTS DOCTRINE. 

1. Action of the Sections in the Constitutional Conventions of 1787 

2. Action of Virginia and Kentucky Legislatures 1798 

3. Hartford Peace Conventions 1814 

4. Action of 'Jonnectient and Massachusetts Legislatures 1814 

5. Action of Georgia as to Creek Lands 1827 

6. Great Debate in the Scate of the United States 1828 

7. Nnlliflcaiion <»f South Carolina 1832 

8. Threats In tlie South in tlie Compromises of .1820 and 1850 

9. Secession of Southern States in 1860-1 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 123 









XII- 


-THE 


TARIFF. 


1. 


Of ISIO. 








7. 


Of 1842. 


2. 


or 1S20. 








8. 


Of 1840. 


3. 


or 1824. 








0. 


or 1857. 


4. 


or ] 828. 








10. 


Ori8Gl— Tlie Morrill Taritt'. 


o. 


or 1832. 








11. 


Duriiij^ lliu War. 


G. 


Tarill" Coiii| 


[)i-oinise, 


, 1833. 




12. 


Since the War. 



XIU— SLAVERY. 

(See III and V— Causes or Civil War.) 

XIV— INDUSTRIAL PROGRESS SINCE 1840. 
Lippincott's Majiazine. | 

It is not too nuicli to say that no j^'r^ut invention which had not its bej^in- 
iiinj^in the tiecaile or 184U — 18."')0 has appeared in the past thirty j'ears. In that 
period oeeurred the most siijnal development of the applications of ciiemistry 
ti» maiuiractnres and aj^ricultnre ; an enormous expansion pr commerce by 
means or railroads and ocean steamships; the dls'^overy or ether; and the per- 
fection and ditlusion or some or the most precious contributions ever made to 
the welfare or mankind. In 1835 only 984 miles or railroad hatl been com- 
pleted in the United States; in 1840 they had been nearly trebled (2818); in 
1845 they had bi>en nearly quadrupled (3,7G8). In 1835 Boston was connected 
wifh Worcester, and Biiiimore widi Washington; rrom Phiiadelpliia the trav- 
eler could j;o no r.arther west by rail than the Susquehanna at Columbia. In 
1838, Ericson bronjjht over the propeller to these hospitable shores. In 1840, 
tlie Cunard line or ocean steamers svas established, but ror a long time only 
"side-wheelers" were tolerated. The first regular ship, the Britannia, reach- 
ed Boston after a trip of fourteen days, and eight hours. Morse's telegraph, 
after vain offers on both sides of the Atlantic, was at last subsidized by our 
own government, and in 1844, communication was opened between Baltimore 
and Washington. ''What hath God wroiight! " signalled Morse at the capi- 
tal to Alfreil Vail at Baltimore. The news dispatches to the press "by electro- 
telegraph,', or "by magnetic telugraph" were meagi-e, while public patronage 
was so timid that the wits or the day made run of a delighted father in Balti- 
more who "wired" the news or the birth of a grandson to a post-oflice oflicial 
at the capital — "as ir the mail were too slow" at twenty miles an hour. In 
April, 1840, Goodyear was in the debtors' prison, (a lodging almost as famil- 
iar to him as his own home) in Boston; he had the year before found liie clue 
to the vulcanizing of rtibber, but the process was not reduced to a certainty 
until 1844. At about the same time, (1845-47) the SlcCormick reaper was con- 
tirminsi tiie indeiiendence of the New World of the Old as a granary. (As 
late as 183G-38 wheat had been imported into the United Stales from Portugal 
and the Baltic.) The sewing machine deviseil by Elias Howe in 1843 was pat- 
ented in 1846, but the importance or this invention was not fully realized for 
more than a dozen years afterward. The daguerreotype dates from 1839. and 
in 1840 the enterprising Mr. Plumb began to take likenesses in Boston — with 
small success for some months. Five years later his "galleries" were to be 
found not only in that eiry, hut in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Wash- 
ington, and even DubiKine. Iowa. Finally, July 24th, 1847, the patent was 
issued for Hoe's lightning-i)ress, with its "impression cylindei-" (the type re- 
volving on a circular-bed, and a printing capacity of ten to twenty thousand 
per hour. 

1. Manufactures 1813 



134 MANUAL OF U^TITEl) STA I'ES HISTORY. 

2. First .S,iviii<?s Bank 1816 

3. Ocean Steam Navigation 1819 

4. Sale of Pnblic Lnnds 1804, 1837 and since. 

5. llomesteaij Laws 1830—1873 

6. Orio^in of the Express Business ...183'J 

7. Boston Wateh Corai)an\' 1850 

8. Test of Amerie;in Reapers 1855 

9. World's Fair at New York 1854 

10. Growth of Agricultuie 1870 

11. Yearly Exposirions at Cineinnati, St. Loui,-: and Ciiieago. 

XV-EDTTCATIONAL niOGRESS. 

The Silver Link.— Joseph Co(jk is the clianipion of popnlar education. 
By liis repeated and earnest utterances from the platform he has thrown liis 
strong, positivt! influence against ail retrograde movements in edncatii)nal 
matters. He hi-dieves that the morecnlrnre we have, the more happiness we 
possess. In a lecture before the Chantanqna Assembly, he took occasion to 
make the following remarks regajding our High Schools: 

'• I'herH are three links of education in this country — an iron, a <ilver, and 
a golden ; our common schools, our high schools, and unr univerities. 

"We all believe in common school education. The ditferenc.* between a 
fool who has been through college, and one who has not, is, that the one wvho 
has been throngli usually knows he is a fool, and the other one does not. 
Therefore, in spile of the failures man.y collegiates make in life, we ought to 
believe in nniver>iiies. In the republic of culture there are no foreign lands. 
What wc most need, I think, is a silver link to unite the iion link witl. the 
golden, and if our high schools were a little improved in pracrical directions, 
we think in them would be found the silver link.'' 

1. Early work of Noah Webster 1783—1805 

2. The Provisions of the Ordinance for the North-west Territory... 1787 

3. The Deaf and Dumb 1817 

4. First Asylum for the Blind 1832 

6. Education 1837—1841 

0. First Asylum for Idiots 1848 

7. The Astor Library 1848—1854 

8. The Associated Press 1855 

9. The Egyptian Obelisk 1881 

10. The Power of the Press 1880 

11. The Public Libraries 1830 

12. The Work of Education 1880 

XNI—THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STATES. 
This study should include : 

1. Origin of name. 2. Early history. 3. Leading settlements, (a) When. 

(b) Where, (c) By whom. 4. Organization as a Territory, (a) When, (b) 
Capital, (c) Territory included. 5. Indian Wars, (a) When, (b) Where. 

(c) Leaders, (d) Events, (e) Eftects. 
G. Admission as a State; when. 

Note — The o.-der of the admission of the States from 1791 to 18G1, should 
be studied with great care; since this order grew out of the struggles of the 
North and South to sustain in their respective sections the balance of power; 
and whenever this balance moved North of 30° 30' to permanently remain, the 
South no longer felt that there was safety for their peculiar institution, and 
hence, left the Union. 



MANUAL OF H^ITED STATES HISTORY. 125 

XVII— TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT. 

ARK A 
TIMK NAME SQ. MI. MKTHOD WHO FROM COST 

nSli Tin- i:^ Slates 820,(>SU. . Rv (.•oiKitiest. . . .England 

18U;J . . Louisiana 8!H),.")7!). . liv |iurciiase France 15,000,000 

1819-21. .Florida G(j!),000 . Hy piirciia.^e Spain 5,000,000 

184G . .Northern RkiuhI. .;i0s,()52. . Bv treaty Eno:laT(l 

1846 . .Texa.-s ;ns,O00. ByAnDewtion' Mexico 10,000,000 

1847 N.'w Mex. & Cal. .52-2,!)55. . By coniiuest Mexico 18,000,000 

1843 ..Ari/onia 45..">;i"). By piirclia^e Mexico 10,000,000 

18G7 . . Alaska 577, MOO . B'y purchase . . .Russia. . . 7,200,000 



3,559.001 $65,200,000 



XVIII— TREATIES CONTRACTED. 

1. Jay's Treaty 1796 

2. Treaty or Client 1814 

3. Guadalupe IlidaJoo 1848 

4. Webster-Ashburton 1848 

5. With Japan 1854 

6. With North German States 1863 

7. With China 1868 

8. Washinjiton 1874 

XIX— GREAT FIRES. 

1. At New York in 1835. Loss, $20,000,000. 

2. At Washington City, 1836 and 1S77. 

3. At New York in 1839. Loss. $10,000,000. 

4. At Pittsburgh. Pa., in 1845. Loss, $6,000,000. 

5. At New York, in 1845. Loss, $6,000,000. 

6. At San Francisco, in 1850, Loss, $10,000,000. 

7. At San Francisco, twice in 1851. Loss, $3,000,000 each. 

8. At St. Louis in 1851. Loss, $11,000,000. 

9. At Nashville in 1865. $10,000,000. 

10. Forest Fires in Wisconsin in 1871. $4,000,000. 

11. Cliicago, Ills., in 1871. Loss, $200,000,000. 

12. Boston, in 1S72. Loss, $80,000,000, 

Twelves Fires, with a total loss of $360,000,000. 

XX— DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION. 

1. Lewis and Clarke 1804-7 

2. John C. Fremont 1842-3 

3. Arctic Explorations 1850—1882 

4. Atlantic Explorations under Wilkes 1838—1842 

5. The North-west Passage. 1850 

XXL— MORAL AND RELIGIOUS GROWTH. 

1. Foreign Missionary Society 1806 

2. American Bible Society 1816 

3. American Colonization Society 1816 

4. American Sunday School Union 1824 

5. AuMMican Tract Society . 1825 

6. American Peace Society 1828 

7. American Temperance Society 1826 

8. The Washingtonians ,. 1840 

9. American Congressional Temperance Society / .1833 



12(3 MAXUAL OF UXITED STA'I'ES HISTORY. 

10. Aineiicaii X.-itioiml T<'Mi[)tMaiK'e Society 1866 

11. The Sanilary Fairs 1861-5 

12. American Cliri-tiaii Coi)miis.*i(iii . . • 1861-5 

13. Tlie Xcw Indian I'olii-y 1870 

14. Tlie Worlx of Re-ljoriuti 1881 

15. Tlie Mnipliy Teni|)erani'e Mownu-nr 1877-9 

16. Revision of the Biljle 1870-1880 

XXII.—SOCIAL AXD domestic GROWTH. 

1. Manners of Society 1789 -1797 

2. Tiie Westward Movenieni . 1815 

3. Social and Domestic Life 1801-9 

4. Manners of Society 1801-9 

5. Tiie Growth of the West 1815-1825 

6. The Olden Times 1825 

7. Changes iii Dome>tic Life. 

XX III.— POLITICAL MATTERS 

1. Origiii of American Anti-Slawry SoL-iety 1833 

2. Origin of Anti-Ma.-onii- Party 1826 

3. Origin of Know-Nothing Party 1852 

4. Birth of the Eepnblican Party 18i:i 

5. The removal of government troops fi'um the Snnth 1877 

6. The Sonthern Exodns .'. 1879-81 

7. Tlie extra session of Congress 1879 

8. The Credit Mobiitr Inves.igatioii 

9. The Electoral Commission 1876 

10. The Dead Lock in ihe LTnii<.d States Senate 1881 

11. Tlie Ciistom-Honse Qnanel 1881 

XXIV— IXTERXAL IMPROV^EMEX^I'S. 

1. Woric of .John Q. Adams' Admiiustralion 182.5-9 

2. Erie Canal— Bnllalo to Albany 1817-^5 

3. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 1828 

4. N'ational or Cumberland Road 1830-6 

5. Wabash and Erie Canal 1848-52 

6. Tiie Panama Railroal 18.55 

7. The Central Pacilic Railroad 1872 

8. The Cincinnati Soutliern 18S1 

XXV— GREAT IXVENTIOXS. 

1. The Cotton Gi.i 1792 

2. The Steamboat 1807 

3. The Iron Plow 1814 

4. The Railroad 1828 

5. Reaping and Mowing Machines 1832-3 

6. Magnetic Tt Icgiaph 1843 

7. The Sewing M;'chine 1846 

8. Vnleanizing of India Knbber 1839 

». Atlantic Cable 1866 

10. The Telephone 1876 

11. The Electric Light 1878-9 

XXVr— INTERXAL TROUBLES 

1. Shaye's Rebellion 1786-7 

2. Whiskey Reb Uion 1791 



MAXUAL OF UXITSD STATES HISTORY. 127 

3. Trouble uitli Aaron Burr 1804-7 

4. Tlie Dun- Rehellion 1842 

5. Aiiti-Itciit DiHicultie-- 1842 

0. Moniioii Troll l)les l34'i—5 

7. The iVIornioii Rebellion 1857-9 

8. The Border Warfare 1854-GO 

i>. The Railro.d Riot 1877 

10. The Oklaiionia 'I'louble 1880 

1 1 . Mollie Magiiire Trouble 1877-0 

XXVI I— HISTORIC JOURNEY'S IN THE UNITED STATES. 

1. Visit of Ualayette 1824-5 

2. Tour of Jennie Li ml 1850 

3. Toni- of Iwouis Kossuth 1851-2 

4. Tour of Charles Dickens 1867 

5. Tour of <ien. Grant in the Southern States and Mexico 1879 

(j. Other nnifil touiisi< were McCready, Patti, Prince of Wales, Duke 

Alexis. Modjeska, ami Dean Staniey. 

YXIX— LEADlNt; DIS( OVERIES IN THE UNITED STATES. 

1. ('oal in Pennsylvania in 1791 

2. Petroleum nil in Pennsylvania 1848 

;{. (it. Id in Calitoi hia 1848 

4. Silver in Nevada 1857 

5. Gold in Black Hills 1875 

(J. Silver in Colorado 1878 

XXX— GROWTH OF THE IDEA OF SELF-GOVERNMENT AND NA- 
TIONAL UNION DURING AMERICAN HIS LORY. 

1. The Virfjiniu House of Biirjjes-e?- 1619 

2. The VV^ritlen (^)nstiiutioii of Virginia 1G21 

'd. The L'liion of New England Colonies I64.S 

4. The Liberal Charters of Rhode Islaiidand Coniifciicut 1665 

5. The Suggestion of William Penn 1697 

6. The Suggestion of Daniel Coxe, of New Jcisej' 1722 

7. The Colonial Congress at Albany 175-i 

8. 'I'he Colonial Congri ss at New York 1765 

9. First Continental Congiess (Articles ol Association) 1774 

10. Second Continental Congress (Prepai atiDus tor War) 1775 

11. Third Continental Congress, (Declaration of Indi'pendeiire) 1773 

12. 4th and 5ih Continent il Congresses (Frame Articles of Confed.)I"77-8 

13. All the Stales Adopt the Arlicles of (.'onfcderatioii by 1781 

14. Ordinance of North Western Territory 1787 

15. Coiiiinercial Convention of Virginia and Maryhmtl 1785 

16. Cotninercial Coiiventinn at Anna|iolis 1786 

17. Constitutional Coiiventinn ar Philadelphia 1787 

18. Adoption of the CoMstituiion bv Nine Siat's 1788 

19. Adoption of the Consiituiion by all the States 1790 

20. Traeeof the Adoption of the Fifteen Ditlereut Anuiiments... 1780-1870 

XXXXr— A.MERICAN WARS. 
"First came the war of Revoluiion, that was the birth-throe that ushered 
this nation into life. Then came the war of 1812, — that was the infantile dis- 
ease through which ev'iy child must go. Then c ime the war of 1861, — that 
was the great typhoid which was to revolutionize the national system. 



128 MAXUaL of rMTFED STATES HISTORY. 

And when tliis iiurion restiineil specie payineiii that was the sertleinent of 
the doctor's bill. — Tuhiutga. 

INDIAN WARS. 

1. Miami War 1790-4 

2. Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 

3. Creek War 1814-14 

4. Black Hawk War 1832 

6. Seminole War 1835-42 

G. Sionx War 1862 

7. Modoc War 1871 

8. The Custer Massacre 1877 

9. TheUte Outbreak 1879 

10. The Oklahoma Trouble 1880 

XXXII— BRIEF OUTLINE— THE NATIONAL PERIOD OF AMERI- 
CAN LITERATURE. 

I. The Great Theoloijical Debate. 1. Qnestion — Whether there is one 
or three persons in the Godhead. 2. Parties — [a] LTnitarians — Liberal. [b] 
Trinitarians — Oithodox. 3. Church Papers — [a] LTnitarian — Christian Ex- 
aminer, [b] Trinitarian — The Panoplist. 4. Plaee^[a] In and around Bos- 
ton, [b] Afterward took in New England, [c] Finally included New York 
and New Jerse}-. 

DEBATERS UXITAIUANS, 

Wm. E. Channing, Dr. Orville Dewey, 

Andrews Norton, Dr. Wm. H. Furness, 

Henry Ware, Andrew Peabody. 

TRINITARIANS. 

Dr. Samuel Worcester, Lyman Beetdier, 

Prof. Leonard W^oods, Prof. A. Alexander, 

Prof. Moses Stuart, Prof. Chas. Hodge. 

\ II— NOVELISTS. 

EARLIER. LATER. 

Washintfton Irving, Nathaniel Hawthorne^ 

Charles P. Brown, Wm. G. Sims, 

James Fennimore Cooper. Mrs. H. B. Stowe. 

Ill— EARLIER PROSE WRITERS. 

R. W. Emerson, Edward Everett, 

H. D. Thoreau. T. W. Iligginson, 

W". E. Channing, George W. Curtis, 

Theodore Parker. E. P. Whipple. 

IV— EARLIER POETS. 

W. C. Bryant. F. G. Halleok, 

H. W. Longfellow, N, P. Willis, 

O. W, Holmes, E. A. Poe, 

J. G. Whittier, R. W. Emerson. 
J. K. Lowell, 

V— GREAT JOURNALISTS. 

EARLIER. 

Benjamin Franklin, George D. Prentice, 

Wm. C. Bryant, Wm. L. Stone, 

Wm. Leggett, M. M. Noah. 



MANUAL OF UNlTEp STATES HISTORY. 



12i- 



Ileiiiy J. Raymoix.1, 
Epi's 8ar«:jeiit, 
J. G. Hollatid, 
Sainuc! Bowie?, 
Horace Greeley, 



Wliitelaw Reitl, 
J. Gordon Bennett, 
Ileury Watterson, 
Col. Forne)'. 



Riifus Clioate, Boston, 
Jeremiah Mason, Boston, 
Josiali Qniiiey, Boston, 
Uanie] \\ ^h^ter, Boston, 
Alexander Ilatniltori, New York, 
James Madison, Virjjinia, 

OF TII 



VI— GREAT ATTORNEYS. 

OF THE PAST. 

Chas. O'Connell, New York, 
Henry Clay, Kentucky, 
Alex Stephens, Georgia, 
The Adams', Massachusetts, 
Wm. C. Pinckney, 
Judah P. Benjamin, Louisiana. 

PRESENT. 



Wm. Evarts, New York, 
Judge Porter, New York, 
Robert Toombs, Georgia, 
Robert IngersoU, Illinois, 
VV. F. Linder, Illinois, 
B. F. Butler, Massachusetts, 

VII— ORATORS 



Daniel Voorhees, Indiana, 
Thos. A. Hendricks, Indiana, 
Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, 
Allen G. Thurman, Ohio, 
C. L. Vallandingham, Ohio. 



KARLIER PERIOD. 

Alex. Hamilton, N. Y. 
John Jay, " 

Samuel Adams, Mass. 
John Adams, " 

James Otis, " 

Thomas Jefferson, Va. 
James Madison, " 
Patrick Henry, •' 

Richard Ueury Lee, " 



MIDDLE PERIOD. 

Daniel Webster. Mass. 
Chas. Sumner, " 
Edward Everett, " 
John C. Calhoun, S. C 
Robert Y. Ilayne, " 
John Randolph, Va. 
Thomas Benton, Mo. 
Aaron Burr, N. Y. 
Henry Clay, Kj. 



VIIJ 

OF THE PAST. 

Lynnin Beecher, 
Wm. E. Channing, 
Theodore Parker, 
James VV. Alexander, 
Chas. G. Finney. 

IX— ANTI-SLAVERY ORATORS. 



LAEER PERIOD, 

Oliver P, Morton, Ind. 
Thos. Hendricks, " 
Daniel Voorhees, " 
Robert Ingersoll, 111. 
John A. Logan, " 
Alex. IT. Stephens, Ga. 
James G. Blaine, Maine 
Roscoe Conkling, N. Y. 
Allen G. Thurman, Ohio. 
James Bayard, Del. 
Gen. Gordon, Ga. 
L. Q. C. Lamar., Miss. 
Ben. Hill, Ga. 
SACEED ORATORS. 

OF THE PRESEKT. 

Henry Ward Beecher, 
DeWiit Talmage, 
Prof. Swing, 
Joseph Cook. 



Edward Everett, 
Wendell Phillipps, 
Wm. L. Garrison, 
Horace Mann, 

Jack Downing, 
Artomus Ward, 



Charles Sumner, 
Wm. Seward, 
Zach Chandler, 
Abraham Lincoln. 
X— HUMORISTS. 

Widow Bedott, 
Mark Twain, 



/ 



130 Manual of united states history. 

Josli Biliiiigs, Hans Bieitiuann, 

P. T. Nasby, F. B. Haite, 

•J. G. Saxe, R. J. Bunlette. . 

XI— ESSAYS AND CRITICISMS. 

Irvinji', D. G. Mitchell. 

Willis, Geo. VV. Curtis, 

Tlioreau, Abigail Dod^e, 

Emei'soii, Ricliunl G. Wdite. 

Holmes. E. E. Hale, 

Lowell, T. W. Hiajriiison, 

Prentice, Chas. D. Warner, 

Poe, H. H. Fiirness. 
E. P. Whipple, 

XII— TRAVELS AND ADVENTURES. 

Bayard Taylor, 11. U. Dana, Jr., 

Com. Wilkes, W. D. Howells, 

John C. Fremontj Fred. L. Olm.^tead, 

Dr. E. K. Kane, H. M. Stanley. 
Dr. Schliemann, 

XIII— BIOGRAPHY. 

Irving, (Columbns), Sparks, (Washington), 

G. W. Greene, (Nath. Greene), Geo. W.Curtis, (Webster). 

XIV— THEOLOGY. 

Ai-chibald Alexander, Frederick Hed.^e, 

Nath. Taylor, W. G. T. Shedd, 

Wm. E. Channing, Chas, Kodge, 

Horace Bushnell, Edward A. Parke. 
Henry B. Smith, 

XV.— MENTAL SCIENCE. 

Francis Wayland, Pres. McCosh, 

Noah Porter, Thomas Upham, 

Prof. Bowen, L. O. Hickock. 

XVI.— BIBLICAL LITERATURE. 

Moses Stuart, Taylor Lewis, 

Edward Robinson, Albert Barnes, 

Geo. Bush, Dr. Philip Schaff, 

Geo. R. Noyes, Dr. Wm. Alger, 

J. S. Alexander, D. A. Peabody, 

Mark Hopkins, J. W. Dawson, 

H. B. Haclcett, Thomas Conanr. 

XVII.— POLITICAL SCIENCE. 

Chancellor Kent, Wm. B. Lawrence, 

John Marshall, Francis Lieber, 

Justice Story, David A. Wells, 

Henry Wheaton, President Woolsey. 
Horace Greeley, 

XVIII.— PHYSICAL SCIENCE. 

J. J. Audubon, Pres. Edward Hitchcock, 

Nath. Bowditch, James Hall, 

A. D. Bache, Arnold Guyot, 

Beiij. Sillraan, Sr., T. S. IIuul, 



MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HISTORY. 131 

U. AgMSsiz, J. N. Draper, 

M. T. Miuiry, Eliot Cone.*, 

Simon Nevvconib, Principal Dawson. 
Prof. J. D. D.ina, 

XIX.— ETIIXOLOGICAL AND LINGUISTIC SCIENCE. 

P. S. Diipom-eau, Taylor Lewis, 

Alb.Mt Gallatin, N. I). Whitney, 

IL B. Scoocrait. T. W. Tnimbnll, 

Geo. P. Marsh, L. Mori;aii. 

XX.- POETS OF THE PRESENT. 

R. H. Stoddard, John G. Saxe, 

E. C. Stetidnian, Thomas B. Reade, 

Bayard Taylor, Julia Ward Howe, 

Joaquin Miller, Walt Whitman. 
Bret IIarti% 

XXI.— WRITER.' OF NOVELS AND POETRY. 

John Hav, E. E. Hale, 

T. li. Aldrit'h, Wm. M. Baker, 

J. G. IIolhMid, Charles D. AVarner, 

Edward Ei^nK-ston, E. P. Roe, 

N. D. Howell s, Geo. W. Cable, 

Julia Hawthoi'ne, Sylvester Judd. 
Henry James. .Jr. 

XXII.— FEMALE AUTHORS. 

Mrs. A. D. Whitney, Alice and Piioebe Carey, 

Louisa Maj' Alcott, Rebecca Davis, 

Mrs. E. S. Phelps, Julia W. Howe, 

Mrs. E. Prentiss, Harriet B. Stowe, 

Mrs. H. P. SpotTord, Miss Mapes Dodge, 

Mrs. F. G. Burnett, Miss A. Dodse. 
Susan and Ann Warner, 

XXm.— HISTORICAL NAMES FOR CITIES. 

1. New York — Gotham. 

2. Philadelphia— The Quaker City. 

3. BaUirnore — The Monumental City. 

4. New Orleans — Tlie Crescent City. 

5. St. Louis — Tile Garden City. 
G. Cleveland — The Forest City. 

7. Cincinnati — The Queen City of the West. 

8. Pittsburff— The Smoky City. 

0. Boston — The Hub of the Universe. 

10. Wasliinu:ti)n — The City of Maffuincent Distances, 

1. Indianapolis — The City of Concentric Circles. 
■2 Fort Wayne — The Summit City. 

3. Terre Haute — The Prairie Cit}'. 

4. Li Porte — The Door. 

5. Richmonil — The Quaker Citj' of the West. 

6. Vincenues — The Old Post. 

7. Evansville — The Crescent City. 
De Witt T.\LjrAGE calls — 

1. Wa-liington— The City of Official Power. 

2. Boston— Tiie City of Culture. 



132 MANUAL OF UNITED STATES HI8T0RY. 

3. Phiiiulelphi:;— The City of Beautiful Order. 

4. Chioaujo — The City of Miraculous Growth. 

5. New York — The City of Commeicial Supremacy. 

6. Brooklyn — The City of Homes. 

XXIV.— SALARIES OF LEADING UNITED STATES OFFICERS. 

1. President, $50,000 per year. 2. Vice President, $8,000 per year. 

3. Cabinet Officers, $8,000 " 4. Chief Justice, $10,500 

5. Associate Justice, $10,000 " G. Circuit Courts, $G,000 

7. Senators, $5,000 per year, i Mileajre. 20c per mile each way, and 

8. Representatives, $5,000 per year^ $125 per year for Stationery. 

9. Speaker of the House of Representatives, $8,000 per year, 

ARMY. NAVY. 

General, $13,500. Admiral, $13,000. 

Lieutenant-General, $11,000. Vice-Admiral, $9,000. 

Major-General, $7,500. Rear-Admiral, $6,000. 

Brigadier-General, $5,500. Commodore, $5,000. 

Captains, $4,500. 

Oommauders, $3,600. 



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# DEC 88 
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INDIANA 46962 






